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Methamphetamine mediates apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells via the Chop-related endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway
We examined the expression of the apoptosis-related proteins Caspase 3 and PARP after METH treatment in vivo and in vitro and detected the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins. After treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor 4-PBA, changes in the above indicators were examined. C/EBP homologous protein (Chop) expression was also detected, and the relationship between endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis was further determined by siRNA silencing of Chop. The results indicated that METH can induce apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and upregulate the expression of C...
Source: Toxicology Letters - July 2, 2021 Category: Toxicology Authors: Xiaohui Tan Dunpeng Cai Na Chen Sihao Du Dongfang Qiao Xia Yue Tao Wang Jia Li Weibing Xie Huijun Wang Source Type: research

Methamphetamine induces GSDME-dependent cell death in hippocampal neuronal cells through the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway.
Abstract Methamphetamine (METH) is an illegal amphetamine-typed psychostimulant that is abused worldwide and causes serious public health problems. METH exposure induces apoptosis and autophagy in neuronal cells. However, the role of pyroptosis in METH-induced neurotoxicity is still unclear. Here, we investigate whether pyroptosis is involved in METH-induced hippocampal neurotoxicity and the potential mechanisms of Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in hippocampal neuronal cells. For this purpose, the expression levels of pyroptosis-related proteins, GSDMD and GSDME, were analyzed by immunoblotting and immunohistoc...
Source: Brain Research Bulletin - June 12, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Liu Y, Wen D, Gao J, Xie B, Yu H, Shen Q, Zhang J, Jing W, Cong B, Ma C Tags: Brain Res Bull Source Type: research

Connecting Metainflammation and Neuroinflammation Through the PTN-MK-RPTP β/ζ Axis: Relevance in Therapeutic Development
Conclusion The expression of the components of the PTN-MK-RPTPβ/ζ axis in immune cells and in inflammatory diseases suggests important roles for this axis in inflammation. Pleiotrophin has been recently identified as a limiting factor of metainflammation, a chronic pathological state that contributes to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Pleiotrophin also seems to potentiate acute neuroinflammation independently of the inflammatory stimulus while MK seems to play different -even opposite- roles in acute neuroinflammation depending on the stimulus. Which are the functions of MK and PTN in chronic neuroi...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Intestinal CART is a regulator of GIP and GLP-1 secretion and expression
Publication date: Available online 6 April 2018Source: Molecular and Cellular EndocrinologyAuthor(s): L. Shcherbina, A. Lindqvist, A.-H. Thorén Fischer, E. Ahlqvist, E. Zhang, S.E. Falkmer, E. Renström, J. Koffert, H. Honka, N. WierupAbstractImpaired incretin effect is a culprit in Type 2 Diabetes. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is a regulatory peptide controlling pancreatic islet hormone secretion and beta-cell survival. Here we studied the potential expression of CART in enteroendocrine cells and examined the role of CART as a regulator of incretin secretion and expression.CART expression was foun...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology - July 10, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Small Interfering RNA Mediated Knockdown of Irisin Suppresses Food Intake and Modulates Appetite Regulatory Peptides in Zebrafish.
Abstract Irisin is a myokine encoded in fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5). FNDC5 forms an integral part of the muscle post-exercise, and causes an increase in energy expenditure in mammals. Irisin is abundantly expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscles and is secreted upon activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1 alpha). Irisin regulates feeding behaviour and cardiovascular function in mammals. More recently, irisin has gained importance as a potential biomarker for myocardial infarction due to its abundance in cardiac muscle. The goal of this research was ...
Source: General and Comparative Endocrinology - June 27, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Sundarrajan L, Unniappan S Tags: Gen Comp Endocrinol Source Type: research

DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) mediates methamphetamine-induced autophagy and apoptosis through mTOR signaling pathway in cardiomyocytes.
Abstract Methamphetamine (METH) is an amphetamine-like psychostimulant that is commonly abused. Previous studies have shown that METH can induce damages to the nervous system and recent studies suggest that METH can also cause adverse and potentially lethal effects on the cardiovascular system. Recently, we demonstrated that DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) regulates METH-induced neurotoxicity. However, the role of DDIT4 in METH-induced cardiotoxicity remains unknown. We hypothesized that DDIT4 may mediate METH-induced autophagy and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. To test the hypothesis, we examined DDIT4 pr...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - January 26, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Chen R, Wang B, Chen L, Cai D, Li B, Chen C, Huang E, Liu C, Lin Z, Xie WB, Wang H Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

CART attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress response induced by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion through upregulating BDNF synthesis and secretion.
Abstract Cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART), a neuropeptide, has shown strong neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury in vivo and in vitro. Here, we report a new effect of CART on ER stress which is induced by cerebral I/R in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) or by oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) in cultured cortical neurons, as well as a new functionality of BDNF in the neuroprotection by CART against the ER stress in cerebral I/R. The results showed that CART was effective in reducing the neuronal apoptosis and expression of ER str...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - June 13, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Qiu B, Hu S, Liu L, Chen M, Wang L, Zeng X, Zhu S Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research