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Total 41 results found since Jan 2013.

 In vitro knockdown of Ts DNase II-7 suppresses Trichinella spiralis invasion into the host ’s intestinal epithelial cells
This study aimed to use RNA interference to verify our speculation thatTsDNase II-7 in 3-day old adultT.spiralis (Ad3) plays a role in intestinal invasion.TsDNase II-7-specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were delivered into muscle larvae (MLs) to knockdownTsDNase II-7 expression by electroporation. Twenty-four hours later, the MLs transfected with 2 μM siRNA-841 exhibited decreased inTsDNase II-7 transcription and expression as compared to the control MLs. The knockdown ofTsDNase II-7 expression did not affect ML viability, and the low expression ofTsDNase II-7 still maintained in Ad3 recovered fromTsDNase II-7-RNAi-...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - June 8, 2023 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Jing Wang Source Type: research

Transcriptomic and small RNA response to Mayaro virus infection in Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes
In this study we detail the transcriptomic and small RNA responses ofAn.stephensi to infection with MAYV via infectious bloodmeal at 2, 7, and 14 days post infection (dpi). 487 unique transcripts were significantly regulated, 78 putative novel miRNAs were identified, and an siRNA response is observed targeting the MAYV genome. Gene ontology analysis of transcripts regulated at each timepoint shows a number of proteases regulated at 2 and 7 dpi, potentially representative of Toll or melanization pathway activation, and repression of pathways related to autophagy and apoptosis at 14 dpi. These findings provide a basic unders...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - June 28, 2022 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Cory Henderson Source Type: research

 Trichinella spiralis : Knockdown of gamma interferon inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) results in the reduction of worm burden
by Hong Fei, Muhammad Ali-ul-Husnain Naqvi, Sana Zahra Naqvi, Lixin Xu, Xiaokai Song, Xiangrui Li, Ruofeng YanTrichinella spiralis is mammalian skeletal muscles parasite which may cause trichinellosis in animals and humans. Gamma interferon inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a widespread superfamily which plays key role in processing and presentation of MHC class II restricted antigen by catalyzing disulfide bond reduction. There are no reports about GILT inT.spiralis. In present study, GILT fromT.spiralis (Tsp-GILT) was cloned, analyzed by multiple-sequence alignment, and predicted by 3D structure model. Recomb...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - November 30, 2021 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Hong Fei Source Type: research

PIWI silencing mechanism involving the retrotransposon nimbus orchestrates resistance to infection with Schistosoma mansoni in the snail vector, Biomphalaria glabrata 
Conclusions and significanceThese findings support a role for the interplay ofBgPiwi andnimbus in the epigenetic modulation of plasticity of resistance/susceptibility in the snail-schistosome relationship.
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - September 8, 2021 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Michael Smith Source Type: research

Characterization of a dual-action adulticidal and larvicidal interfering RNA pesticide targeting the Shaker gene of multiple disease vector mosquitoes
by Keshava Mysore, Limb K. Hapairai, Longhua Sun, Ping Li, Chien-Wei Wang, Nicholas D. Scheel, Alexandra Lesnik, Jessica Igiede, Max P. Scheel, Na Wei, David W. Severson, Molly Duman-Scheel The existing mosquito pesticide repertoire faces great challenges to sustainability, and new classes of pesticides are vitally needed to address established and emerging mosquito-borne infectious diseases. RNA interference- (RNAi-) based pesticides are emerging as a promising new biorational mosqu ito control strategy. In this investigation, we describe characterization of an interfering RNA pesticide (IRP) corresponding to the mosquit...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - July 19, 2020 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Keshava Mysore Source Type: research

Inhibition of ABL1 tyrosine kinase reduces HTLV-1 proviral loads in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis
by Daisuke Kodama, Masakazu Tanaka, Toshio Matsuzaki, Kimiko Izumo, Nobuaki Nakano, Eiji Matsuura, Mineki Saito, Masahiro Nagai, Masahisa Horiuchi, Atae Utsunomiya, Hiroshi Takashima, Ryuji Kubota, Shuji Izumo Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) causes incurable adult T-cell leukemia and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Patients with HAM/TSP have increased levels of HTLV-1-infected cells compared with asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers. However, the roles of cellula r genes in HTLV-1-infected CD4+ T cells await discovery. We performed microarray analysis of CD4+ T cells from HAM/TSP p...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - July 14, 2020 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Daisuke Kodama Source Type: research

Molecular characterization of a Trichinella spiralis aspartic protease and its facilitation role in larval invasion of host intestinal epithelial cells
ConclusionsrTsASP2 possesses the enzymatic activity of native aspartic protease and facilitatesT.spiralis invasion of host IECs.
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - April 26, 2020 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Jia Xu Source Type: research

Epigenetic regulation of defense genes by histone deacetylase1 in human cell line-derived macrophages promotes intracellular survival of Leishmania donovani 
by Gargi Roy, Harsimran Kaur Brar, Rohini Muthuswami, Rentala MadhubalaLeishmania donovani, an intracellular protozoan parasite upon infection, encounters a range of antimicrobial factors within the host cells. Consequently, the parasite has evolved mechanisms to evade this hostile defense system through inhibition of macrophage activation that, in turn, enables parasite replication and survival. There is growing evidence that epigenetic down-regulation of the host genome by intracellular pathogens leads to acute infection. Epigenetic modification is mediated by chromatin remodeling, histone modifications, or DNA methylati...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - April 9, 2020 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Gargi Roy Source Type: research

