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Understanding the molecular mechanisms of statin pleiotropic effects
Arch Toxicol. 2023 Apr 21. doi: 10.1007/s00204-023-03492-6. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTStatins represent the cornerstone of pharmacotherapy for the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. These medications not only reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) via inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate attached to CoA reductase, the key rate-limiting step in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, but also upregulate expression of the low-density lipoprotein receptor, improving serum clearance. Given LDL-C is a causal risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis, these complementary mechanisms ...
Source: Archives of Toxicology - April 21, 2023 Category: Toxicology Authors: Charles A German James K Liao Source Type: research

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis following Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) envenomation: A case report and review of the literature
We report a previously healthy middle-aged Indian female who developed cerebral venous sinus thrombosis preceded by features of disseminated bleeding diathesis following Russell's viper bite. The cerebral venous sinus thrombosis was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging. The patient responded well to treatment with antivenom and subcutaneous enoxaparin and had no demonstrable neurological deficits at three months of follow-up.PMID:36041514 | DOI:10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.08.014
Source: Toxicon - August 30, 2022 Category: Toxicology Authors: Ritwik Ghosh Mois és León-Ruiz Dipayan Roy Dinobandhu Naga Sona Singh Sardar Juli án Benito-León Source Type: research

The role of platelets in hemostasis and the effects of snake venom toxins on platelet function.
Abstract The human body has a set of physiological processes, known as hemostasis, which keeps the blood fluid and free of clots in normal vessels; in the case of vascular injury, this process induces the local formation of a hemostatic plug, preventing hemorrhage. The hemostatic system in humans presents complex physiological interactions that involve platelets, plasma proteins, endothelial and subendothelial structures. Disequilibrium in the regulatory mechanisms that control the growth and the size of the thrombus is one of the factors that favors the development of diseases related to vascular disorders such a...
Source: Toxicon - April 20, 2017 Category: Toxicology Authors: de Queiroz MR, de Sousa BB, da Cunha Pereira DF, Mamede CCN, Matias MS, de Morais NCG, de Oliveira Costa J, de Oliveira F Tags: Toxicon Source Type: research

Does exposure to marijuana cause myocardial infarction?
2 out of 5 stars Prolonged cardiac arrest complicating a massive ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction associated with marijuana consumption. Orsini J et al. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2016 Sept 7;6(4):31695 Full Text The medical literature contains scattered, rare case reports and series describing myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, and cardiac arrest associated with exposure to cannabis. (Extreme emphasis on the word “associated.”) This literature is limited by a number of crippling problems, including failure to screen completely for presence of other drugs, failure to collect com...
Source: The Poison Review - November 12, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Leon Gussow Tags: Medical cannabis cardiotoxicity heart attack cardiac arrest marijuana myocardial infarction Source Type: news

Early pregnancy cerebral venous thrombosis and status epilepticus treated with levetiracetam and lacosamide throughout pregnancy
We describe a pregnant woman with a massive CVT in early pregnancy, complicated by status epilepticus. The mother was treated with levetiracetam, lacosamide and enoxaparin throughout pregnancy. A male infant was born on pregnancy week 36, weighing 2.2 kilogram. Both levetiracetam and and lacosamide were present in cord blood in levels similar to those in maternal blood. The infant was partially breast-fed and experienced poor feeding and sleepiness, starting to resolve after two first weeks. Milk samples were drawn five days after the delivery and a blood sample from the infant three days later. Lacosamide level in milk wa...
Source: Reproductive Toxicology - July 14, 2015 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research

Stroke in a young patient? Ask about synthetic cannabinoids
3 out of 5 stars Ischemic stroke after use of synthetic marijuana “spice”. Freeman MJ et al. Neurology 2013;81:1-4. Abstract This interesting paper, from the University of South Florida in Tampa, describes a brother and sister who at different times both developed ischemic strokes shortly after smoking a synthetic marijuana product. The 26-year-old brother presented with dysarthria, expressive aphasia, and right-sided weakness after smoking “Spice” a few hours previously. Head CT showed a clot in the proximal middle cerebral artery. His symptoms resolved after treatment with thrombolytics. The 19-y...
Source: The Poison Review - December 11, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Leon Tags: Medical cerebral ischemia jwh-018 spice stroke synthetic cannabinoid Source Type: news

cDNA cloning of a snake venom metalloproteinase from the eastern diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus), and the expression of its disintegrin domain with anti-platelet effects.
Abstract A 5' truncated snake venom metalloproteinase was identified from a cDNA library constructed from venom glands of an eastern diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus). The 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) was used to obtain the 1865 bp full-length cDNA sequence of a snake venom metalloproteinase (CamVMPII). CamVMPII encodes an open reading frame of 488 amino acids, which includes a signal peptide, a pro-domain, a metalloproteinase domain, a spacer, and an RGD-disintegrin domain. The predicted amino acid sequence of CamVMPII showed a 91%, 90%, 83%, and 82% sequence homology to the P-II class e...
Source: Toxicon - January 10, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Suntravat M, Jia Y, Lucena SE, Sánchez EE, Pérez JC Tags: Toxicon Source Type: research