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Buprenorphine/Naloxone Maintenance Therapy: an Observational Retrospective Report on the Effect of Dose on 18  months Retention in an Office-Based Treatment Program
Conclusions: In an observational retrospective report, retention in treatment of opiate-addicted patients was the same at 8 and 16 mg/d buprenorphine doses after 18 months. These data have implications for public and managed care funding of OBOMT, for the general prescribing of buprenorphine in outpatient care, and may be instructive in the ongoing debate about the relationship between buprenorphine dose. (Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment)
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - October 4, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Theodore V Parran AG Mace Yael J Dahan Christopher A Adelman Mykola Kolganov Source Type: research

The Use of Substances Other Than Nicotine in Electronic Cigarettes Among College Students
This study stresses the need for continued research regarding the vaping of cannabis and other illicit substances among college students. (Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment)
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - September 25, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Deric R Kenne Rebecca L Fischbein Andy SL Tan Mark Banks Source Type: research

Profile of Justice-Involved Marijuana and Other Substance Users: Demographics, Health and Health Care, Family, and Justice System Experiences
Substance users are more likely to have co-occurring health problems, and this pattern is intensified among those involved with the criminal justice system. Interview data for 1977 incarcerated men in 5 states from the Multi-site Family Study on Incarceration, Parenting, and Partnering that was conducted between December 2008 and August 2011 were analyzed to compare pre-incarceration substance use patterns and health outcomes between men who primarily used marijuana, primarily used alcohol, primarily used other drugs, and did not use any illicit substances during that time. Using regression modeling, we examined the influe...
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - September 6, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Nikki Freeman Justin Landwehr Tasseli McKay James Derzon Anupa Bir Source Type: research

Erratum
Ronald Simeone. Doctor Shopping Behavior and the Diversion of Prescription Opioids. Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment 2017:11. DOI: 10.1177/1178221817696077. In the published version of this article, Article type ‘Review’ has been corrected to ‘Original Research’. Subsequent versions of the article will be corrected. (Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment)
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - August 31, 2017 Category: Addiction Source Type: research

Medical Decision-Making Processes and Online Behaviors Among Cannabis Dispensary Staff
Conclusions: Budtenders who are formally trained exhibit significantly different patterns of interaction with medical cannabis patients. Future studies will use multivariate methods to better determine which factors independently influence interactions and how budtenders operate after the introduction of regulations under the newly passed Proposition 64 that permits recreational cannabis use in California. (Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment)
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - August 21, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Nicholas C Peiper Camille Gourdet Ang élica Meinhofer Amanda Reiman Nicco Reggente Source Type: research

Patterns of Marijuana Use in a 6-Month Pain Management Sample in the United States
This study is a 6-month retrospective analysis of urine drug testing (UDT) data from a pain management population among specimens with clinician-ordered marijuana testing (N = 194 809). Descriptive statistics about the specimen positivity of clinician-ordered marijuana UDT are provided as well as other drug positivity. Specimens from men and adults aged 18 to 34 years had the highest prevalence rates of marijuana positivity. The prevalence of past-month marijuana use among a comparative national population was lower than the prevalence of positive marijuana tests in the UDT specimens by all characteristics. Among the speci...
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - August 16, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Hope M Smiley-McDonald Katherine N Moore David C Heller Jeri D Ropero-Miller Gregory L McIntire Frank N Wallace Source Type: research

Heavy Drinking in University Students With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Contributions of Drinking Motives and Protective Behavioral Strategies
This study examined rates of heavy drinking and alcohol problems in relation to drinking motives and protective behavioral strategies in university students with a documented current diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n = 31) compared with students with no history of ADHD (n = 146). Participants completed a Web-based questionnaire, and logistic regression models tested interactions between ADHD/comparison group membership and motives and protective strategies. Group differences in rates of heavy drinking and alcohol problems were not statistically significant, but medium-sized risk ratios ...
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - August 3, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Andrea L Howard Tyler R Pritchard Source Type: research

Mental Health in School-Aged Children Prenatally Exposed to Alcohol and Other Substances
Prenatal exposure to substances can possibly influence a child’s neurodevelopment and may impact on subsequent mental health. We investigated the mental health status of school-aged children referred to a pediatric hospital with a history of prenatal exposure to alcohol or other substances. Mental health was assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and compared with a reference group. A total of 105 of 128 (82%) eligible children prenatally exposed to substances participated in the study, with 48 children exposed to alcohol and 57 to other substances. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire subscale m...
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - June 30, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Lisbeth Beate Sandtorv Mari Hysing Malin Rognlid Sondre Aasen Nilsen Irene Bircow Elgen Source Type: research

