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Acaricidal potential of volatile oils from Croton species on Rhipicephalus microplus
The objective of this study was to evaluate the acaricidal activity of the volatile oils of three species of Croton, Euphorbiaceae, against the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus. The volatile oils were obtained by hydrodistillation, analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID and their acaricidal activity was evaluated by the larval packet test and adult immersion test. The volatile oils from Croton conduplicatus Kunth, Croton pulegiodorus Baill., and two different collections of Croton grewioides Baill. (CG1 and CG2) showed eucalyptol (24.09%), p-cymene (23.13%) and methyl chavicol (83.59% and 95.38%) as the major compounds, respectiv...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - February 3, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Biological properties of volatile oil from Brazilian brown propolis
This study aimed at evaluating the chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of volatile oil from Brazilian brown propolis. It was extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Volatile oil from brown propolis exhibited strong antibacterial activity against H. pylori (MIC 3.25 µg/ml), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MIC 50 µg/ml) and M. avium (MIC 62.5 µg/ml). It was evaluated in vitro for antioxidant activity by DPPH (IC50 25.0 µg/ml) and ABTS (IC50 30.1 µg/ml) methods. Its cytotoxic proper...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - February 3, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Effects of semi-purified fractions from stems of Clusia hilariana on the development of Dysdercus peruvianus
ABSTRACT Plants represent a huge source of substances, with pharmacological potential. Brazil has a diversity of agricultural insect pests and an urgent need for safer methods of insect control. Dysdercus peruvianus (Guerin-Meneville, 1831), Pyrrhocoridae, is an economically important species of the Order Hemiptera and a pest of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L., Malvaceae). Secondary metabolites in stems of Clusia hilariana Schltdl., Clusiaceae, such as terpenes and benzophenones, have been reported to be insecticidal. The present study investigated the effects of semi-purified fractions of hexane crude extracts from male C. ...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - February 3, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

In vitro growth inhibition and bactericidal activity of spathulenol against drug-resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
ABSTRACT Spathulenol was isolated from an extract of Azorella compacta Phil., Apiaceae, by various chromatographic method; identification of the chemical structure was confirmed by comparing its spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature. The anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity of spathulenol was evaluated on MDR, pre-XDR, and XDR clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis, as well as on the reference susceptible strain H37Rv and its cytotoxic activity was evaluated on the Vero Cell Line. The anti-M. tuberculosis activity of spathulenol was twice as potent against the MDR, pre-XDR, and XDR clinical isolates (6...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - February 3, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Damage and drying modify the composition of Mikania glomerata and Mikania laevigata leaves
This study compared the influence of mechanical damage and drying on the chemical composition of Mikania glomerata Spreng. and Mikania laevigata Sch.Bip. ex Baker, Asteraceae, leaves. Leaves were collected 1-24 h after damage. Oven-drying at 40 ºC and shade-drying at ambient temperature were compared to lyophilization. Samples were extracted in 70% ethanol and analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Significant (p< 0.05) increases of caffeoylquinic acids were observed in damaged leaves of both species and coumarin decreased in M. laevigata, indicating stress. Although the final ...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - February 3, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Exploring threatened traditional knowledge; ethnomedicinal studies of rare endemic flora from Lesser Himalayan region of Pakistan
ABSTRACT Himalayas are one among the world biodiversity hotspots harboring many endemic medicinal plants. Despite augmentation in the documentation of ethnopharmacological knowledge of medicinal plant species, information regarding endemic species is still underway. Current paper highlights the traditional medicinal uses of rare endemic and unexplored group of plants having potential for novel chemical constituents with effective pharmacological activities. In total, 142 informants (91 male and 51 female) including seventeen traditional healers were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaire, personal observations and...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - February 3, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

A herbal oil in water nano-emulsion prepared through an ecofriendly approach affects two tropical disease vectors
ABSTRACT Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britton& P. Wilson, Verbenaceae, is considered a great source of a bioactive volatile oil. Due to the wide range of known chemotypes, its chemical analysis is very important. Among the several activities of this volatile oil, a potential larvicidal action against Culicidae species is highlighted. However, the low water miscibility of volatile oils limits their application in aqueous media. Oil in water nano-emulsions are in the spotlight of novelty to solve this main problem. Thus, the aim of the present study was to obtain this nanostructured system with L. alba volatile oil (ci...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - February 3, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Pharmacokinetic disposition of erythraline in rats after intravenous administration
This study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetic parameters of erythraline after intravenous administration in rats. For the analysis of erythraline in rat plasma, a method was developed and validated using UHPLC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by non-compartmental analysis. The metabolite 8-oxo-erythraline observed in previous biomimetic model studies was monitored during in vivo experiments. The quantification limit was 5 ng/ml within a linear range of 5-2000 ng/ml. After an intravenous dose of 1 mg/kg, the following pharmacokinetic parameters were observed: elimination half-life of 44.2 min; total cl...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - February 3, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Growth retardation and apoptotic death of tumor cells by Artemisia herba-alba oral administration in Ehrlich solid carcinoma bearing mice
ABSTRACT At present, there is a rapidly growing interest in studying the cytotoxic effects of Artemisia herba alba Asso, Asteraceae, in various cancer cell lines. However, its antitumor effectiveness has not been investigated. Therefore, the current study was conducted to study the effect of A. herba alba extract on the proliferation and growth of solid tumor cells in Ehrlich Solid Carcinoma bearing mice. Oral administration of A. herba alba extract resulted in significant reductions in tumor size, tumor weight and mice body weight, as well as caused concurrent significant increases in the DNA breakages and apoptotic DNA d...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - February 3, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

