PD-L1 Blockade Improves Survival in Sepsis by Reversing Monocyte Dysfunction and Immune Disorder
In this study, 52 septic patients, 28 septic shock patients, and 40 healthy controls were enrolled and their peripheral whole blood was examined by flow cytometry. Then, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) were performed for establishing the mouse sepsis model. Subsequently, effects of anti-PD-L1 antibody on monocyte subset, major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II) expression, cytokine production, and survival were investigated. PD-L1 expression on the classical monocytes (CD14  + + CD16 −) was significantly upregulated among septic shock patients and the 28-day death group than non-septic shock group and 28-da...
Source: Inflammation - September 30, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Single-Cell Sequencing Reveals the Expression of Immune-Related Genes in Macrophages of Diabetic Kidney Disease
This study aims to identify immune-related genes (IRGs) in macrophage and explore their potential as therapeutic targets. This study analyzed isolated glomerular cells from three diabetic mice and three control mice. A total of 59 glomeruli from normal kidney samples and 66 from DKD samples were acquired from four kidney transcriptomic profiling datasets. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted using both single-cell RNA (scRNA) and bulk RNA sequencing data to investigate inflammatory responses in DKD. Additionally, the “AUCell” function was used to investigate statistically different gene sets. The significance of each ...
Source: Inflammation - September 30, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

PD-L1 Blockade Improves Survival in Sepsis by Reversing Monocyte Dysfunction and Immune Disorder
In this study, 52 septic patients, 28 septic shock patients, and 40 healthy controls were enrolled and their peripheral whole blood was examined by flow cytometry. Then, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) were performed for establishing the mouse sepsis model. Subsequently, effects of anti-PD-L1 antibody on monocyte subset, major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II) expression, cytokine production, and survival were investigated. PD-L1 expression on the classical monocytes (CD14  + + CD16 −) was significantly upregulated among septic shock patients and the 28-day death group than non-septic shock group and 28-da...
Source: Inflammation - September 30, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Anti-Necroptotic Effects of Itaconate and its Derivatives
In this study, we aimed to explore whether itaconate and its derivatives can inhibit necroptosis in murine macrophages, a mouse MPC-5 cell line and a human HT-29 cell line in response to different necroptotic activators. Our results showed that itaconate and its derivatives dose-dependently inhibited necroptosis, among which dimethyl itaconate (DMI) was the most effective one. Mechanistically, itaconate and its derivatives inhibited necroptosis by suppressing the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL signaling and the oligomerization of MLKL. Furthermore, DMI promoted the nucle ar translocation of Nrf2 that is a critical regulator of intracell...
Source: Inflammation - September 27, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

MDA5 Enhances Invasive Candida albicans Infection by Regulating Macrophage Apoptosis and Phagocytosis/Killing Functions
AbstractCandida albicans is a common opportunistic pathogenic fungus. The innate immune system provides the first-line host defense against fungal infection. Innate immune receptors and downstream molecules have been shown to play various roles during fungal infection. The innate immune receptor MDA5, encoded by the geneIfih1, enhances host resistance against viral andAspergillus fumigatus infection by inducing the production of interferons (IFNs). However, the role of MDA5 inC. albicans infection is still unclear. Here, we found that the gene expression levels ofIFIH1 were significantly increased in innate immune cells af...
Source: Inflammation - September 23, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Deficiency of N6-Methyladenosine Demethylase ALKBH5 Alleviates Ultraviolet B Radiation-Induced Chronic Actinic Dermatitis via Regulating Pyroptosis
This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of m6A demethylase AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) in pyroptosis in the process of chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD). Changes of m6A-related genes were evaluated between CAD and normal samples using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB; 10, 20, and 30  mJ/cm2), followed by evaluation of cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1 β, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α)), and pyroptosis-related proteins (gasdermin D (GSDMD), Caspase-1, and Caspase-4...
Source: Inflammation - September 23, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

