Nitric Oxide(II) in the Biology of Chlorophyta
Mol Biol (Mosk). 2023 Nov-Dec;57(6):916-924.ABSTRACTNO is a gaseous signaling redox-active molecule that functions in various eukaryotes. However, its synthesis, turnover, and effects in cells are specific in plants in several aspects. Compared with higher plants, the role of NO in Chlorophyta has not been investigated enough. However, some of the mechanisms for controlling the levels of this signaling molecule have been characterized in model green algae. In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, NO synthesis is carried out by a dual system of nitrate reductase and NO-forming nitrite reductase. Other mechanisms that might produce NO ...
Source: Molekuliarnaia Biologiia - December 8, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: E V Ermilova Source Type: research
Dinityrosyl Iron Complexes with Thiol-Containing Ligands as a Functionally Active "Working Form" of Nitric Oxide System in Living Organisms: A Review
Mol Biol (Mosk). 2023 Nov-Dec;57(6):925-937.ABSTRACTExperimental data were summarized to assume that dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) with thiol-containing ligands are an endogenous "working form" of the nitric oxide (NO) system in living organisms. DNICs can function as donors of both neutral NO molecules, which are responsible for positive regulatory effects of the NO system on various physiological and biochemical processes in humans and animals, and nitrosonium cations (NO^(+)), which are responsible mostly for negative cytotoxic activity of the system. Special attention is paid to the finding that DNICs, especially i...
Source: Molekuliarnaia Biologiia - December 8, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: A F Vanin Source Type: research
The Effects of the Hydrogen Sulfide Donor GYY4137 on the Proteasome Pool of Colorectal Cancer Cells
Mol Biol (Mosk). 2023 Nov-Dec;57(6):938-948.ABSTRACTCancer cells are characterized by an increased level of metabolism and are highly dependent on the correct functioning of the processes that ensure homeostasis. Reactive sulfur species (RSS) are important molecular modulators of metabolic processes in both healthy and tumor cells. The effect of RSS and, in particular, H2S, on key cellular systems, including the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), which provides the destruction of most intracellular proteins, has been shown. The main components of the UPS are proteasomes, multisubunit protein complexes, within which proteol...
Source: Molekuliarnaia Biologiia - December 8, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: E V Grigorieva T M Astakhova A V Burov V L Karpov A V Morozov Source Type: research
Heat Shock Proteins in Plant Protection from Oxidative Stress
Mol Biol (Mosk). 2023 Nov-Dec;57(6):949-964.ABSTRACTThis review considers the recent progress on the role of heat shock proteins (HSPs), as well as transcription factors of heat shock proteins genes (HSFs) in protecting plants from oxidative stress induced by various types of abiotic and biotic stresses. HSPs are pleiotropic proteins involved in various intracellular processes and performing many important functions. In particular, HSPs increase plant resistance to stress by protecting the structure and activity of proteins of the antioxidant system. Overexpression of Hsp genes under stressful conditions, leading to an inc...
Source: Molekuliarnaia Biologiia - December 8, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: N P Yurina Source Type: research
Changes in the Activity of Antioxidant Systems of Escherichia coli under Phosphate Starvation
Mol Biol (Mosk). 2023 Nov-Dec;57(6):965-978.ABSTRACTChanges in the activity of antioxidant systems in Escherichia coli during phosphate starvation have been studied. It is shown that starvation was accompanied by a decrease in the intensity of respiration, an increase in the rate of superoxide production, and a decrease in the level of ATP. Simultaneously, there was a decrease in H2O2 in the medium and a significant increase in the expression of the katG and katE genes which encode the HPI and HPII catalases, respectively. At the same time, there was no drop in the membrane potential, which may indicate the retention of no...
Source: Molekuliarnaia Biologiia - December 8, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: G V Smirnova A V Tyulenev N G Muzyka L V Sutormina O N Oktyabrsky Source Type: research
The Antioxidant and Geroprotective Properties of an Extract of Mountain Ash (Sorbus aucuparia L.) Fruits
Mol Biol (Mosk). 2023 Nov-Dec;57(6):979-994.ABSTRACTPlant polyphenols are characterized by a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant properties, and have a high geroprotective potential. The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of the extract of rowan berries (Sorbus aucuparia L.) on the lifespan and stress resistance of Drosophila melanogaster with the identification of possible mechanisms of its biological activity. It has been established that an ethanol extract of S. aucuparia berries, the main components of which are rutin and cyanidin-3-rutinoside, has a pronounced antioxidant activit...