β-Carboline-1-propionic acid alkaloid: antileishmanial and cytotoxic effects
ABSTRACT Pentavalent antimonials and amphotericin B remain as the main drugs to treat human leishmaniasis. However, the high toxicity and variable efficacy of treatment have stimulated the search for novel drug candidates. Naturally occurring alkaloids have a long history of antileishmanial activity. Here, we investigate the effects of the β -carboline-1-propionic acid alkaloid isolated from Quassia amara L., Simaroubaceae, against Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania infatum. The alkaloid was isolated after liquid-liquid fractionation followed by chromatographic purification of the Q. amara methanol extract. The antilei...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - February 3, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Selective BuChE inhibitory activity, chemical composition, and enantiomer content of the volatile oil from the Ecuadorian plant Clinopodium brownei
ABSTRACT This paper describes the chemical composition and the enantiomer content of the volatile oil hydrodistilled from Clinopodium brownei (Sw.) Kuntze, Lamiaceae. The plant was collected in the South of Ecuador. Thirty one components were identified by GC-MS, which accounted for the 96.15% of the volatile oil. The major components were pulegone (48.44%), menthone (34.55%) and β -acorenol (3.41%). Oxygenated monoterpenes (86.06%), followed by oxygenated sesquiterpenes (5.36%) constituted the most abundant fractions. The enantiomeric compositions of β -pinene, sabinene, 3-octanol, menthone, pulegone and menthyl acetate...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - February 3, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Determination of orcinol glucoside by LC-MS in Curculigo orchioides and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
This study was designed to explore the pharmacokinetic regularity of the plasma concentration, tissue distribution and excretion of orcinol glucoside from aqueous extracts of raw and processed Curculigo orchioides Gaertn., Hypoxidaceae. The experiment first used an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry approach with multiple reaction monitoring and a positive mode to separate orcinol glucoside from naringin to obtain the plasma concentration curves, bar graph of tissue distribution and excretion curves. These results might be beneficial for reasonable clinical application of C. orchioides and...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - February 3, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Chemical constituents of leaves of Persea americana (avocado) and their protective effects against neomycin-induced hair cell damage
ABSTRACT Persea americana Mill., Lauraceae, commonly known as the avocado, is native to tropical and subtropical regions, including Brazil. From the leaves of P. americana, one previously undescribed flavonol glycoside (1) together with ten known flavonoids (2-11), four megastigmane glycosides (12-15) and two lignans (16-17) were isolated. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic methods including 1D- and 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry data. This is the first investigation that reports megastigmane glycoside and lignan classes within the genus Persea. All the isolated compounds have ...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - February 3, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Natural products from marine red and brown algae against Trypanosoma cruzi
ABSTRACT Various extracts obtained from the red alga Plocamium brasiliense (Greville Howe& Taylor), including a fraction containing crude 5-chloro-1-(E)-chlorovinyl-2,4-dibromo-1,5-dimethylcyclohexane (1) and another containing a mixture of halogenated monoterpenes (F), as well as atomaric acid meroditerpene (2) isolated from brown alga Stypopodium zonale (J. V. Lamouroux) Papenfuss, were evaluated for their activity against Trypanosoma cruzi. The cytotoxic and trypanosomicidal effects of these extracts were evaluated in Vero cells and clinically relevant forms of T. cruzi (amastigotes and trypomastigotes). All extract...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - February 3, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Parietin as an efficient and promising anti-angiogenic and apoptotic small-molecule from Xanthoria parietina
ABSTRACT Lichens that are exclusive symbiotic organisms composed of fungus and alga, are considered as a wealthy source of biologically and pharmacologically active small-molecules thanks to the tight metabolic relationship between symbiotic partners. We herein report cytotoxic, anti-angiogenic and apoptotic profile of a lichen derived small-molecule named parietin. Parietin was isolated from the acetone extract of Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th.Fr (1860), Teloschistaceae, which was gathered from Afyon, Turkey. AlamarBlue ™ cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase membrane leakage and PicoGreen ™ dsDNA quantitation assays ...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - February 3, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research