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Specialty: Emergency Medicine
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Total 26 results found since Jan 2013.
The wnk4/spak pathway stimulates alveolar fluid clearance by upregulation of epithelial sodium channel in mice with lipopolysaccharide-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome
With-No lysine Kinases (WNKs) have been newly implicated in alveolar fluid clearance (AFC). Epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) serve a vital role in AFC. The potential protective effect of WNK4 in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), mediated by ENaC-associated AFC was investigated in the study. A model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS was established in C57BL/6 mice. WNK4, Sterile 20-related proline-alanine-rich kinase (SPAK), small interfering RNA (siRNA)-WNK4 or siRNA-SPAK were transfected into mouse lung or primary alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells. AFC, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung histo...
Source: Shock - July 1, 2022 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Basic Science Aspects Source Type: research
Activation of the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (mavs) following liver ischemia/reperfusion and its effect on inflammation and injury
Resuscitation of trauma patients after hemorrhagic shock causes global I/R, which may contribute to organ dysfunction. Oxidative stress resulting from I/R is known to induce signaling pathways leading to the production of inflammatory molecules culminating in organ dysfunction/injury. Our recent work demonstrated that oxidative stress was able to induce activation of the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), a protein known to be involved in antiviral immunity, in an in vitro model. We therefore hypothesized that the MAVS pathway might be involved in I/R-induced inflammation and injury. The present studies show...
Source: Shock - July 1, 2022 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Basic Science Aspects Source Type: research
Exosomal Transfer of DNA Methyl-Transferase mRNA Induces an Immunosuppressive Phenotype in Human Monocytes
Conclusion:
These data support a role for exosome-mediated transfer of DNMT mRNA with resultant methylation and gene silencing. Pharmacologic uptake inhibition or targeted siRNA mediated DNMT gene silencing prevented DNMT mRNA transfer and maintained the cell's ability to express TNFα in response to LPS. This highlights the potential therapeutic value of targeting these exosome-mediated epigenetic events to maintain the host immune response during sepsis.
Source: Shock - June 1, 2022 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Clinical Aspects (Human Subjects) Source Type: research
Patho-Mechanisms for Hemorrhage/Sepsis-Induced Indirect Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Role for Lung TIE1 and Its Regulation by Neutrophils
Conclusion:
Together, these data imply that shock-induced increased expression of Tie1 can contribute to EC activation by inhibiting Ang:Tie2 interaction, culminating in EC dysfunction and the development of iARDS.
Source: Shock - March 16, 2022 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Basic Science Aspects Source Type: research
KLF6 Promotes Pyroptosis of Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells in Septic Acute Kidney Injury
Septic acute kidney injury (SAKI) represents a clinical challenge with high morbidity and mortality. The current study aimed to analyze the effects and molecular mechanism of Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) on SAKI. First, SAKI mouse models were established by cecum ligation and puncture, while in vivo cell models were established using lipopolysaccharide (LPS). RT-qPCR assay was subsequently performed to detect the levels of KLF6 mRNA. SAKI mice and LPS-treated TCMK-1 cells were further treated with KLF6 siRNA. Afterward, HE staining, PAS staining, Western blot assay, and ELISA were adopted to ascertain the effects of KLF6 ...
Source: Shock - March 1, 2022 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Basic Science Aspects Source Type: research
MEF2D Participates in Microglia-Mediated Neuroprotection in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Rats
Conclusion:
These results indicate that MEF2D is a necessary molecule for neuroinflammation regulation and neuronal injury in cerebral ischemia.
Source: Shock - December 17, 2021 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Basic Science Aspects Source Type: research
Fibrinogen Activates PAK1/Cofilin Signaling Pathway to Protect Endothelial Barrier Integrity
Conclusion:
We have identified a novel pathway by which fibrinogen activates PAK1 signaling to stimulate/dephosphorylate cofilin, leading to disassembly of stress fibers and reduction of endothelial permeability.
Source: Shock - April 21, 2021 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Basic Science Aspects Source Type: research
ERK1/2 Has Divergent Roles in LPS-Induced Microvascular Endothelial Cell Cytokine Production and Permeability
Endothelial cells play a major role in inflammatory responses to infection and sterile injury. Endothelial cells express Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and are activated by LPS to express inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, and to undergo functional changes, including increased permeability. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) mediates pro-inflammatory signaling in monocytes and macrophages, but the role of ERK1/2 in LPS-induced activation of microvascular endothelial cells has not been defined. We therefore studied the role of ERK1/2 in LPS-induced inflammatory activation and permeability of primary human...