MDA5 Enhances Invasive Candida albicans Infection by Regulating Macrophage Apoptosis and Phagocytosis/Killing Functions
AbstractCandida albicans is a common opportunistic pathogenic fungus. The innate immune system provides the first-line host defense against fungal infection. Innate immune receptors and downstream molecules have been shown to play various roles during fungal infection. The innate immune receptor MDA5, encoded by the geneIfih1, enhances host resistance against viral andAspergillus fumigatus infection by inducing the production of interferons (IFNs). However, the role of MDA5 inC. albicans infection is still unclear. Here, we found that the gene expression levels ofIFIH1 were significantly increased in innate immune cells af...
Source: Inflammation - September 23, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Deficiency of N6-Methyladenosine Demethylase ALKBH5 Alleviates Ultraviolet B Radiation-Induced Chronic Actinic Dermatitis via Regulating Pyroptosis
This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of m6A demethylase AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) in pyroptosis in the process of chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD). Changes of m6A-related genes were evaluated between CAD and normal samples using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB; 10, 20, and 30  mJ/cm2), followed by evaluation of cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1 β, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α)), and pyroptosis-related proteins (gasdermin D (GSDMD), Caspase-1, and Caspase-4...
Source: Inflammation - September 23, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Interplay of IL-33 and IL-35 Modulates Th2/Th17 Responses in Cigarette Smoke Exposure HDM-Induced Asthma
AbstractCigarette smoke (CS) facilitates adverse effects on the airway inflammation and treatment of asthma. Here, we investigated the mechanisms by which CS exacerbates asthma. The roles of IL-33 and IL-35 in asthma development were examined by treatment with IL-33 knockout (IL-33 KO) or transfection of adenovirus encoding IL-35 (Ad-IL-35) in a murine model of cigarette smoke-exposure asthma. Furthermore, the involvement of IL-33 and IL-35 in regulating DCs and Th2/Th17 cells was examined in a coculture system of DCs with CD4+ T cells. Additionally, we observed the effect of CpG-ODNs on the balance of IL-33 and IL-35. We ...
Source: Inflammation - September 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Musclin Mitigates the Attachment of HUVECs to THP-1 Monocytes in Hyperlipidemic Conditions through PPAR α/HO-1-Mediated Attenuation of Inflammation
This study aimed to explore the impact of musclin on inflammatory responses and the interaction between endothelial cells and monocytes under hyperlipidemic conditions. The attachment levels of THP-1 monocytes on cultured HUVECs were examined. Inflammation and the expression of cell adhesion molecules were also evaluated. To explore the molecular mechanisms of musclin, PPAR α or heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) siRNA transfection was performed in HUVECs. The results revealed that treatment with recombinant musclin effectively suppressed the attachment of palmitate-induced HUVECs to THP-1 cells and reduced the expression of cell ad...
Source: Inflammation - September 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Interplay of IL-33 and IL-35 Modulates Th2/Th17 Responses in Cigarette Smoke Exposure HDM-Induced Asthma
AbstractCigarette smoke (CS) facilitates adverse effects on the airway inflammation and treatment of asthma. Here, we investigated the mechanisms by which CS exacerbates asthma. The roles of IL-33 and IL-35 in asthma development were examined by treatment with IL-33 knockout (IL-33 KO) or transfection of adenovirus encoding IL-35 (Ad-IL-35) in a murine model of cigarette smoke-exposure asthma. Furthermore, the involvement of IL-33 and IL-35 in regulating DCs and Th2/Th17 cells was examined in a coculture system of DCs with CD4+ T cells. Additionally, we observed the effect of CpG-ODNs on the balance of IL-33 and IL-35. We ...
Source: Inflammation - September 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Musclin Mitigates the Attachment of HUVECs to THP-1 Monocytes in Hyperlipidemic Conditions through PPAR α/HO-1-Mediated Attenuation of Inflammation
This study aimed to explore the impact of musclin on inflammatory responses and the interaction between endothelial cells and monocytes under hyperlipidemic conditions. The attachment levels of THP-1 monocytes on cultured HUVECs were examined. Inflammation and the expression of cell adhesion molecules were also evaluated. To explore the molecular mechanisms of musclin, PPAR α or heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) siRNA transfection was performed in HUVECs. The results revealed that treatment with recombinant musclin effectively suppressed the attachment of palmitate-induced HUVECs to THP-1 cells and reduced the expression of cell ad...
Source: Inflammation - September 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Tangeretin Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia –Reperfusion-Induced Neuronal Pyroptosis by Inhibiting AIM2 Inflammasome Activation via Regulating NRF2
In conclusion, TANG attenuates cerebral I/R-induced neuronal pyroptosis by inhibiting AIM2 inflammasome activation via regulating NRF2. These findings indicate TANG is a potential therapeutic agent for cerebral I/R injury. (Source: Inflammation)
Source: Inflammation - September 19, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research