Source: Molekuliarnaia Biologiia - December 8, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: E Yu Platonova D A Golubev N V Zemskaya O G Shevchenko S A Patov M V Shaposhnikov A A Moskalev Source Type: research
Low-Molecular Thiols as a Factor Improving the Sensitivity of Escherichia coli Mutants with Impaired ADP-Heptose Synthesis to Antibiotics
Mol Biol (Mosk). 2023 Nov-Dec;57(6):995-1005.ABSTRACTLow molecular-weight thiols as glutathione and cysteine are an important part of the cell's redox regulation system. Previously, we have shown that inactivation of ADP-heptose synthesis in Escherichia coli with a gmhA deletion induces the oxidative stress. It is accompanied by rearrangement of thiol homeostasis and increased sensitivity to antibiotics. In our study, we found that restriction of cysteine metabolism (ΔcysB and ΔcysE) and inhibition of glutathione synthesis (ΔgshAB) lead to a decrease in the sensitivity of the ΔgmhA mutant to antibiotics but not to its ...
Source: Molekuliarnaia Biologiia - December 8, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: T A Seregina I Yu Petrushanko P I Zaripov Yu D Kuleshova K V Lobanov R S Shakulov V A Mitkevich A A Makarov A S Mironov Source Type: research
The Thymic Hormone Thymosin-1 α Reduces the Pro-Inflammatory Response of Raw 264.7 Cells Induced by Endotoxin
Mol Biol (Mosk). 2023 Nov-Dec;57(6):1006-1016.ABSTRACTThe aim of this work was to study the effects of thymosin-1 alpha (Tα1) on the anti-inflammatory response of RAW 264.7 macrophages cultured in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the walls of gram-negative bacteria. As well, we evaluated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the activity of the NF-κB and SAPK/JNK signaling pathways. In addition, the level of expression of a number of genes that regulate cell apoptosis, as well as the activity of receptors involved in the pro-inflammatory response, was determined. First, the addition of Tα1 normalized...
Source: Molekuliarnaia Biologiia - December 8, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: E G Novoselova O V Glushkova M O Khrenov S M Lunin M G Sharapov R G Goncharov E K Mubarakshina T V Novoselova S B Parfenyuk Source Type: research
The Protective Action of Hsp70 and Hydrogen Sulfide Donors in THP-1 Macrophages in the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response by Modulating Endocytosis
Mol Biol (Mosk). 2023 Nov-Dec;57(6):1017-1027.ABSTRACTHsp70 and hydrogen sulfide donors reduce inflammatory processes in human and animal cells. The biological action mediated by Hsp70 and H2S donors (GYY4137 and sodium thiosulfate) depends on their protection kinetics from cell activation by lipopolysaccharides. However, the molecular mechanisms of action of Hsp70 and H2S are not well understood. We studied the effect of human recombinant Hsp70 and H2S donors on the formation of reactive oxygen species and tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced in human cells (THP-1) by lipopolysaccharides. Transcriptomic changes occurring i...
Source: Molekuliarnaia Biologiia - December 8, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: M M Yurinskaya D G Garbuz M B Evgen'ev M G Vinokurov Source Type: research
Role of Mitochondria in Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Mol Biol (Mosk). 2023 Nov-Dec;57(6):1028-1042.ABSTRACTInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is widespread in industrial countries with every 20th citizen being affected. Dysregulation of the epithelial barrier function is considered to play a key role in IBD. Permeability of the intestinal epithelium depends mostly on its self-renewal potential and the condition of intercellular junctions. Mitochondria are involved in regulating various intracellular processes in addition to their energy function. Recent data implicate mitochondria in intestinal epithelial barrier regulation and IBD. Mitochondrial dysfunction is possibly one of...
