Long-term antipsychotic and benzodiazepine use and brain volume changes in schizophrenia: The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study
High doses of antipsychotics have been associated with loss in cortical and total gray matter in schizophrenia. However, previous imaging studies have not taken benzodiazepine use into account, in spite of evidence suggesting adverse effects such as cognitive impairment and increased mortality. In this Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study, 69 controls and 38 individuals with schizophrenia underwent brain MRI at the ages of 34 and 43 years. At baseline, the average illness duration was over 10 years. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - May 20, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Sanna Huhtaniska, Erika J ääskeläinen, Tuomas Heikka, Jani S. Moilanen, Heli Lehtiniemi, Jussi Tohka, José V. Manjón, Pierrick Coupé, Lassi Björnholm, Hannu Koponen, Juha Veijola, Matti Isohanni, Vesa Kiviniemi, Graham K. Murray, Jouko Miettunen Source Type: research
Brain neurodevelopmental markers related to the deficit subtype of schizophrenia
Deficit schizophrenia is a homogeneous subtype characterized by a trait-like feature of primary and prominent negative symptoms, but the etiologic factors related to this specific subtype remain largely unknown. This magnetic resonance imaging study aimed to examine gross brain morphology that probably reflects early neurodevelopment in 38 patients with deficit schizophrenia, 37 patients with non-deficit schizophrenia, and 59 healthy controls. Potential brain neurodevelopmental markers investigated in this study were the adhesio interthalamica (AI), cavum septi pellucidi (CSP), and surface morphology (i.e., olfactory sulcu...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - May 20, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Yoichiro Takayanagi, Yumiko Nishikawa, Mihoko Nakamura, Yuko Komori, Atsushi Furuichi, Mikio Kido, Daiki Sasabayashi, Kyo Noguchi, Michio Suzuki Source Type: research
Frontal and subcortical grey matter reductions in PTSD
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterised by a range of debilitating psychological, physical and cognitive symptoms. PTSD has been associated with grey matter atrophy in limbic and frontal cortical brain regions. However, previous studies have reported heterogeneous findings, with grey matter changes observed beyond limbic/frontal areas. Seventy-five adults were recruited from the community, 25 diagnosed with PTSD along with 25 healthy and 25 trauma exposed age and gender matched controls. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - May 19, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Daniel C.M. O'Doherty, Ashleigh Tickell, Will Ryder, Charles Chan, Daniel F. Hermens, Maxwell R. Bennett, Jim Lagopoulos Source Type: research
Morphometric analysis of thalamic volume in progressive supranuclear palsy: in vivo evidence of regionally specific bilateral thalamic atrophy
We investigated whether differences were detectable in the volume and shape of the dorsal thalamus on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Manual segmentation of the left and right thalami on magnetic resonance imaging scans occurred in 22 patients with clinically diagnosed PSP and 23 healthy controls; thalamic volumes (left, right, total) were calculated. Between group differences were explored by multivariate analysis of co-variance, using age and intracranial volume as covariates. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - May 17, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Brian D. Power, David Jakabek, Mitchell Hunter-Dickson, Fiona A. Wilkes, Danielle van Westen, Alexander.F. Santillo, Mark Walterfang, Dennis Velakoulis, Christer Nilsson, Jeffrey C.L. Looi Source Type: research
Disrupted Resting Brain Graph Measures in Individuals at High Risk for Alcoholism
Familial susceptibility to alcoholism is likely to be linked to the externalizing diathesis seen in high-risk offspring from high-density alcohol use disorder (AUD) families. The present study aimed at comparing resting brain functional connectivity and their association with externalizing symptoms and alcoholism familial density in 40 substance-naive high-risk (HR) male offspring from high-density AUD families and 30 matched healthy low-risk (LR) males without a family history of substance dependence using graph theory-based network analysis. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - May 14, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Bharath Holla, Rajanikanth Panda, Ganesan Venkatasubramanian, Bharat Biswal, Rose Dawn Bharath, Vivek Benegal Source Type: research
Functional connectivity in incarcerated male adolescents with psychopathic traits
The present study examined the association between psychopathic traits and functional connectivity in 177 incarcerated male adolescents. We hypothesized that psychopathic symptoms would be associated with functional connectivity within networks encompassing limbic and paralimbic regions, such as the default mode (DMN), salience networks (SN), and executive control network (ECN). The present sample was drawn from the Southwest Advanced Neuroimaging Cohort, Youth sample, and from research at a youth detention facility in Wisconsin. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - May 11, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Sandra Thijssen, Kent A. Kiehl Source Type: research
Aberrant Functional Connectivity in Incarcerated Male Adolescents with Psychopathic Traits
The present study examined the association between psychopathic traits and functional connectivity in 177 incarcerated male adolescents. We hypothesized that psychopathic symptoms would be associated with aberrant functional connectivity within networks encompassing limbic and paralimbic regions, such as the default mode (DMN), salience networks (SN), and executive control network (ECN). The present sample was drawn from the NIMH-funded Southwest Advanced Neuroimaging Cohort, Youth sample (SWANC-Y), and from research at a youth detention facility in Wisconsin. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - May 11, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Sandra Thijssen, Kent A. Kiehl Source Type: research
