Excess Social Media Use in Normal Populations is Associated with Amygdala-Striatal but not with Prefrontal Morphology
This study aims to investigate the gray matter volume (GMV) of key neural systems possibly associated with Excess Social Media Use (ESMU) in the general user population. It employs a sex-balanced case (relatively high ESMU scores) - control (relatively low ESMU scores) design with 50 random university students who have reported varying levels of ESMU. The case and control groups included 25 subjects each. Brain volumes were calculated with Voxel-Based Morphometry techniques applied to structural MRI scans. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - September 9, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Qinghua He, Ofir Turel, Damien Brevers, Antoine Bechara Source Type: research
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(Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - September 8, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
A structural MRI study of excoriation (skin-picking) disorder and its relationship to clinical severity
This study examined differences in cortical thickness and basal ganglia structural volumes between 20 individuals with SPD and 16 healthy controls using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). There were no significant differences in demographic variables (age, gender, education and race) between groups. All subjects completed a structural MRI scan and completed a battery of clinical assessments focusing on SPD symptom severity, depression and anxiety symptoms, and quality of life. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - September 8, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Michael D Harries, Samuel R Chamberlain, Sarah A Redden, Brian Odlaug, Austin Blum, Jon E Grant Source Type: research
Defining functioning levels in patients with schizophrenia: a combination of a novel clustering method and brain SPECT analysis
This study aims to define functioning levels of patients with schizophrenia by using a method of interpretable clustering based on a specific functioning scale, the Functional Remission Of General Schizophrenia (FROGS) scale, and to test their validity regarding clinical and neuroimaging characterization. In this observational study, patients with schizophrenia have been classified using a hierarchical top-down method called clustering using unsupervised binary trees (CUBT). Socio-demographic, clinical, and neuroimaging SPECT perfusion data were compared between the different clusters to ensure their clinical relevance. (S...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - September 8, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Faget-Agius Catherine, Vincenti Aur élie, Guedj Eric, Michel Pierre, Richieri Raphaëlle, Alessandrini Marine, Auquier Pascal, Lançon Christophe, Boyer Laurent Source Type: research
Comparing abnormalities of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in multiple system atrophy and idiopathic Parkinson's disease measured with resting-state fMRI
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) show overlapping clinical manifestations with different treatment and prognosis. However, the shared and distinct underlying neural substrates are not yet understood, which needs to be explored between MSA and IPD. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 29 MSA patients, 17 IPD patients and 25 healthy controls (HC) and the Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations (ALFF) was compared. Lower ALFF in bilateral basal ganglion, bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and right amygdala, as well as higher ALFF in parieto-...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - September 7, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Na Wang, Elliot Kale Edmiston, XiaoGuang Luo, HuaGuang Yang, Miao Chang, Fei Wang, GuoGuang Fan Source Type: research
Depression in chronic ketamine users: sex differences and neural bases
Chronic ketamine use leads to cognitive and affective deficits including depression. Here, we examined sex differences and neural bases of depression in chronic ketamine users. Compared to non-drug using healthy controls (HC), ketamine-using females but not males showed increased depression score as assessed by the Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). We evaluated resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC), a prefrontal structure consistently implicated in the pathogenesis of depression. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - September 5, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Chiang-Shan R. Li, Sheng Zhang, Chia-Chun Hung, Chun-Ming Chen, Jeng-Ren Duann, Ching-Po Lin, Tony Szu-Hsien Lee Source Type: research
Neural activation in stress-related exhaustion: Cross-sectional observations and interventional effects
The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the association between burnout and neural activation during working memory processing in patients with stress-related exhaustion. Additionally, we investigated the neural effects of cognitive training as part of stress rehabilitation. Fifty-five patients with clinical diagnosis of exhaustion disorder were administered the n-back task during fMRI scanning at baseline. Ten patients completed a 12-week cognitive training intervention, as an addition to stress rehabilitation. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - September 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Hanna Malmberg Gavelin, Anna Stigsdotter Neely, Micael Andersson, Therese Stenlund, Lisbeth Slunga J ärvholm, Carl-Johan Boraxbekk Source Type: research
Acute Change in Anterior Cingulate Cortex GABA, but not Glutamine/Glutamate, Mediates Antidepressant Response to Citalopram
