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Miniaturized Stacked Transducer for Intravascular Sonothrombolysis With Internal-Illumination Photoacoustic Imaging Guidance and Clot Characterization
Thromboembolism in blood vessels can lead to stroke or heart attack and even sudden death unless brought under control. Sonothrombolysis enhanced by ultrasound contrast agents has shown promising outcome on effective treatment of thromboembolism. Intravascular sonothrombolysis was also reported recently with a potential for effective and safe treatment of deep thrombosis. Despite the promising treatment results, the treatment efficiency for clinical application may not be optimized due to the lack of imaging guidance and clot characterization during the thrombolysis procedure. In this paper, a miniaturized transducer was d...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - July 21, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Numerical study of the effect of LVAD inflow cannula positioning on thrombosis risk
In this study, a fluid structure interaction (FSI) simulation was conducted to evaluate the hemodynamics of a patient specific left ventricle (LV) with varying LVAD IC orientations. The LV model was obtained from computed tomography scans and modeled to have contraction and relaxation during cardiac cycles following available experimental data of LV volume changes. The LV of the patient was assumed to have an end systolic volume of 223.7 mL and a stroke volume of 46.4 mL. Four different IC positions were considered: towards the (1) septum; (2) aortic valve (AV); (3) mitral valve (MV) and (4) inferior wall (IW). The potenti...
Source: Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering - October 1, 2021 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Ge He Lu Han Jiafeng Zhang Aakash Shah David J Kaczorowski Bartley P Griffith Zhongjun Wu Source Type: research

Hyper-acute EEG alterations predict functional and morphological outcomes in thrombolysis-treated ischemic stroke: a wireless EEG study
AbstractOwing to the large inter-subject variability, early post-stroke prognosis is challenging, and objective biomarkers that can provide further prognostic information are still needed. The relation between quantitative EEG parameters in pre-thrombolysis hyper-acute phase and outcomes has still to be investigated. Hence, possible correlations between early EEG biomarkers, measured on bedside wireless EEG, and short-term/long-term functional and morphological outcomes were investigated in thrombolysis-treated strokes. EEG with a wireless device was performed in 20 patients with hyper-acute (<  4.5 h from onset) ant...
Source: Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing - December 4, 2020 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

In Vitro Investigation of the Effect of Left Ventricular Assist Device Speed and Pulsatility Mode on Intraventricular Hemodynamics.
This study showed how LVAD speed, peripheral resistance and afterload impact the complex intraventricular flow patterns in a ventricle implanted with an LVAD and quantify their thrombogenic risk. PMID: 33128182 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Annals of Biomedical Engineering - October 30, 2020 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Chassagne F, Miramontes M, Chivukula VK, Li S, Beckman JA, Mahr C, Aliseda A Tags: Ann Biomed Eng Source Type: research

A Novel Hybrid Membrane VAD as First Step Toward Hemocompatible Blood Propulsion.
P, Potapov E, Falk V, Mazza E Abstract Heart failure is a raising cause of mortality. Heart transplantation and ventricular assist device (VAD) support represent the only available lifelines for end stage disease. In the context of donor organ shortage, the future role of VAD as destination therapy is emerging. Yet, major drawbacks are connected to the long-term implantation of current devices. Poor VAD hemocompatibility exposes the patient to life-threatening events, including haemorrhagic syndromes and thrombosis. Here, we introduce a new concept of artificial support, the Hybrid Membrane VAD, as a first-of-its...
Source: Annals of Biomedical Engineering - September 7, 2020 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Ferrari A, Giampietro C, Bachmann B, Bernardi L, Bezuidenhhout D, Ermanni P, Hopf R, Kitz S, Kress G, Loosli C, Marina V, Meboldt M, Pellegrini G, Poulikakos D, Rebholz M, Schmid Daners M, Schmidt T, Starck C, Stefopoulos G, Sündermann S, Thamsen B, Zill Tags: Ann Biomed Eng Source Type: research

Investigating the Mechanical Behavior of Clot Analogues Through Experimental and Computational Analysis.
Abstract With mechanical thrombectomy emerging as the new standard of care for stroke treatment, clot analogues provide an extremely useful tool in the testing and design of these treatment devices. The aim of this study is to characterise the mechanical behavior of thrombus analogues as a function of composition. Platelet-contracted clot analogues were prepared from blood mixtures of various hematocrits. Mechanical testing was performed whereby clots were subjected to unconfined compression between two rigid plates. Two loading protocols were imposed: cyclic compression for 10 cycles at a constant strain-rate mag...
Source: Annals of Biomedical Engineering - July 19, 2020 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Johnson S, McCarthy R, Gilvarry M, McHugh PE, McGarry JP Tags: Ann Biomed Eng Source Type: research