Patients with bulimia nervosa do not show typical neurodevelopment of cognitive control under emotional influences
Bulimia nervosa (BN) emerges in the late teen years and is characterized by binge eating and related compensatory behaviors. These behaviors often co-occur with periods of negative affect suggesting an association between emotions and control over eating behavior. In the current study, we examined how cognitive control and neural processes change under emotional states of arousal in 46 participants with (n=19) and without (n=27) BN from the ages of 18 to 33 years. Participants performed a go/nogo task consisting of brief negative, positive and neutral emotional cues and sustained negative, positive and neutral emotional st...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - May 10, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Michael F.W. Dreyfuss, Melissa L. Riegel, Gloria A. Pedersen, Alexandra O. Cohen, Melanie R. Silverman, Jonathan P. Dyke, Laurel E.S. Mayer, B. Timothy Walsh, B.J. Casey, Allegra I. Broft Source Type: research
Resting State Functional Connectivity in Primary Insomnia, Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Controls
Sleep abnormalities are extremely common in anxiety disorders and may contribute to their development and persistence. Their shared pathophysiological mechanisms could thus serve as biomarkers or targets for novel therapeutics. Individuals with Primary Insomnia were age- and sex-matched to controls and to persons with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. All underwent fMRI resting-state scans at 3-T. In Primary Insomnia and controls, sleep was recorded for 2 weeks using diaries and actigraphy. All participants completed state-anxiety and neuroticism inventories. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - May 8, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Edward F. Pace-Schott, Jared P. Zimmerman, Ryan M. Bottary, Erik G. Lee, Mohammed R. Milad, Joan A. Camprodon Source Type: research
Editorial Board
(Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - April 30, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Population differences in Brain morphology: Need for population specific Brain template
Brain templates provide a standard anatomical platform for population based morphometric assessments. Typically, standard brain templates for such assessments are created using Caucasian brains, which may not be ideal to analyze brains from other ethnicities. To effectively demonstrate this, we compared brain morphometric differences between T1 weighted structural MRI images of 27 healthy Indian and Caucasian subjects of similar age and same sex ratio. Furthermore, a population specific brain template was created from MRI images of healthy Indian subjects and compared with standard Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI-152)...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - April 30, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Naren P Rao, Haris Jeelani, Rashmin Achalia, Garima Achalia, Arpitha Jacob, Rose dawn Bharath, Shivarama Varambally, Ganesan Venkatasubramanian, Phaneendra Yalavarthy Source Type: research
Structural brain abnormalities in patients with type I bipolar disorder and suicidal behavior
Some studies have identified brain morphological changes in the frontolimbic network (FLN) in bipolar subjects who attempt suicide (SA). The present study investigated neuroanatomical abnormalities in the FLN to find a possible neural signature for suicidal behavior in patients with bipolar disorder type I (BD-I). We used voxel-based morphometry to compare euthymic patients with BD-I who had attempted suicide (n=20), who had not attempted suicide (n=19) and healthy controls (HCs) (n=20). We also assessed the highest medical lethality of their previous SA. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - April 29, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Dante G.G. Duarte, Maila de Castro L. Neves, Maicon R. Albuquerque, Gustavo Turecki, Yang Ding, Fabio Luis de Souza-Duran, Geraldo Busatto, Humberto Correa Source Type: research
Structural brain abnormalities in patients with type I bipolar disorder and suicidal behavior: preliminary results
Some studies have identified brain morphological changes in the frontolimbic network (FLN) in bipolar subjects who attempt suicide (SA). The present study investigated neuroanatomical abnormalities in the FLN to find a possible neural signature for suicidal behavior in patients with bipolar disorder type I (BD-I). We used voxel-based morphometry to compare euthymic patients with BD-I who had attempted suicide (n = 20), who had not attempted suicide (n = 19) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 20). We also assessed the highest medical lethality of their previous SA. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - April 29, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Dante G.G. Duarte, Maila de Castro L. Neves, Maicon R. Albuquerque, Gustavo Turecki, Yang Ding, Fabio Luis de Souza-Duran, Geraldo Busatto, Humberto Correa Source Type: research
Functional network connectivity predicts treatment outcome during treatment of nicotine use disorder
Altered resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) and functional network connectivity (FNC), which is a measure of coherence between brain networks, may be associated with nicotine use disorder (NUD). We hypothesized that higher connectivity between insula and 1) dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and 2) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) would predict better treatment outcomes. We also performed an exploratory analysis of the associations between FNC values between additional key frontal and striatal regions and treatment outcomes. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - April 29, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Claire E. Wilcox, Vince D. Calhoun, Srinivas Rachakonda, Eric D. Claus, Rae A. Littlewood, Jessica Mickey, Pamela B. Arenella, Kent E. Hutchison Source Type: research
Editorial Board
(Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - April 26, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
