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Total 43 results found since Jan 2013.

Viruses, Vol. 14, Pages 657: HBsAg Loss as a Treatment Endpoint for Chronic HBV Infection: HBV Cure
ung Despite the availability of effective vaccines and antiviral therapy over the past two to three decades, chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major global health threat as a leading cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer. Functional HBV cure defined as hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss and undetectable serum HBV DNA is associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with chronic HBV infection. However, spontaneous loss of HBsAg is rare and occurs in only 1% of all HBsAg-positive individuals annually. Furthermore, the rate of functional cure with currently available antiviral therapy is eve...
Source: Viruses - March 22, 2022 Category: Virology Authors: Maryam Moini Scott Fung Tags: Review Source Type: research

Nucleic Acid-Based Treatments Against COVID-19: Potential Efficacy of Aptamers and siRNAs
Despite significant efforts, there are currently no approved treatments for COVID-19. However, biotechnological approaches appear to be promising in the treatment of the disease. Accordingly, nucleic acid-based treatments including aptamers and siRNAs are candidates that might be effective in COVID-19 treatment. Aptamers can hamper entry and replication stages of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, while siRNAs can cleave the viral genomic and subgenomic RNAs to inhibit the viral life cycle and reduce viral loads. As a conjugated molecule, aptamer–siRNA chimeras have proven to be dual-functioning antiviral therapy, acting both as ...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - November 8, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

GSE179496 Targeting the Viral Suppressor of RNAi Provides a Novel Strategy for Antiviral Therapy
Contributors : Yuan Fang ; Zezhong Liu ; Yang Qiu ; Jing Kong ; Yuhong Fu ; Yujie Liu ; Chong Wang ; Jia Quan ; Qian Wang ; Wei Xu ; Lei Yin ; Jie Cui ; Yi Xu ; Stephen Curry ; Shibo Jiang ; Lu Lu ; Xi ZhouSeries Type : Non-coding RNA profiling by high throughput sequencingOrganism : Enterovirus A71RNA interference (RNAi) is an antiviral immunity conserved in diverse eukaryotes including mammals, while viruses encodes viral suppressors of RNAi (VSRs) as countermeasures. However, the physiological impact of RNAi on viral infection in mammals has not been fully assessed, and it also remains unknown whether antiviral RNAi can...
Source: GEO: Gene Expression Omnibus - July 31, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Non-coding RNA profiling by high throughput sequencing Enterovirus A71 Source Type: research

City of Hope and Griffith University develop direct-acting antiviral to treat COVID-19
(City of Hope) An international team of scientists have developed an experimental direct-acting antiviral therapy to treat COVID-19. Traditional antivirals reduce symptoms and help people recover earlier. This next-generation antiviral approach used gene-silencing RNA technology called siRNA (small-interfering RNA) to attack the virus' genome directly, which stops the virus from replicating, as well as lipid nanoparticles designed at Griffith University and City of Hope to deliver the siRNA to the lungs, the critical site of infection.
Source: EurekAlert! - Biology - May 18, 2021 Category: Biology Source Type: news

Immediately early 2 (IE-2) and DNA polymerase SiRNA as virus-specific antiviral against novel transplacental cytomegalovirus strain ALL-03 in vitro
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study clearly highlighted the feasibility of RNAi as an alternative antiviral therapy that could lead to controlling the CMV infection.PMID:33640483 | DOI:10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104783
Source: Infection, Genetics and Evolution - February 28, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Krishnan Nair Balakrishnan Ashwaq Ahmed Abdullah Jamilu Abubakar Bala Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse Che Azurahanim Che Abdullah Mustapha Mohamed Noordin Mohd Lila Mohd-Azmi Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 12, Pages 1189: Are Viral Vectors Any Good for RNAi Antiviral Therapy?
m RNA interference (RNAi) represents a novel approach for alternative antiviral therapy. However, issues related to RNA delivery and stability have presented serious obstacles for obtaining good therapeutic efficacy. Viral vectors are capable of efficient delivery of RNAi as short interfering RNA (siRNA), short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and micro-RNA (miRNA). Efficacy in gene silencing for therapeutic applications against viral diseases has been demonstrated in various animal models. Rotavirus (RV) miR-7 can inhibit rotavirus replication by targeting the RV nonstructural protein 5. Viral gene silencing by targeting the RNAi ...
Source: Viruses - October 20, 2020 Category: Virology Authors: Kenneth Lundstrom Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Enzymatically synthesized 2′-fluoro-modified Dicer-substrate siRNA swarms against herpes simplex virus demonstrate enhanced antiviral efficacy and low cytotoxicity
Publication date: October 2020Source: Antiviral Research, Volume 182Author(s): Alesia A. Levanova, Kiira M. Kalke, Liisa M. Lund, Nina Sipari, Mohammadreza Sadeghi, Marie C. Nyman, Henrik Paavilainen, Veijo Hukkanen, Minna M. Poranen
Source: Antiviral Therapy - August 27, 2020 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 12, Pages 924: Viral Vectors Applied for RNAi-Based Antiviral Therapy
m RNA interference (RNAi) provides the means for alternative antiviral therapy. Delivery of RNAi in the form of short interfering RNA (siRNA), short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and micro-RNA (miRNA) have demonstrated efficacy in gene silencing for therapeutic applications against viral diseases. Bioinformatics has played an important role in the design of efficient RNAi sequences targeting various pathogenic viruses. However, stability and delivery of RNAi molecules have presented serious obstacles for reaching therapeutic efficacy. For this reason, RNA modifications and formulation of nanoparticles have proven useful for non-...
Source: Viruses - August 22, 2020 Category: Virology Authors: Kenneth Lundstrom Tags: Review Source Type: research

