Author Index
(Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry)
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 22, 2016 Category: Radiology Tags: Author Index Source Type: research
Role of the Free Radicals in Mechanisms of Gallstone Formation: An EPR Study
The mechanism of gallstone formation is not well understood. Abnormal regulation of hepatic cholesterol, bile acid synthesis or esterification, deposition of cholesterol monohydrate crystals and gall bladder dysfunction are thought to be the principal metabolic aberrations that may cause gallstone formation. One plausible mechanism leading to these abnormalities is the role of free radicals, whose presence can be investigated using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR). Surgically removed gall bladder stones were used to obtain purified bilirubin, which was irradiated in vitro with visible light and measured with EPR in th...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 22, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Sanikidze, T., Chikvaidze, E. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Physicians knowledge about radiation dose and possible risks of common medical tests: a survey in iran
This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate their knowledge of the radiation doses their patients received and awareness of associated biological risks of radiation exposure. A questionnaire in multiple-choice format consisted of four sections with a total of 10 questions based on the literature review. A total of 136 questionnaires were returned from 69 general practitioners and 67 physicians in various specialties from 10 different hospitals in the capital city of Tehran, Iran. Fifty-four percent of general practitioners and twenty-five percent of specialties declared that they are not aware of biological risks of radiation...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 22, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Zakeri, F., Shakeri, M., Rajabpour, M. R., Farshidpour, M. R., Mianji, F. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
The potentiation of the radioprotective efficacy of two medical countermeasures, gamma-tocotrienol and amifostine, by a combination prophylactic modality
This study was designed to evaluate the possible potentiation of survival protection afforded by relatively low-dose amifostine prophylaxis against total body irradiation in combination with a protective, less toxic agent, gamma-tocotrienol (GT3). Mice were administered amifostine and/or GT3, then exposed to 9.2 Gy 60Co -irradiation and monitored for survival for 30 days. To investigate cytokine stimulation, mice were administered amifostine or GT3; serum samples were collected and analyzed for cytokines. Survival studies show single treatments of GT3 or amifostine significantly improved survival, compared to the vehicle, ...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 22, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Singh, V. K., Fatanmi, O. O., Wise, S. Y., Newman, V. L., Romaine, P. L. P., Seed, T. M. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Electron Spin Resonance Dating of Toxodon Tooth from Upper Ribeira Valley, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating was applied to date a sample of fossil tooth found in Ribeira Valley, São Paulo, Brazil. This region is characterized by abundant fossil records of Pleistocene–Holocene South American megafauna belonging to different faunistic moments related to climate changes during the quaternary. As the number of fossils dated is not too large, the dating of materials from this region will provide important information to better understand the events associated with the presence and extinction of these species. The equivalent dose (De) was determined using single exponential fitting res...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 22, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Kinoshita, A., Ghilardi, A. M., Fernandes, M. A., Figueiredo, A. M. G., Baffa, O. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Shell We Date? ESR Dating Sangamon Interglacial Episode Deposits at Hopwood Farm, IL
During the Sangamon Episode, North America occasionally experienced warm climates. At Hopwood Farm, IL, a small kettle lake filled with sediment after the Illinois Episode glaciers retreated from southern Illinois. To date those deposits, 14 mollusc samples newly collected with associated sediment from three depths at Hopwood Farm were dated by standard electron spin resonance (ESR) dating. ESR can date molluscs from ~0.5 ka to >2 Ma in age with 5–10% precision, by comparing the accumulated radiation dose with the total radiation dose rate from the mollusc and its environment. Because all molluscs contained ≤0....
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 22, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Blackwell, B. A. B., Kim, D. M. K., Curry, B. B., Grimley, D. A., Blickstein, J. I. B., Skinner, A. R. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
The effect of background signal and its representation in deconvolution of epr spectra on accuracy of epr dosimetry in bone
This study is about the accuracy of EPR dosimetry in bones based on deconvolution of the experimental spectra into the background (BG) and the radiation-induced signal (RIS) components. The model RIS's were represented by EPR spectra from irradiated enamel or bone powder; the model BG signals by EPR spectra of unirradiated bone samples or by simulated spectra. Samples of compact and trabecular bones were irradiated in the 30–270 Gy range and the intensities of their RIS's were calculated using various combinations of those benchmark spectra. The relationships between the dose and the RIS were linear (R2 >&nbs...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 22, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Ciesielski, B., Marciniak, A., Zientek, A., Krefft, K., Cieszynski, M., Bogus, P., Prawdzik-Dampc, A. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Determination of the Average Native Background and the Light-Induced EPR Signals and their Variation in the Teeth Enamel Based on Large-Scale Survey of the Population
The aim of the study is to determine the average intensity and variation of the native background signal amplitude (NSA) and of the solar light-induced signal amplitude (LSA) in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of tooth enamel for different kinds of teeth and different groups of people. These values are necessary for determination of the intensity of the radiation-induced signal amplitude (RSA) by subtraction of the expected NSA and LSA from the total signal amplitude measured in L-band for in vivo EPR dosimetry. Variation of these signals should be taken into account when estimating the uncertainty of the est...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 22, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Ivannikov, A. I., Khailov, A. M., Orlenko, S. P., Skvortsov, V. G., Stepanenko, V. F., Zhumadilov, K. S., Williams, B. B., Flood, A. B., Swartz, H. M. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Epr dosimetry study for population residing in the vicinity of fallout trace for nuclear test on 7 august 1962