Moving on From Representativeness: Testing the Utility of the Global Drug Survey
A decline in response rates in traditional household surveys, combined with increased internet coverage and decreased research budgets, has resulted in increased attractiveness of web survey research designs based on purposive and voluntary opt-in sampling strategies. In the study of hidden or stigmatised behaviours, such as cannabis use, web survey methods are increasingly common. However, opt-in web surveys are often heavily criticised due to their lack of sampling frame and unknown representativeness. In this article, we outline the current state of the debate about the relevance of pursuing representativeness, the stat...
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - June 30, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Monica J Barratt Jason A Ferris Renee Zahnow Joseph J Palamar Larissa J Maier Adam R Winstock Source Type: research

The Going Out In Sydney App: Evaluating the Utility of a Smartphone App for Monitoring Real-World Illicit Drug Use and Police Encounters Among Festival and Club Goers
This study examines the utility of a smartphone app (‘Going Out In Sydney’) to prospectively follow up illicit drug use and policing encounters at music festivals and licensed entertainment precincts in Sydney, Australia. In all, 38 regular festival and licensed entertainment venue attendees used the app to log nights out over a 3-month period, including (1) where they went (eg, festival, nightclub), (2) the prevalence of illicit drug use, and (3) the incidence and nature of police encounters. A survey and interview were then conducted about the utility of the app. The app enabled rich data collection (n = 353 entr...
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - June 28, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Caitlin Elizabeth Hughes Vivienne Louisa Moxham-Hall Source Type: research

Access to and Payment for Office-Based Buprenorphine Treatment in Ohio
Conclusions and Relevance: Access to OBT in Ohio is far lower than what the 466 listed physicians suggests. Nearly 1 in 5 of those physicians are not active OBT prescribers, and 1 in 2 active prescribers do not accept insurance for OBT. Further research is needed to determine whether practices who do not accept insurance provide care consistent with CSAT guidelines and whether such practice patterns contribute to buprenorphine diversion. (Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment)
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - June 13, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Theodore V Parran Joseph Z Muller Elina Chernyak Chris Adelman Christina M Delos Reyes Douglas Rowland Mykola Kolganov Source Type: research

Marijuana Use, Recent Marijuana Initiation, and Progression to Marijuana Use Disorder Among Young Male and Female Adolescents Aged 12-14 Living in US Households
Marijuana initiation during adolescence, and early adolescence in particular, is associated with adverse health consequences. Our study used 2005-2014 data from the annual, cross-sectional National Survey on Drug Use and Health to study the prevalence and correlates of marijuana initiation, use, and marijuana use disorder (MUD; abuse or dependence) among 12- to 14-year olds living in civilian US households (n = 84 954). Examined correlates included age, sex, race/ethnicity, poverty status, metropolitan status, year of survey, depression, tobacco use, alcohol use, and fighting at school. Sex differences in the correla...
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - June 6, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Valerie L Forman-Hoffman Cristie Glasheen Kathryn R Batts Source Type: research

Utilizing Big Data and Twitter to Discover Emergent Online Communities of Cannabis Users
This study extends a novel method called stochastic block modeling to derive communities of cannabis consumers as part of a complex social network on Twitter. A set of examples illustrate how this method can ascertain candidate samples of medical, recreational, and illicit cannabis users. Implications for research planning, intervention design, and public health surveillance are discussed. (Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment)
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - June 6, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Peter Baumgartner Nicholas Peiper Source Type: research

Contextual Effects of Neighborhoods and Schools on Adolescent and Young Adult Marijuana Use in the United States
This study examined the relative contribution of each setting and the influence of school and neighborhood socioeconomic status on use. We performed a series of cross-classified multilevel logistic models predicting past 30-day adolescent (N = 18 329) and young adult (N = 13 908) marijuana use using data from Add Health. Marijuana use differed by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and public assistance in adjusted models. Variance parameters indicated a high degree of clustering by school (σ2 = 0.30) and less pronounced clustering by neighborhood (σ2 = 0.06) in adolescence when accounting for both levels simul...
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - June 6, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Carly E Milliren Tracy K Richmond Clare R Evans Erin C Dunn Renee M Johnson Source Type: research

Prevalence and Consequences of Perinatal Substance Use —Growing Worldwide Concerns
(Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment)
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - June 6, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Alice Ordean Lisa Graves Brian Chisamore Lorraine Greaves Adrian Dunlop Source Type: research