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Source: PLoS Genetics

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Total 46 results found since Jan 2013.

Conserved NIMA kinases regulate multiple steps of endocytic trafficking
by Braveen B. Joseph, Naava Naslavsky, Shaonil Binti, Sylvia Conquest, Lexi Robison, Ge Bai, Rafael O. Homer, Barth D. Grant, Steve Caplan, David S. Fay Human NIMA-related kinases have primarily been studied for their roles in cell cycle progression (NEK1/2/6/7/9), checkpoint –DNA-damage control (NEK1/2/4/5/10/11), and ciliogenesis (NEK1/4/8). We previously showed thatCaenorhabditis elegans NEKL-2 (NEK8/9 homolog) and NEKL-3 (NEK6/7 homolog) regulate apical clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) in the worm epidermis and are essential for molting. Here we show that NEKL-2 and NEKL-3 also have distinct roles in controlling ...
Source: PLoS Genetics - April 26, 2023 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Braveen B. Joseph Source Type: research

The N-terminal extension of Arabidopsis ARGONAUTE 1 is essential for microRNA activities
by Ye Xu, Yong Zhang, Zhenfang Li, Alyssa K. Soloria, Savannah Potter, Xuemei Chen microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate target gene expression through their ARGONAUTE (AGO) effector protein, mainly AGO1 inArabidopsis thaliana. In addition to the highly conserved N, PAZ, MID and PIWI domains with known roles in RNA silencing, AGO1 contains a long, unstructured N-terminal extension (NTE) of little-known function. Here, we show that the NTE is indispensable for the functions of Arabidopsis AGO1, as a lack of the NTE leads to seedling lethality. Within the NTE, the region containing amino acids (a.a.) 91 to 189 is essential for rescui...
Source: PLoS Genetics - March 8, 2023 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Ye Xu Source Type: research

An enhancer screen identifies new suppressors of small-RNA-mediated epigenetic gene silencing
by Yukiko Shimada, Sarah H. Carl, Merle Skribbe, Valentin Flury, Tahsin Kuzdere, Georg Kempf, Marc B ühler Small non-protein coding RNAs are involved in pathways that control the genome at the level of chromatin. InSchizosaccharomyces pombe, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are required for the faithful propagation of heterochromatin that is found at peri-centromeric repeats. In contrast to repetitive DNA, protein-coding genes are refractory to siRNA-mediated heterochromatin formation, unless siRNAs are expressed in mutant cells. Here we report the identification of 20 novel mutant alleles that enablede novo formation of ...
Source: PLoS Genetics - June 22, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Yukiko Shimada Source Type: research

Functional lability of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases in animals
by Natalia Pinz ón, Stéphanie Bertrand, Lucie Subirana, Isabelle Busseau, Hector Escrivá, Hervé Seitz RNA interference (RNAi) requires RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRPs) in many eukaryotes, and RNAi amplification constitutes the only known function for eukaryotic RdRPs. Yet in animals, classical model organisms can elicit RNAi without possessing RdRPs, and only nematode RNAi was shown to requir e RdRPs. Here we show that RdRP genes are much more common in animals than previously thought, even in insects, where they had been assumed not to exist. RdRP genes were present in the ancestors of numerous clades, and they ...
Source: PLoS Genetics - February 19, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Natalia Pinz ón Source Type: research

Tissue- and sex-specific small RNAomes reveal sex differences in response to the environment
This study provides important sex- and tissue-specific expression data of miRNA, piRNA and siRNA as well as mechanistic insights into sex-differences of gene regulation in response to environmental cues.
Source: PLoS Genetics - February 8, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Alexandra Bezler Source Type: research

The complex architecture and epigenomic impact of plant T-DNA insertions
This study provides new insights into the structural impact of inserting foreign fragments into plant genomes and demonstrates the utility of state-of-the-art long-range sequencing technologies to rapidly identify unanticipated genomic changes.
Source: PLoS Genetics - January 18, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Florian Jupe Source Type: research

Synaptogyrin-2 influences replication of Porcine circovirus 2
by Lianna R. Walker, Taylor B. Engle, Hiep Vu, Emily R. Tosky, Dan J. Nonneman, Timothy P. L. Smith, Tudor Borza, Thomas E. Burkey, Graham S. Plastow, Stephen D. Kachman, Daniel C. Ciobanu Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is a circular single-stranded DNA virus responsible for a group of diseases collectively known as PCV2 Associated Diseases (PCVAD). Variation in the incidence and severity of PCVAD exists between pigs suggesting a host genetic component involved in pathogenesis. A large -scale genome-wide association study of experimentally infected pigs (n = 974), provided evidence of a host genetic role in PCV2 viremia, imm...
Source: PLoS Genetics - October 31, 2018 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Lianna R. Walker Source Type: research

Mutation in the intracellular chloride channel CLCC1 associated with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa
by Lin Li, Xiaodong Jiao, Ilaria D ’Atri, Fumihito Ono, Ralph Nelson, Chi-Chao Chan, Naoki Nakaya, Zhiwei Ma, Yan Ma, Xiaoying Cai, Longhua Zhang, Siying Lin, Abdul Hameed, Barry A. Chioza, Holly Hardy, Gavin Arno, Sarah Hull, Muhammad Imran Khan, James Fasham, Gaurav V. Harlalka, Michel Michaelides, Anthony T. Moore, Zeynep Hande Coban Akdemir, Shalini Jhangiani, James R. Lupski, Frans P. M. Cremers, Raheel Qamar, Ahmed Salman, John Chilton, Jay Self, Radha Ayyagari, Firoz Kabir, Muhammad Asif Naeem, Muhammad Ali, Javed Akram, Paul A. Sieving, Sheikh Riazuddin, Emma L. Baple, S. Amer Riazuddin, Andrew H. Crosby, J. Fiel...
Source: PLoS Genetics - August 29, 2018 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Lin Li Source Type: research