Enzymatically synthesized 2'-fluoro-modified Dicer-substrate siRNA swarms against herpes simplex virus demonstrate enhanced antiviral efficacy and low cytotoxicity
Publication date: Available online 13 August 2020Source: Antiviral ResearchAuthor(s): Alesia A. Levanova, Kiira M. Kalke, Liisa M. Lund, Nina Sipari, Mohammadreza Sadeghi, Marie C. Nyman, Henrik Paavilainen, Veijo Hukkanen, Minna M. Poranen
Source: Antiviral Therapy - August 14, 2020 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Host-Directed Antiviral Therapy.
Abstract SUMMARYAntiviral drugs have traditionally been developed by directly targeting essential viral components. However, this strategy often fails due to the rapid generation of drug-resistant viruses. Recent genome-wide approaches, such as those employing small interfering RNA (siRNA) or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) or those using small molecule chemical inhibitors targeting the cellular "kinome," have been used successfully to identify cellular factors that can support virus replication. Since some of these cellular factors are critical for virus replication, but are dis...
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - May 16, 2020 Category: Microbiology Authors: Kumar N, Sharma S, Kumar R, Tripathi BN, Barua S, Ly H, Rouse BT Tags: Clin Microbiol Rev Source Type: research

Influenza virus NS1- C/EBPβ gene regulatory complex inhibits RIG-I transcription
Publication date: Available online 21 February 2020Source: Antiviral ResearchAuthor(s): Rashmi Kumari, Zhu Guo, Amrita Kumar, Mayim Wiens, Shivaprakash Gangappa, Jacqueline M. Katz, Nancy J. Cox, Renu B. Lal, Devanand Sarkar, Paul B. Fisher, Adolfo García-Sastre, Takashi Fujita, Vijay Kumar, Suryaprakash Sambhara, Priya Ranjan, Sunil K. LalAbstractInfluenza virus non-structural protein 1 (NS1) counteracts host antiviral innate immune responses by inhibiting Retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) activation. However, whether NS1 also specifically regulates RIG-I transcription is unknown. Here, we identify a CCAAT/Enhancer ...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - February 23, 2020 Category: Virology Source Type: research

The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling in HSV-1-infected human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
Abstract Infections with the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) are common and widespread. Most infections remain undetected but severe forms may develop in newborns and in immunocompromised patients. Moreover, HSV-1 might be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, which may include viral infection of the endothelium. Antiviral therapy is efficient to treat symptomatic patients. However, an increasing accumulation of resistance-associated mutations has been observed in the viral genome. Thus, new antiviral strategies are focused on host factors. Among others, signaling of bioactive sphingolipids seems to...
Source: Virus Research - December 6, 2019 Category: Virology Authors: Graber K, Khan F, Glück B, Weigel C, Marzo S, Doshi H, Ehrhardt C, Heller R, Gräler M, Henke A Tags: Virus Res Source Type: research

Susceptibility of Enterovirus-D68 to RNAi-mediated antiviral knockdown
Publication date: Available online 20 July 2019Source: Antiviral ResearchAuthor(s): Nicholas Klaiber, Michael A. McVoy, Wei ZhaoAbstractEnterovirus D68 (EV-D68) represents an emerging pathogen which has demonstrated a capacity for causing epidemic illness in pediatric and immunocompromised patients. With no effective antiviral treatment available, therapeutic interventions are currently limited to supportive care. Utilizing available genomic sequences from the 2014 B3 Epidemic EV-D68 clade and the 1962 Fermon EV-D68 strains, we performed in silico comparative genomic analysis, identifying several islands of phylogenetic co...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - July 21, 2019 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Small molecule ONC201 inhibits HIV-1 replication in macrophages via FOXO3a and TRAIL
Publication date: Available online 31 May 2019Source: Antiviral ResearchAuthor(s): Runze Zhao, Yuju Li, Santhi Gorantla, Larisa Y. Poluektova, Hai Lin, Fengtong Gao, Hongyun Wang, Jeffrey Zhao, Jialin C. Zheng, Yunlong HuangAbstractDespite the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), eradication of HIV-1 from brain reservoirs remains elusive. HIV-1 brain reservoirs include perivascular macrophages that are behind the blood-brain barrier and difficult to access by ART. Macrophages express transcription factor FOXO3a and the TNF superfamily cytokine TRAIL, which are known to target HIV-1-infected macrophages for viral inhibi...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - June 1, 2019 Category: Virology Source Type: research