The method of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosimetry using extracted teeth has been applied to human tooth enamel to obtain individual absorbed doses of residents of settlements in the vicinity of the central axis of radioactive fallout trace from the contaminating surface nuclear test on 7 August 1962. Most of the settlements (Kurchatov, Akzhar, Begen, Buras, Grachi, Mayskoe, Semenovka) are located from 70 to 120 km to the North-East from the epicenter of the explosion at the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS). This region is basically an agricultural region. A total of 57 teeth samples were collected from th...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 22, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Zhumadilov, K. S., Ivannikov, A. I., Stepanenko, V. F., Toyoda, S., Skvortsov, V. G., Hoshi, M. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Retrospective Biodosimetry of an Occupational Overexposure--Case Study
In 2014, Health Canada was approached by the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission to conduct biodosimetry for a possible overexposure 4 y prior to assessment. Dose estimates were determined by means of two cytogenetic assays, the dicentric chromosome assay (DCA) and translocations as measured by the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). As dicentrics are considered to be unstable over time, the results of the DCA were adjusted to account for the time elapsed between the suspected exposure and sampling. The frequency of damage was then compared to Health Canada's calibration curves, respectively, to calculate dose. In add...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 22, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Beaton-Green, L. A., Barr, T., Ainsbury, E. A., Wilkins, R. C. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
In-vivo radiation dosimetry using portable l band epr: on-site measurement of volunteers in fukushima prefecture, japan
The aim of this study was to make direct measurements of the possible radiation-induced EPR signals in the teeth of volunteers who were residents in Fukushima within 80 km distance from the Fukushima Nuclear Power plant at the time of the disaster, and continued to live there for at least 3 month after the disaster. Thirty four volunteers were enrolled in this study. These measurements were made using a portable L-band EPR spectrometer, which was originally developed in the EPR Center at Dartmouth. All measurements were performed using surface loop resonators that have been specifically designed for the upper incisor teeth...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 22, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Miyake, M., Nakai, Y., Yamaguchi, I., Hirata, H., Kunugita, N., Williams, B. B., Swartz, H. M. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Long-term biodosimetry redux
This paper revisits and reiterates the needs, purposes and requirements of biodosimetric assays for long-term dose and health risk assessments. While the most crucial need for biodosimetric assays is to guide medical response for radiation accidents, the value of such techniques for improving our understanding of radiation health risk by supporting epidemiological (long-term health risk) studies is significant. As new cohorts of exposed persons are identified and new health risk studies are undertaken with the hopes that studying the exposed will result in a deeper understanding of radiation risk, the value of reliable dos...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 22, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Simon, S. L., Bouville, A. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
The Project Of Another Low-Cost Metaphase Finder
The most popular and ‘gold standard’ phenomenon in Biological dosimetry is the appearance of dicentric chromosomes in metaphase in white blood cells. The metaphase finder is a tool for biological dosimetry that finds metaphase cells on slide glasses. The author and a software company were using new special software that was faster than conventional systems. A Nikon Eclipse Ni-E microscope with motorised X-Y stage, 4x objective lens and 1920 x 1024 pixels colour camera for hardware were used. The software uses mathematical morphology filters. The new system was compact and low-priced. And the remarkabl...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 22, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Furukawa, A. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
Biodosimetry for High-Dose Exposures Based on Dicentric Analysis in Lymphocytes Released from the G2-Block by Caffeine
High-dose assessments using the conventional dicentric assay are essentially restricted to doses up to 5 Gy and only to lymphocytes that succeed to proceed to first post-exposure mitosis. Since G2-checkpoint activation facilitates DNA damage recognition and arrest of damaged cells, caffeine is used to release G2-blocked lymphocytes overcoming the mitotic index and dicentric yield saturation problems, enabling thus dicentric analysis even at high-dose exposures. Using the fluorescence in situ hybridization technique with telomere and centromere peptide nucleic acid probes, the released lymphocytes, identified as metaph...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 22, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Karachristou, I., Karakosta, M., Pantelias, A., Hatzi, V., Pantelias, G., Thanassoulas, A., Karaiskos, P., Dimitriou, P., Terzoudi, G. I. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
The effect of an optimized imaging flow cytometry analysis template on sample throughput in the reduced culture cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay
In cases of overexposure to ionizing radiation, the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay can be performed in order to estimate the dose of radiation to an exposed individual. However, in the event of a large-scale radiation accident with many potentially exposed casualties, the assay must be able to generate accurate dose estimates to within ±0.5 Gy as quickly as possible. The assay has been adapted to, validated and optimized on the ImageStreamX imaging flow cytometer. The ease of running this automated version of the CBMN assay allowed investigation into the accuracy of dose estimates after reducing the vol...
Source: Radiation Protection Dosimetry - December 22, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Rodrigues, M. A., Probst, C. E., Beaton-Green, L. A., Wilkins, R. C. Tags: Paper Source Type: research