Source: Shock - February 12, 2021 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Basic Science Aspects Source Type: research
Critical Role of Mortalin/GRP75 in Endothelial Cell Dysfunction Associated with Acute Lung Injury
In this study, we sought to determine the role of mortalin/GRP75 in mediating vascular inflammation and permeability linked to the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). In an aerosolized bacterial lipopolysaccharide inhalation mouse model of ALI, we found that administration of mortalin/GRP75 inhibitor mean kinetic temperature-077, both prophylactically and therapeutically, protected against polymorphonuclear leukocytes influx into alveolar airspaces, microvascular leakage, and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1β, E-selectin, and tumor necrosis factor TNFα. Consistent with this, thrombin-in...
Source: Shock - July 30, 2020 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Basic Science Aspects Source Type: research
LncRNA-Ang362 Promotes Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension by Regulating miR-221 and miR-222
Conclusion:
Lnc-Ang362 played an important role in regulating the biological function of HPASMCs by promoting miR-221 and miR-222. Lnc-Ang362 thus may be a novel therapeutic lncRNA candidate for treating PAH.
Source: Shock - May 16, 2020 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Clinical Science Aspects Source Type: research
Stem Cell Therapy and Hydrogen Sulfide: Conventional or Nonconventional Mechanisms of Action?
Conclusions:
Knocking down conventional H2S-producing enzymes only impacted gas production in normoxic conditions. When cells were transfected in hypoxic conditions, as would be expected in the ischemic intestines, H2S gas was not depressed. These data, along with unchanged perfusion and histological injury parameters with conventional enzyme knockdown, would indicate that alternative H2S production pathways may be initiated during hypoxic and/or ischemic events.
Source: Shock - May 16, 2020 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Basic Science Aspects Source Type: research
Histone Deacetylase 7 Inhibition in a Murine Model of Gram-Negative Pneumonia-Induced Acute Lung Injury
Conclusion:
HDAC7 appears to play a key role in the inflammatory response that leads to ALI after gram-negative pneumonia in mice.
Source: Shock - February 12, 2020 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Basic Science Aspects Source Type: research
DC-SIGN Expression in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Regulates Sepsis-Associated Acute Intestinal Injury Via Activating ERK1/2-NF-κB/P65 Signaling
Conclusions:
Sepsis-induced DC-SIGN expression in IECs plays a significant role in regulating acute intestinal injury and systemic inflammatory response. The inhibition of DC-SIGN exhibited protective effects on sepsis-associated organ injury and systemic inflammation.
Source: Shock - September 17, 2019 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Basic Science Aspects Source Type: research
Total Salvianolic Acid Injection Prevents Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Myocardial Injury Via Antioxidant Mechanism Involving Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Through the Upregulation of Sirtuin1 and Sirtuin3
Sirtuin1 (Sirt1) and Sirtuin3 (Sirt3) are known to participate in regulating mitochondrial function. However, whether Total Salvianolic Acid Injection (TSI) protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury through regulating Sirt1, Sirt3, and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes is unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of TSI on I/R-induced myocardial injury and the underlying mechanism. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to 30 min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by 90 min reperfusion with or without TSI treatment (8 mg/kg/h). The results...
Source: Shock - May 15, 2019 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Basic Science Aspects Source Type: research
Herpes Virus Entry Mediator (HVEM) Expression Promotes Inflammation/ Organ Injury in Response to Experimental Indirect-Acute Lung Injury
Therapeutic interventions to treat acute lung injury (ALI) remain largely limited to lung-protective strategies, as a real molecular pathophysiologically driven therapeutic intervention has yet to become available. While we have previously documented the expression of herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) on leukocytes of septic mice and critically ill patients, its functional role in shock/sepsis-induced ALI has not yet been studied. Inasmuch, a murine model of indirect ALI (iALI) was induced by hemorrhagic shock (HEM) followed by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), septic challenge and HVEM-siRNA or phosphate buffered saline...
Source: Shock - March 14, 2019 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Basic Science Aspects Source Type: research
