Assessment of muscle mass depletion in chronic liver disease; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry compared with computed tomography
Malnutrition and depletion of muscle mass is common in patients with chronic liver disease but there is no generally preferred method for diagnosing malnutrition. Sarcopenia is defined by European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism as “a syndrome of its own characterized by the progressive and generalised loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength and function (performance) with a consequent risk of adverse out-comes” [1]. Sarcopenia is associated with mortality on the waiting list for liver transplantation [2] and has an impact on duration of hospitalization [3] and post-transplant infection risk [4]. (Source: Nutrition)
Source: Nutrition - November 13, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: Catarina Lindqvist, Torkel B. Brismar, Ammar Majeed, Staffan Wahlin Source Type: research

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in an adolescent with Prader-Willi syndrome: psychosocial implications
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex genetic disorder and represents the most common genetic cause of life-threatening obesity in childhood and adolescence. The indication for bariatric surgery in children and adolescents with syndromic obesity is still controversial. This case report deals with the preoperative medical and psychosocial evaluation of a 16-year old male adolescent with PWS who underwent sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Information on a 6-month follow up is also reported. The preoperative body weight was 223 kg (BMI  = 80.9 kg/m2). (Source: Nutrition)
Source: Nutrition - November 7, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: Valentina Martinelli, Matteo Chiappedi, Eugenia Pellegrino, Maria Zugnoni, Riccardo Caccialanza, Chiara Muggia, Giulia Cogni, Luca Chiovato, Germana Bichisao, Pierluigi Politi, Andrea Pietrabissa, Andrea Peri Source Type: research

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by an acute inflammatory response in the lung parenchyma leading to severe hypoxemia. Due to its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have been administered to ARDS patients, mostly by enteral route as immune-enhancing diets (IEDs) with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), γ-linolenic acid, and antioxidants. However, clinical benefits of n-3 PUFAs in ARDS patients remain unclear, as clinical trials have found conflicting results. (Source: Nutrition)
Source: Nutrition - November 5, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: Pascal L. Langlois, Fr éderick D’ Aragon, Gil Hardy, William Manzanares Source Type: research

Australian patients with coronary heart disease achieve high adherence to 6-month Mediterranean diet intervention: preliminary results of the AUSMED Heart Trial
Coronary heart disease (CHD) refers to the development of atherosclerotic plaque in the coronary arteries [1] and is the most common form of cardiovascular disease (CVD) throughout the world [2]. CHD has two major clinical presentations: acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and unstable angina, which constitute Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)[1]. In Australia, approximately 65,000 adults experience an ACS event each year [3] and CHD accounts for approximately 13% of all deaths [4]. (Source: Nutrition)
Source: Nutrition - November 2, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: Hannah L Mayr, Audrey C Tierney, Teagan Kucianski, Colleen J Thomas, Catherine Itsiopoulos Source Type: research

Bioimpedance vector analysis predicts hospital length-of-stay in acute heart failure
Acute heart failure (AHF) is defined as the rapid onset or worsening of symptoms and/or signs of HF [1]. The role of peripheral and central congestion in AHF or in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is highly significant for outcome purposes [2-4]. Data from the Initiation Management Pre-discharge Assessment of Carvedilol Heart Failure (IMPACT-HF) registry has already highlighted the negative influence of fluid volume overload on clinical outcomes which can impact on mortality and morbidity in these patients [2]. (Source: Nutrition)
Source: Nutrition - November 1, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: Francesco Massari, Pietro Scicchitano, Marco Matteo Ciccone, Pasquale Caldarola, Nadia Aspromonte, Massimo Iacoviello, Sabrina Barro, Ivan Pantano, Roberto Valle Source Type: research

Association of Pulse Wave Velocity with body fat measures at 30 years of age
In 2012, cardiovascular disease (CVD) was the leading cause of death among the noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) (17.5 million deaths, or 46% of all NCD deaths) [1]. Among the multiple cardiovascular risk factors, obesity is one of the most important, because it may increase the risk of other factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia [2]. The prevalence of overweight/obesity has increased substantially in the last few decades [3,4] and has been responsible for 10 to 40 % of CVD deaths [5]. (Source: Nutrition)
Source: Nutrition - November 1, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: Carolina Avila Vianna, Bernardo L Horta, Maria Cristina Gonzalez Source Type: research

Dietary patterns and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a Greek case-control study
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be a potential new component of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) [1]. It is characterized by excessive flux of fatty acids (FA) and triglycerides (TG) accumulation in the liver, primarily activated by dietary factors, obesity and insulin resistance [2]. This results in increased inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in the liver, conditions that lead to fibrosis and cell apoptosis. Moreover, genetic and epigenetic factors, as well as gut microbiome dysfunction, further induce hepatic steatosis, inflammation and oxidative stress. (Source: Nutrition)
Source: Nutrition - October 29, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: Ioanna Panagiota Kalafati, Dimitra Borsa, Maria Dimitriou, Konstantinos Revenas, Alexander Kokkinos, George Dedoussis Source Type: research

Neuropeptides in the microbiota-brain axis and feeding behavior in autism spectrum disorder
Altered feeding behavior is a common feature in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) adding to the main pathological characteristics of impaired communication and social interaction [1]. Typical alterations include both food refusal and aversion based on food texture, appearance or presentation of new food [2, 3]. Although ASD subjects consume sufficient amount of calories and do not typically display symptoms of malnutrition such as body weight loss, selective deficit of some vitamins and microelement can be present, mainly due to low consumption of fruits and vegetables [4, 5]. (Source: Nutrition)
Source: Nutrition - October 27, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: Sergue ï O. Fetissov, Olga V. Averina, Valery N. Danilenko Tags: Review article for Nutrition Source Type: research