House dust mites use a plant-like siRNA pathway to silence transposable elements
by Lichao Li, Weifeng Gu
Source: PLoS Genetics - April 5, 2018 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Lichao Li Source Type: research

Novel function of HATs and HDACs in homologous recombination through acetylation of human RAD52 at double-strand break sites
by Takeshi Yasuda, Wataru Kagawa, Tomoo Ogi, Takamitsu A. Kato, Takehiro Suzuki, Naoshi Dohmae, Kazuya Takizawa, Yuka Nakazawa, Matthew D. Genet, Mika Saotome, Michio Hama, Teruaki Konishi, Nakako Izumi Nakajima, Masaharu Hazawa, Masanori Tomita, Manabu Koike, Katsuko Noshiro, Kenichi Tomiyama, Chizuka Obara, Takaya Gotoh, Ayako Ui, Akira Fujimori, Fumiaki Nakayama, Fumio Hanaoka, Kaoru Sugasawa, Ryuichi Okayasu, Penny A. Jeggo, Katsushi Tajima The p300 and CBP histone acetyltransferases are recruited to DNA double-strand break (DSB) sites where they induce histone acetylation, thereby influencing the chromatin structure ...
Source: PLoS Genetics - March 28, 2018 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Takeshi Yasuda Source Type: research

Shared genetic regulatory networks for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in multiple populations of diverse ethnicities in the United States
by Le Shu, Kei Hang K. Chan, Guanglin Zhang, Tianxiao Huan, Zeyneb Kurt, Yuqi Zhao, Veronica Codoni, David-Alexandre Tr égouët, Cardiogenics Consortium , Jun Yang, James G. Wilson, Xi Luo, Daniel Levy, Aldons J. Lusis, Simin Liu, Xia Yang Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are closely interrelated complex diseases likely sharing overlapping pathogenesis driven by aberrant activities in gene networks. However, the molecular circuitries underlying the pathogenic commonalities remain poorly understood. We sought t o identify the shared gene networks and their key intervening drivers for both CVD and T2...
Source: PLoS Genetics - September 28, 2017 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Le Shu Source Type: research

The adiponectin receptor AdipoR2 and its < i > Caenorhabditis elegans < /i > homolog PAQR-2 prevent membrane rigidification by exogenous saturated fatty acids
by Ranjan Devkota, Emma Svensk, Mario Ruiz, Marcus St åhlman, Jan Borén, Marc Pilon Dietary fatty acids can be incorporated directly into phospholipids. This poses a specific challenge to cellular membranes since their composition, hence properties, could greatly vary with different diets. That vast variations in diets are tolerated therefore implies the existence of regulatory m echanisms that monitor and regulate membrane compositions. Here we show that the adiponectin receptor AdipoR2, and itsC.elegans homolog PAQR-2, are essential to counter the membrane rigidifying effects of exogenously provided saturated fatty ac...
Source: PLoS Genetics - September 8, 2017 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Ranjan Devkota Source Type: research

A ‘synthetic-sickness’ screen for senescence re-engagement targets in mutant cancer backgrounds
by Claire J. Cairney, Lauren S. Godwin, Alan E. Bilsland, Sharon Burns, Katrina H. Stevenson, Lynn McGarry, John Revie, Jon D. Moore, Ceri M. Wiggins, Rebecca S. Collinson, Clare Mudd, Elpida Tsonou, Mahito Sadaie, Dorothy C. Bennett, Masashi Narita, Christopher J. Torrance, W. Nicol Keith Senescence is a universal barrier to immortalisation and tumorigenesis. As such, interest in the use of senescence-induction in a therapeutic context has been gaining momentum in the past few years; however, senescence and immortalisation remain underserved areas for drug discovery owing to a lack of robust senescence inducing agents an...
Source: PLoS Genetics - August 14, 2017 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Claire J. Cairney Source Type: research

Splicing stimulates siRNA formation at < i > Drosophila < /i > DNA double-strand breaks
by Karin Merk, Marco Breinig, Romy B öttcher, Stefan Krebs, Helmut Blum, Michael Boutros, Klaus Förstemann DNA double-strand breaks trigger the production of locus-derived siRNAs in fruit flies, human cells and plants. At least in flies, their biogenesis depends on active transcription running towards the break. Since siRNAs derive from a double-stranded RNA precursor, a major question is how broken DN A ends can generate matching sense and antisense transcripts. We performed a genome-wide RNAi-screen in culturedDrosophila cells, which revealed that in addition to DNA repair factors, many spliceosome components are requ...
Source: PLoS Genetics - June 19, 2017 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Karin Merk Source Type: research

Analysis of DNA polymerase ν function in meiotic recombination, immunoglobulin class-switching, and DNA damage tolerance
We examined the response to DNA crosslinking agents, as purified pol ν has some ability to bypass major groove peptide adducts an d residues of DNA crosslink repair. Inactivation ofPoln in mouse embryonic fibroblasts did not alter cellular sensitivity to mitomycin C, cisplatin, or aldehydes. Depletion ofPOLN from human cells with shRNA or siRNA did not change cellular sensitivity to mitomycin C or alter the frequency of mitomycin C-induced radial chromosomes. Our results suggest a function of pol ν in meiotic homologous recombination in processing specific substrates. The restricted and more recent evolutionary appearanc...
Source: PLoS Genetics - June 1, 2017 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Kei-ichi Takata Source Type: research