Little is known about the acute effects of antidepressant treatments on brain glutamate and gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) levels, and their association with clinical response. Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) we examined longitudinally the effects of citalopram on glutamine/glutamate ratios and GABA levels in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) of individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). We acquired 1H-MRS scans at baseline and at days 3, 7, and 42 of citalopram treatment in nineteen unmedicated individuals with MDD. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - September 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Brian P. Brennan, Roee Admon, Chris Perriello, Erin M. LaFlamme, Alison J. Athey, Diego A. Pizzagalli, James I. Hudson, Harrison G. Pope, J. Eric Jensen Source Type: research
White matter microstructural deficits in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS), a neurogenetic condition associated with psychosis, report brain white matter (WM) microstructure aberrations. Several studies report that WM disruptions in 22q11DS are similar to deficits in idiopathic schizophrenia. Yet, DTI results in 22q11DS are inconsistent. We used DTI to compare WM structure in 22q11DS individuals to healthy controls (HC) and explored WM differences in 22q11DS with (+) and without (-) psychosis spectrum symptoms. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - August 23, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: David R. Roalf, J. Eric Schmitt, Simon N. Vandekar, Theodore D. Satterthwaite, Russell T. Shinohara, Kosha Ruparel, Mark A. Elliott, Karthik Prabhakaran, Donna M. McDonald-McGinn, Elaine H. Zackai, Ruben C. Gur, Beverly S. Emanuel, Raquel E. Gur Source Type: research
Neural Predictors of Substance Use Disorders in Young Adulthood
This study assessed the relationship between amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) volumes obtained in adolescence and SUD outcomes in young adulthood among high-risk offspring and low-risk controls. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - August 18, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jessica W. O ’Brien, Shirley Y. Hill Source Type: research
Prevalence of depressive symptoms and their association with brainstem raphe echogenicity in patients with Parkinson's disease and non-PD controls
In this study, we report on the prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms as well as their association with brainstem raphe echogenicity in patients with PD and non-PD controls. The study included 266 Estonian PD patients and 168 age- and education-matched controls. Demographic and clinical data was documented. Brainstem raphe (BR) was visualized by transcranial sonography (TCS). (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - August 16, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Toomas Toomsoo, Ren é Randver, Inga Liepelt-Scarfone, Liis Kadastik-Eerme, Toomas Asser, Inna Rubanovits, Daniela Berg, Pille Taba Source Type: research
Brain structural changes in late-life generalized anxiety disorder
In this study, we compare the brain structural characteristics in white and gray matter in 31 non-anxious older adults and 28 late-life GAD participants.Gray matter indices (cortical thickness and volume) were measured using FreeSurfer parcellation and segmentation, and mean diffusivity was obtained through Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI). (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - August 16, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Carmen Andreescu, Dana Tudorascu, Lei K. Sheu, Anusha Rangarajan, Meryl A. Butters, Sarah Walker, Rachel Berta, Thomas Desmidt, Howard Aizenstein Source Type: research
Altered corticostriatal pathway in first-episode paranoid schizophrenia: resting-state functional and causal connectivity analyses
Until today, the etiology of schizophrenia remains unclear. A dysconnectivity hypothesis has been proposed that schizophrenia is associated with certain changes in neuronal connectivity during the neural developmental process(Pettersson-Yeo et al., 2011; Stephan et al., 2009). Converging evidence suggests that schizophrenia is related to disruptive connectivity and functional integration failures in large-scale brain networks (Pettersson-Yeo et al., 2011; Woodward et al., 2012; Wotruba et al., 2014; Yu et al., 2012; Zhou et al., 2015). (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - August 15, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Huan Huang, Chang Shu, Jun Chen, Jilin Zou, Cheng Chen, Shihao Wu, Ling Xiao, Zhongchun Liu, Huiling Wang, Yuan Zhou, Gaohua Wang, Tianzi Jiang Source Type: research
Precuneus Abnormalities in Middle-Aged to Older Adults with Depressive Symptoms: An Analysis of BDI-II Symptom Dimensions
We recently reported age-related increases in left precuneus cortical thickness (CT) in older adults with elevated total depressive symptoms. However, it is unclear whether abnormalities in precuneus surface area (SA) are also evident and whether specific symptom dimensions of depression moderated age effects on these measurements. Seventy-three adults completed the Beck Depression Inventory – 2nd edition (BDI-II) and underwent structural neuroimaging. Measures of CT and SA were extracted from the right and left precuneus via FreeSurfer. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - August 14, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Sarah M. Szymkowicz, Vonetta M. Dotson, Molly E. McLaren, Liselotte De Wit, Deirdre M. O'Shea, Francis T. Talty, Andrew O'Shea, Eric C. Porges, Ronald A. Cohen, Adam J. Woods Source Type: research
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(Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - August 11, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