Smoking status affects bioimpedance-derived phase angle in men but not in women: the pr Ó-saÚde study, brazil
Cigarette smoking is a major cause of preventable disease and premature death around the world, with most of these deaths occurring in low and middle-income countries [1]. This conjuncture may be worsen considering that, in general, smokers tend to adopt other unhealthy habits, including consumption of fewer nutritious foods, greater amounts of alcoholic beverages, calories [2] and a sedentary lifestyle that, ultimately, may affect body composition [3]. Smoking results in muscle wasting due to cigarette smoke substances which stimulate proteolysis and impair protein synthesis. (Source: Nutrition)
Source: Nutrition - October 27, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: Mariana Ribeiro Costa Portugal, Flavia Barbosa Brito, Cintia Chaves Curioni, Flavia Fioruci Bezerra, Eduardo Faerstein, Josely Correa Koury Source Type: research

Relationship between Saturated Fatty Acid Intake and Hypertension and Oxidative Stress
Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide [1]. Blood pressure (BP) is known to increase with age. The Framingham Heart Study reported that the residual lifetime risk of hypertension is 90%, while the probability of the new onset of hypertension is 60% for middle-aged and elderly individuals [2]. Therefore, the primary prevention of hypertension among middle-aged and elderly individuals is one of the most important public health issues. (Source: Nutrition)
Source: Nutrition - October 26, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: Haruki Nakamura, Hiromasa Tsujiguchi, Yasuhiro Kambayashi, Akinori Hara, Sakae Miyagi, Yohei Yamada, Thao Thi Thu Nguyen, Yukari Shimizu, Daisuke Hori, Hiroyuki Nakamura Source Type: research

The Maastricht-FFQ: Development and Validation of a Comprehensive Food Frequency Questionnaire for The Maastricht Study
To develop and validate a comprehensive food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for The Maastricht Study, a population-based prospective cohort study in Maastricht, The Netherlands. (Source: Nutrition)
Source: Nutrition - October 26, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: Martien C.J.M. van Dongen, Nicole E.G. Wijckmans-Duysens, Louise J.C.J. den Biggelaar, Marga C. Ock, Saskia Meijboom, Henny A.M Brants, Jeanne H.M. de Vries, Edith J.M. Feskens, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Anouk Geelen, Coen D.A. Stehouwer, Pieter C. Dagnel Source Type: research

Inflammatory process of patients receiving parenteral nutrition is not exclusively responsible for low selenium and glutathione peroxidase levels
Selenium and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels have been inversely correlated with the mortality and clinical complications [1,2,3]. Selenium is involved in the main metabolic functions of the body. Among them, the role of the immune system, thyroid metabolism and the antioxidative process have been highlighted [1,2,4]. This mineral supplementation seems to be an effective strategy to prevent or treat its deficiency, and contribute to reduction of hospitalizations and mortality rates [5]. (Source: Nutrition)
Source: Nutrition - October 26, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: Renata Germano Borges de Oliveira Nascimento Freitas, Gabriel Hessel, Silvia Maria Franciscato Cozzolino, Ana Carolina Junqueira Vasques, Kaluce Gon çalves de Sousa Almondes, José Alexandre Coelho Pimentel, Roberto José Negrão Nogueira Source Type: research

Dietary habits and adherence to dietary recommendations in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes compared with the general population in Denmark
Diet is a cornerstone in the management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and dietary guidance aim to maintain and improve healthy eating habits in order to achieve optimal metabolic control. According to The Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group (DNSG) of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes [1] dietary guidelines for patients with T1D and T2D are very similar to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) [2] including the National Food-based Dietary Guidelines [3] targeted the general population. (Source: Nutrition)
Source: Nutrition - October 25, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: B. Ewers, E. Trolle, E.S.S. Jacobsen, D. Vististen, T.P. Almdal, T. Vilsb øll, J.M. Bruun Source Type: research

Association of healthy eating index and oxidative stress in adolescent volleyball athletes and non-athletes
In sports, food is one of the pillars of health and performance. The development of nutritional guidelines, as well as the consensus and positioning of sport societies and reference agencies have multiplied in recent years due to the increasingly evident influence of macro- and micronutrients on exercise [1]. (Source: Nutrition)
Source: Nutrition - October 25, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: Priscila Berti Zanella, Pauline Maciel August, Fernanda Donner Alves, Cristiane Matt é, Carolina Guerini de Souza Source Type: research

Low vitamin D at ICU admission is associated with cancer, infections, acute respiratory insufficiency and liver failure
25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is synthesised by the skin from 7-dehydrocholesterol in response to sun exposure [1], and can also be obtained through the diet [2]. Both dietary and endogenous vitamin D concentrations are considered biologically inactive. To become active, vitamin D undergoes hydroxylation, initially in the liver by 25-hydroxylase, forming 25(OH)D; subsequently, 25(OH)D undergoes further hydroxylation by 1 alpha-hydroxylase in the kidney and forms 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D, the active form of vitamin D [3,4]. (Source: Nutrition)
Source: Nutrition - October 24, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: Tatyanne L N Gomes, Renata C Fernandes, Liana L Vieira, Raquel M Schincaglia, Jo ão F Mota, Marciano S Nóbrega, Claude Pichard, Gustavo D Pimentel Source Type: research