Numerical Study of Atrial Fibrillation Effects on Flow Distribution in Aortic Circulation.
Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of arrhythmia, which undermines cardiac function. Atrial fibrillation is a multi-facet malady and it may occur as a result of other diseases or it may trigger other problems. One of the main complications of AF is stroke due to the possibility of clot formation inside the atrium. However, the possibility of stroke occurrence due to the AF and the location from which an embolus dispatches are subject of debate. Another hypothesis about the embolus formation during AF is thrombus formation in aorta and carotid arteries, embolus detachment and its movement. To...
Source: Annals of Biomedical Engineering - January 13, 2020 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Deyranlou A, Naish JH, Miller CA, Revell A, Keshmiri A Tags: Ann Biomed Eng Source Type: research

Combination of hand-crafted and unsupervised learned features for ischemic stroke lesion detection from Magnetic Resonance Images
Publication date: Available online 14 February 2019Source: Biocybernetics and Biomedical EngineeringAuthor(s): G.B. Praveen, Anita Agrawal, Ponraj Sundaram, Sanjay SardesaiAbstractDetection of ischemic stroke lesions plays a vital role in the assessment of stroke treatments such as thrombolytic therapy and embolectomy. Manual detection and quantification of stroke lesions is a time-consuming and cumbersome process. In this paper, we present a novel automatic method to detect acute ischemic stroke lesions from Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) volumes using textural and unsupervised learned features. The proposed method profic...
Source: Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering - February 15, 2019 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Efficacy of Sonothrombolysis Using Microbubbles Produced by a Catheter-Based Microfluidic Device in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke.
Abstract Limitations of existing thrombolytic therapies for acute ischemic stroke have motivated the development of catheter-based approaches that utilize no or low doses of thrombolytic drugs combined with a mechanical action to either dissolve or extract the thrombus. Sonothrombolysis accelerates thrombus dissolution via the application of ultrasound combined with microbubble contrast agents and low doses of thrombolytics to mechanically disrupt the fibrin mesh. In this work, we studied the efficacy of catheter-directed sonothrombolysis in a rat model of ischemic stroke. Microbubbles of 10-20 µm diameter with ...
Source: Annals of Biomedical Engineering - January 28, 2019 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Dixon AJ, Li J, Rickel JR, Klibanov AL, Zuo Z, Hossack JA Tags: Ann Biomed Eng Source Type: research

Model development and comparison of low hemorrhage-risk endoluminal patch thrombolytic treatment for ischemic stroke
A thrombus blocking flow in a blood vessel deprives the brain cells of oxygen resulting in ischemic stroke and paralysis [1]. Thrombolysis treatment can be used to unblock the vessel [2]. A high dose of thrombolytic agents (urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) or tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)) is administered to dissolve the blocking thrombus in eligible patients who are within 4.5  h from stroke onset [3,4]. Typically, 10,000–60,000 IU/kg (
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - August 31, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Zhen Qin, Francesco Ciucci, Chi Hang Chon, John C.K. Kwok, David C.C. Lam Source Type: research

An experimental and computational study of the inferior vena cava hemodynamics under respiratory-induced collapse of the infrarenal IVC
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third most common cause of death from cardiovascular disease, after heart attack and stroke [1]. Usually associated with deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism occurs when a venous thrombus embolizes and passes through the inferior vena cava (IVC) to the pulmonary arteries. Emboli occluding blood flow to one or both lungs can lead to impaired oxygenation, heart strain, and death [2].
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - February 24, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Elisabetta Tedaldi, Chiara Montanari, Kenneth I. Aycock, Francesco Sturla, Alberto Redaelli, Keefe B. Manning Source Type: research

Review of Mechanical Testing and Modelling of Thrombus Material for Vascular Implant and Device Design.
Abstract A thrombus or blood clot is a solid mass, made up of a network of fibrin, platelets and other blood components. Blood clots can form through various pathways, for example as a result of exposed tissue factor from vascular injury, as a result of low flow/stasis, or in very high shear flow conditions. Embolization of cardiac or vascular originating blood clots, causing an occlusion of the neurovasculature, is the major cause of stroke and accounts for 85% of all stroke. With mechanical thrombectomy emerging as the new standard of care in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), the need to generate a b...
Source: Annals of Biomedical Engineering - August 28, 2017 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Johnson S, Duffy S, Gunning G, Gilvarry M, McGarry JP, McHugh PE Tags: Ann Biomed Eng Source Type: research

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