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Fundamental Concepts Regarding the Assessment and Analysis of Blood Volume Adaptations
No abstract available (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - November 17, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: SPECIAL COMMUNICATIONS: Letter to the Editor-in-Chief Source Type: research

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2021 Paper of the Year: The Role of Steps per Day in Preventing “Exercise Resistance”
No abstract available (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - November 17, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: SPECIAL COMMUNICATIONS Source Type: research

Reliability and Comparison of Sonographic Methods for In Vivo Measurement of Human Biceps Femoris Long-Head Architecture
Introduction Biceps femoris long-head fascicle length (Lf), fascicle angle (FA), and muscle thickness (MT) estimates obtained across 2 d from extended field-of-view (EFOV) sonographic images were compared with those measured from a collage of single ultrasound images (to visualize entire fascicles) as well as a range of geometric equations and extrapolation methods used on single images. Both test validity and intraday reliability were determined. Methods Twenty healthy adults (10 men and 10 women) were tested on two occasions (day 1 and day 2), 7 d apart at the same time of day for test–retest measurements. U...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - November 17, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Mechanical Factors Contributing to Altered Knee Extension Moment during Gait after ACL Reconstruction: A Longitudinal Analysis
This study aimed to comprehensively examine the extent to which knee flexion angle at initial contact, peak knee flexion angle, and vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) contribute to knee extension moments during gait in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Methods Overground gait biomechanics were evaluated in 26 participants with ACL reconstruction at three time points (about 2, 4, and 6 months after the surgery). Knee flexion angle at initial contact, peak knee flexion angle, peak vGRF, and peak knee extension moment were calculated for each limb during the early stance phase of gait...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - November 17, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Effect of an Isometric or Eccentric Hip Extension Exercise Intervention on Hamstring Strength, Architecture, and Morphology
This study aimed to investigate hamstring architectural, strength, and morphological adaptations after an eccentric or isometric hip extension exercise intervention. Methods Twenty-four recreationally active males performed either an eccentric (n = 12) or an isometric hip extension (n = 12) exercise intervention, twice per week for 6 wk, followed by a 4-wk detraining period. Biceps femoris long head (BFlh) architecture was assessed pre-intervention, mid-intervention, post-intervention, and post-detraining via two-dimensional ultrasound. Strength was assessed pre-intervention, post-intervention, and post-detraining d...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - November 17, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

DeepACSA: Automatic Segmentation of Cross-Sectional Area in Ultrasound Images of Lower Limb Muscles Using Deep Learning
Conclusions DeepACSA provides fast and objective segmentation of lower limb panoramic ultrasound images comparable with manual segmentation. Inaccurate model predictions occurred predominantly on low-quality images, highlighting the importance of high-quality image for accurate prediction. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - November 17, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

A 4-Yr Mixed Longitudinal Study of Health Behaviors and Fat Mass Accrual during Adolescence and Early Adulthood
Conclusions MVPA demonstrates an independent and negative effect on fat mass in boys and girls. Given different trajectories of fat mass accrual and movement behaviors between boys and girls, PA interventions aimed at preventing obesity in youth may benefit from a sex and gendered approach. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - November 17, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Sustained Sleep Restriction Reduces Resistance Exercise Quality and Quantity in Females
This study investigated the effect of nine nights of moderate SR on repeated resistance exercise performance, hormonal responses, and perceived fatigue in females. Methods Ten healthy, resistance-trained, eumenorrheic females age 18–35 yr underwent nine nights of SR (5-h time in bed) and normal sleep (NS; ≥7-h time in bed) in a randomized, crossover fashion with a minimum 6-wk washout. Participants completed four resistance exercise sessions per trial, with blood samples collected before and after exercise. Exercise performance was assessed using volume load, reactive strength index, and mean concentric velocity...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - November 17, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Supervised Physical Activity Quickly Improves Social Dimension of Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients
The objectives of the present study was to evaluate the implementation of the program in real life and the evolution of the quality of life (QoL) in breast cancer patients after 3 months of supervised PA in real life and to determine the factors associated with changes in various QoL dimensions. Methods This prospective cohort study was carried out in female patients with breast cancer diagnosed within a maximum of 3 yr. QoL and physical exertion intensity during the supervised physical activity (PA) sessions were assessed by the Quality of Life Questionnaire for Cancer and Borg scale, respectively. Statistical anal...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - November 17, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Load Carriage and Physical Exertion Influence Soldier Emotional Responses
Conclusions These results support affect exertion models such as the Dual Mode Theory, whereby physical exertion becomes less pleasant with increasing intensity, and provide insights into how affective responses applied contexts may help predict time to fatigue or failure. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - November 17, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

The Muscle Morphology of Elite Female Sprint Running
Conclusions This investigation illustrates the distinctive, anatomically specific muscle volume distribution that facilitates elite sprint running in females, and emphasizes the importance of hip flexor and extensor relative muscle volume. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - November 17, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Correlates of the Physical Activity Decline during Childhood
Conclusions MVPA systematically declines from 5 to 10 yr of age in both boys and girls, but boys remained more active than girls across the age range. The best predictors of MVPA decline are sex, BMI, musculoskeletal fitness, and school playground dimension. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - November 17, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: EPIDEMIOLOGY Source Type: research

Joint Profiles of Sedentary Time and Physical Activity in Adults and Their Associations with Cardiometabolic Health
Conclusions After accounting for sleep duration and cardiorespiratory fitness, waking activity profiles characterized by performing more physical activity at light-intensity upward, resulting in less time spent in sedentary, were associated with better cardiometabolic health. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - November 17, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: EPIDEMIOLOGY Source Type: research

Bone–Patellar Tendon–Bone Autograft Harvest Prolongs Extensor Latency during Gait 2 yr after ACLR
Conclusions Our hypothesis that the BPTB graft group would demonstrate longer extensor latency was supported. Contrary to our second hypothesis, however, latency only improved in RF and regardless of graft type, indicating that neuromuscular deficits associated with BPTB grafts may persist 2 yr after surgery. Persistent deficits may be mediated by changes in the patellar tendon’s mechanical properties. Graft-specific rehabilitation may be warranted to address the long-term neuromechanical deficits that are present after BPTB graft harvest. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - November 17, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: BASIC SCIENCES Source Type: research

Exercise-Induced Fatigue in Hamstring versus Quadriceps Muscles and Consequences on the Torque–Duration Relationship in Men
Purpose The present study investigated the mechanisms of neuromuscular fatigue in quadriceps and hamstring muscles and its consequences on the torque–duration relationship. Methods Twelve healthy men performed a 5-min all-out exercise (3-s contraction, 2-s relaxation) with either quadriceps or hamstring muscles on separate days. Central fatigue and peripheral fatigue were quantified via changes in pre- to postexercise voluntary activation (VA) and potentiated twitch (PTw) torque evoked by supramaximal electrical stimulation, respectively. Critical torque was determined as the mean torque of the last six contra...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - November 17, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: BASIC SCIENCES Source Type: research