Intestinal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase as a potential target for the treatment and prevention of lymphatic filariasis
by Alexander F. Flynn, M. Gordon Joyce, Rebekah T. Taylor, Sasisekhar Bennuru, Alyssa R. Lindrose, Spencer L. Sterling, C. Paul Morris, Thomas B. Nutman, Edward Mitre Lymphatic filariasis (LF), a morbid disease caused by the tissue-invasive nematodesWuchereria bancrofti,Brugia malayi, andBrugia timori, affects millions of people worldwide. Global eradication efforts have significantly reduced worldwide prevalence, but complete elimination has been hampered by limitations of current anti-filarial drugs and the lack of a vaccine. The goal of this study was to evaluateB.malayi intestinal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (Bm-UGT) ...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - September 11, 2019 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Alexander F. Flynn Source Type: research

Chikungunya virus requires cellular chloride channels for efficient genome replication
In this study, we investigated the role of host-cell chloride (Cl-) channels on CHIKV replication.We demonstrate that specific pharmacological Cl- channel inhibitors significantly inhibit CHIKV replication in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that Cl-channels are pro-viral factors in human cells. Further analysis of the effect of the inhibitors on CHIKV attachment, entry, viral protein expression and replicon replication demonstrated that Cl- channels are specifically required for efficient CHIKV genome replication. This was conserved in mosquito cells, where CHIKV replication and genome copy number was significantly red...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - September 3, 2019 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Marietta M üller Source Type: research

Macropinocytosis Dependent Entry of Chikungunya Virus into Human Muscle Cells
This study shows for the first time, that the infectious entry of CHIKV into human muscle cells is mediated by macropinocytosis. Together, the da ta from this study may pave the way for the development of specific inhibitors that target the entry process of CHIKV into cells.
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - August 25, 2019 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Ching Hua, Regina Lee Source Type: research

Flagellin-independent effects of a Toll-like receptor 5 polymorphism in the inflammatory response to Burkholderia pseudomallei 
Conclusions/SignificanceThe effects of the common nonsenseTLR5:c.1174C>T polymorphism on the host inflammatory response toB.pseudomallei may not be restricted to flagellin-driven pathways. Moreover, TLR5 may modulate TLR4-dependent cytokine production. While these results may have broader implications for the role of TLR5 in the innate immune response in melioidosis and other conditions, further studies of the mechanisms underlying these observations are required.
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - May 7, 2019 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Amy K. Dickey Source Type: research

The small non-coding RNA response to virus infection in the Leishmania vector Lutzomyia longipalpis 
by Fl ávia Viana Ferreira, Eric Roberto Guimarães Rocha Aguiar, Roenick Proveti Olmo, Karla Pollyanna Vieira de Oliveira, Emanuele Guimarães Silva, Maurício Roberto Viana Sant'Anna, Nelder de Figueiredo Gontijo, Erna Geessien Kroon, Jean Luc Imler, João Trindade Marques Sandflies are well known vectors forLeishmania but also transmit a number of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses). Few studies have addressed the interaction between sandflies and arboviruses. RNA interference (RNAi) mechanisms utilize small non-coding RNAs to regulate different aspects of host-pathogen interactions. The small interfering RNA (siRNA)...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - June 4, 2018 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Fl ávia Viana Ferreira Source Type: research

RNA interference in Fasciola gigantica : Establishing and optimization of experimental RNAi in the newly excysted juveniles of the fluke
by Arun Anandanarayanan, Opinder Krishen Raina, Hniang Lalrinkima, Ajayta Rialch, Muthu Sankar, Anju Varghese Fasciolosis caused byFasciola gigantica is a neglected tropical disease but a constraint on the growth and productivity of cattle, buffaloes and sheep in the tropical countries of Asia and Africa. Resistance to commonly used anthelmintics inFasciola has increased the need to search for alternative therapeutic targets. RNA interference is the current tool of choice in the search for such targets inFasciola. The susceptibility of juvenileFasciola hepatica to double stranded (ds) RNA induced RNAi has been established...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - December 12, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Arun Anandanarayanan Source Type: research

Characterization of the Zika virus induced small RNA response in Aedes aegypti cells
by Margus Varjak, Claire L. Donald, Timothy J. Mottram, Vattipally B. Sreenu, Andres Merits, Kevin Maringer, Esther Schnettler, Alain Kohl RNA interference (RNAi) controls arbovirus infections in mosquitoes. Two different RNAi pathways are involved in antiviral responses: the PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) and exogenous short interfering RNA (exo-siRNA) pathways, which are characterized by the production of virus-derived small RNAs of 25–29 and 21 nucleotides, respectively. The exo-siRNA pathway is considered to be the key mosquito antiviral response mechanism. InAedes aegypti-derived cells, Zika virus (ZIKV)-specific siR...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - October 17, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Margus Varjak Source Type: research

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