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A Case of Multiple Sclerosis —Like Relapsing Remitting Encephalomyelitis Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and a Review of the Published Literature
Complications involving the central nervous system (CNS) occur in 9–14% of patients following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), including stroke-like episodes, demyelination, encephalitis, and nonspecific neurological symptoms. Here we report a case of multiple sclerosis (MS) like relapsing remitting encephalomyelitis following allogeneic HSCT, which did not respond to disease modifying therapies (DMTs) and “domino” autologous HSCT. A 53-year-old male was treated with allogeneic HSCT for lymphoid blast transformation of chronic myeloid leukemia. Ten months later he presented with confusion, s...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - May 4, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Central Nervous System Opportunistic Infections
Semin Neurol 2019; 39: 383-390 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1687842Opportunistic infections of the central nervous system are classically associated with immunosuppression arising from infection with human immunodeficiency virus and with various hematologic malignancies. However, over the past few years, they are increasingly associated with transplantation and various immunosuppressive treatments used to treat autoimmune diseases. They cause significant morbidity and mortality and remain a diagnostic challenge due to the absence of typical signs and symptoms of infection and mimicry by various noninfectious causes. The pathogens a...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - August 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Agnihotri, Shruti P. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Neurological Involvement in Primary Systemic Vasculitis
Conclusion Neurological involvement is a common complication of PSV (Table 1), and neurologists play an important role in the identification and diagnosis of PSV patients with otherwise unexplained neurological symptoms as their chief complaint. This article summarizes the neurological manifestations of PSV and hopes to improve neuroscientists' understanding of this broad range of diseases. TABLE 1 Table 1. Common CNS and PNS involvements of primary systemic vasculitis. Author Contributions SZ conceived the article and wrote the manuscript. DY and GT reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 25, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Cryptotanshinone Attenuates Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/ Recovery-Induced Injury in an in vitro Model of Neurovascular Unit
Conclusions Despite the above limitations, we indicate that the protective mechanism of CTs against OGD/R damage might exert via inhibiting neuron apoptosis and attenuating BBB disruption. Furthermore, we also clarified that CTs inhibited neuronal apoptosis possibly by blocking the activation of MAPK signaling pathways, and CTs alleviating BBB disruption may associated with the regulation of TJPs and MMP-9 in our experiment. Accordingly, CTs will represent a novel and potent candidate for the treatment of CIRI in the future. Ethics Statement This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of China�...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 17, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Rapidly Progressive Intracranial Vasculopathy in Graft Versus Host Disease
We report a previously undescribed noninflammatory vasculopathy causing multifocal intracranial arterial occlusions and cerebral infarctions in a man following allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, which we propose to be a central nervous system manifestation of graft versus host disease.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - March 12, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Theodore Bowen, Shawn A. Silver, Cathy Sila Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Severe Symptoms, but a Truly Treatable Disease
​BY NOURA MAHDI; DARRON LEWIS; JEREMY OSBORNE; & AHMED RAZIUDDIN, MDA 73-year-old man was brought to the emergency department from his nursing home for rectal bleeding and anemia. The patient mentioned he had had episodes of bright red rectal bleeding and constipation for a few months. A colonoscopy had been done prior to the visit, which revealed a large intestine tumor and biopsy confirming adenocarcinoma. He was awaiting an appointment with his surgeon.The patient reported bloody rectal leakage, and a CBC done at the nursing home showed a hemoglobin level of 7.2. He also complained of dyspnea but denied any other ...
Source: The Case Files - March 20, 2018 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Blog Posts Source Type: research

Case report: Central nervous system involvement of human graft versus host diseaseReport of 7 cases and a review of literature
We report 7 cases of CNS-GvHD among which two had histological-proven disease. We reviewed 32 additional cases of CNS GvHD published in literature since 1990. In this cohort, 34 patients were transplanted for hematologic malignancies, and 5 for non-malignant hematopoiesis disorders. Of these patients, 25 had a history of chronic GvHD and immunosuppressive treatment had been decreased or discontinued in 14 patients before neurological symptoms onset. Median neurological disorder onset was 385 days [7-7320]. Patients had stroke-like episodes (n = 7), lacunar syndromes (n = 3), multiple sclerosis-like presentations (n...
Source: Medicine - October 1, 2017 Category: Internal Medicine Tags: Research Article: Clinical Case Report Source Type: research

Transmission of Balamuthia mandrillaris by Organ Transplantation
Conclusions. Balamuthia can be transmitted through organ transplantation with an observed incubation time of 17–24 days. Clinicians should be aware of Balamuthia as a cause of encephalitis with high rate of fatality, and should notify public health departments and evaluate transplant recipients from donors with signs of possible encephalitis to facilitate early diagnosis and targeted treatment. Organ procurement organizations and transplant centers should be aware of the potential for Balamuthia infection in donors with possible encephalitis and also assess donors carefully for signs of neurologic infection that...
Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases - September 11, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Farnon, E. C., Kokko, K. E., Budge, P. J., Mbaeyi, C., Lutterloh, E. C., Qvarnstrom, Y., da Silva, A. J., Shieh, W.-J., Roy, S. L., Paddock, C. D., Sriram, R., Zaki, S. R., Visvesvara, G. S., Kuehnert, M. J., for the Balamuthia Transplant Investigation Te Tags: ARTICLES AND COMMENTARIES Source Type: research

French Intensive Care Society, International congress - Réanimation 2016.
C, Sauneuf B, Verrier P, Pottier V, Orabona M, Samba D, Viquesnel G, Lermuzeaux M, Hazera P, Hanouz JL, Parienti JJ, Du Cheyron D, Demoule A, Clavel M, Rolland-Debord C, Perbet S, Terzi N, Kouatchet A, Wallet F, Roze H, Vargas F, Guérin C, Dellamonica J, Jaber S, Similowski T, Quenot JP, Binquet C, Vinsonneau C, Barbar SD, Vinault S, Deckert V, Lemaire S, Hssain AA, Bruyère R, Souweine B, Lagrost L, Adrie C, Jung B, Daurat A, De Jong A, Chanques G, Mahul M, Monnin M, Molinari N, Lheureux O, Trepo E, Hites M, Cotton F, Wolff F, Surin R, Créteur J, Vincent JL, Gustot T, Jacobs F, Taccone FS, Neuville M, Timsit JF, El-Hel...
Source: Australian Family Physician - May 31, 2016 Category: Primary Care Authors: Jaillette E, Girault C, Brunin G, Zerimech F, Chiche A, Broucqsault-Dedrie C, Fayolle C, Minacori F, Alves I, Barrailler S, Robriquet L, Delaporte E, Thellier D, Delcourte C, Duhamel A, Nseir S, Valette X, Desmeulles I, Savary B, Masson R, Seguin A, Daubi Tags: Ann Intensive Care Source Type: research