Source: Molekuliarnaia Biologiia - December 8, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: D A Chernyavskij I I Galkin A N Pavlyuchenkova A V Fedorov M A Chelombitko Source Type: research
The Redox-Catalytic Properties of Cobalamins
Mol Biol (Mosk). 2023 Nov-Dec;57(6):1043-1057.ABSTRACTVitamin B12, or cobalamin, is essential for normal body function and is used in the therapies of different diseases. Vitamin B12 has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that can play an important role in the prevention of some diseases. On the other hand, it has been reported that vitamin B12 in combination with such reducing agents as ascorbate (vitamin C) and thiols showed prooxidant activity. This review provides information on the roles of vitamin B12 in diseases accompanied by inflammation and oxidative stress and the effects of vitamin B12 administrated a...
Source: Molekuliarnaia Biologiia - December 8, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Yu V Shatalin V S Shubina M E Solovieva V S Akatov Source Type: research
Transcription Factor NRF2 in Endothelial Functions
Mol Biol (Mosk). 2023 Nov-Dec;57(6):1058-1076.ABSTRACTThe transcription factor NRF2 is a major regulator of cell antioxidant defense. NRF2 is activated by various stimuli, such as oxidants and electrophiles, to induce transcription of a number of genes whose products are involved in xenobiotic metabolism and contribute to the reduction of oxidative stress. NRF2 is one of the key transcription factors that ensure the endothelial cell function. The endothelium is a cell layer that lines the lumens of blood vessels and performs various homeostatic functions, controlling migration of leukocytes, regulating thrombosis and vascu...
Source: Molekuliarnaia Biologiia - December 8, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: N D Kondratenko L A Zinovkina R A Zinovkin Source Type: research
Identification of Melittin-Like Proteins with a Molecular Weight of 67 κDa that Interact with Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase
Mol Biol (Mosk). 2023 Nov-Dec;57(6):1077-1083.ABSTRACTMelittin, a peptide from bee venom, was found to be able to interact with many proteins, including calmodulin target proteins and ion-transporting P-type ATPases. It is assumed that melittin mimics a protein module involved in protein-protein interactions within cells. Previously, a Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase containing the α1 isoform of the catalytic subunit was found to co-precipitate with a protein with a molecular weight of about 70 κDa that interacts with antibodies against melittin by cross immunoprecipitation. In the presence of a specific Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase inhibito...
Source: Molekuliarnaia Biologiia - December 8, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: L A Varfolomeeva E A Klimanova S V Sidorenko D A Fedorov O D Lopina Source Type: research
Cytochrome bd as Antioxidant Redox Enzyme
Mol Biol (Mosk). 2023 Nov-Dec;57(6):1084.ABSTRACTOne of the main functions of enzyme complexes that constitute electron transport (respiratory) chains of organisms is to maintain cellular redox homeostasis by oxidizing reducing equivalents, NADH and quinol. Cytochrome bd is a unique terminal oxidase of the chains of many bacteria including pathogenic species. This redox enzyme couples the oxidation of ubiquinol or menaquinol by molecular oxygen to the generation of proton motive force, a universal energy currency. The latter is used by the organism to produce ATP, another cellular energy currency, via oxidative phosphoryla...
Source: Molekuliarnaia Biologiia - December 8, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: V B Borisov M R Nastasi E Forte Source Type: research
Characteristics of δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase of the Cold-Water Sponge Halisarca dujardinii
Mol Biol (Mosk). 2023 Nov-Dec;57(6):1085-1097.ABSTRACTδ-Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) is a key enzyme of the cytoplasmic heme biosynthesis pathway. The primary structure of the ALAD gene, the multimeric structure of the ALAD/hemB protein, and ALAD expression during the annual reproductive cycle were studied in the cold-water marine sponge Halisarca dujardinii. The results implicated the GATA-1 transcription factor and DNA methylation in regulating ALAD expression. Re-aggregation of sponge cells was accompanied by a decrease in ALAD expression and a change in the cell content of an active ALAD/hemB form. Further s...
Source: Molekuliarnaia Biologiia - December 8, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: O I Kravchuk A D Finoshin K V Mikhailov R H Ziganshin K I Adameyko N G Gornostaev A I Zhurakovskaya V S Mikhailov E I Shagimardanova Yu V Lyupina Source Type: research
