Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Recurrent UTI in Women –Risk Factors and Management
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in women; more than 50% of women will be diagnosed with a UTI in her lifetime. Many of these women will go on to develop recurrent UTI. Nevertheless, evidence-based prevention of recurrent UTI is under-utilized. Here, the authors provide detailed practical advice on UTI prevention with a thorough review of the evidence. Non-antibiotic prevention measures discussed include increased fluid intake, vaginal estrogen therapy, methenamine, and cranberry. Antibiotic prophyalxis for carefully selected patients is also discussed. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America)
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - April 10, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jacob E. Lazarus, Kalpana Gupta Source Type: research

Managing External Urinary Catheters
This narrative review explores the use of external urinary catheters. These devices are available in various types and materials for male and female patients. The indications for the use of external urinary catheters include managing incontinence linked to overactive bladder and neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction. Contraindications to the use of external urinary catheters include urinary obstruction. Proper skin care and proactive infection control measures are necessary to prevent complications. The collection of a urine specimen for culture requires a standardized technique to prevent contamination. Clinician-led...
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - April 10, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Corina Lopez, Barbara W. Trautner, Prathit A. Kulkarni Source Type: research

Unitary Tract Infection Treatment
In this study, the authors review antibiotic treatment options for both acute uncomplicated and complicated urinary tract infection (UTI). In addition, they also review regimens used in the setting of drug-resistant pathogens including vancomycin resistant Enterococcus, extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacterals, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterals and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas, which are encountered with increasing frequency. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America)
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - April 8, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Arsheena Yassin, Keith S. Kaye, Tanaya Bhowmick Source Type: research

Urinary Tract Infection Diagnostic and Management Considerations in People with Spinal Cord Injury and Neurogenic Bladder
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common complications in people with neurogenic bladder. Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment are challenging for several reasons, including a high prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria and catheter use, frequent ambiguous nonlocalizing signs and symptoms, increased risk for complications and difficult-to-treat pathogens, and a lack of effective preventative methods. Current research aims to improve elicitation and evaluation of signs and symptoms, implement algorithms to avoid urine cultures in asymptomatic patients and use appropriate antibiotics for UTI, and identify novel effective p...
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - April 4, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Margaret A. Fitzpatrick, Nnamdi Nwafo Source Type: research

Scientific Advances in Understanding the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Prevention of Urinary Tract Infection in the Past 10  Years
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a very common disease that is accompanied by various complications in the affected person. UTI triggers diverse inflammatory reactions locally in the infected urinary bladder and kidney, causing tissue destruction and organ failure. Moreover, systemic responses in the entire body carry the risk of urosepsis with far-reaching consequences. Understanding the cell-, organ-, and systemic mechanisms in UTI are crucial for prevention, early intervention, and current therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes the scientific advances over the last 10  years concerning pathogenesis, prevention,...
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - April 3, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Daniel R. Engel, Florian M.E. Wagenlehner, Olga Shevchuk Source Type: research

Diagnostic Stewardship for Urine Cultures
This article reviews diagnostic stewardship methods and closes with a case study illustrating these principles in practice. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America)
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - April 3, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: K.C. Coffey, Kimberley Claeys, Daniel J. Morgan Source Type: research

Reducing Treatment of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria
Asymptomatic bacteriuria is common, but usually benign. Inappropriate antimicrobial treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria contributes to negative antimicrobial outcomes. Optimizing antimicrobial use for bacteriuria is a component of antimicrobial stewardship programs and includes key practices of dissemination and implementation of guidelines, laboratory practices which support stewardship, and programs to monitor and implement optimal antimicrobial treatment for urinary infection. These activities vary in their effectiveness, costs, and complexity to institute. Stewardship strategies targeting unique populations with a hi...
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - April 3, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Lindsay E. Nicolle Source Type: research

Antibiotic Stewardship Interventions for Urinary Tract Infections in Outpatient Settings
Inappropriate antibiotic choice or duration of therapy for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in outpatients is common and is a major contributor to antibiotic overuse. Most studies on outpatient antibiotic stewardship for UTIs follow a pre-design or post-design with a multifaceted intervention; these trials generally have found improvement in appropriateness of antibiotic use for UTI. Audit and feedback was one of the most commonly employed strategies across these trials but may not be sustainable. Future research on antibiotic stewardship for UTIs in outpatients should measure both effectiveness and implementation success. ...
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - April 3, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Larissa Grigoryan, Barbara W. Trautner Source Type: research

Urinary Tract Infection in Male Patients
Urinary tract infections in male patients share many of the management principles as used in the management of female patients, including the need to accurately define the clinical syndrome, choose empirical therapy based on the severity of illness and the potential for antimicrobial resistance, and consider the need for source control in severely ill patients. The microbiology of the causative organisms is more unpredictable compared to female patients, and data to inform treatment decisions from clinical trials specific to male patients are relatively scarce. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America)
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - April 3, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Dimitri M. Drekonja Source Type: research

Untangling the Nuances Complicating Urinary Tract Infection Diagnosis and Management: Moving Beyond the Basics
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an extremely common infection that impacts providers and patients across the continuum of care. Although many clinicians feel comfortable with the basic approach to UTI diagnosis and management, the range of syndromes, presence of complicating host features, and ever-changing resistance patterns make UTI anything but a basic condition. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America)
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - March 26, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Kalpana Gupta Tags: Preface Source Type: research

Infections in Heart and Lung Transplant Recipients
This article reviews the epidemiology, risk factors, specific clinical syndromes, and most frequent opportunistic infections in heart and/or lung transplant recipients that will be encountered in the intensive care unit and will provide a practical approach of empirical management. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America)
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - January 26, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Mohammed Alsaeed, Shahid Husain Source Type: research

Opportunistic Infections Post-Lung Transplantation: Viral, Fungal, and Mycobacterial
Opportunistic infections are a leading cause of lung transplant recipient morbidity and mortality. Risk factors for infection include continuous exposure of the lung allograft to the external environment, high levels of immunosuppression, impaired mucociliary clearance and decreased cough reflex, and impact of the native lung microbiome in single lung transplant recipients. Infection risk is mitigated through careful pretransplant screening of recipients and donors, implementation of antimicrobial prophylaxis strategies, and routine surveillance posttransplant. This review describes common viral, fungal, and mycobacterial ...
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - January 26, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Gabriela Magda Source Type: research

Novel Approaches to Multidrug-Resistant Infections in Cystic Fibrosis
Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) often develop respiratory tract infections with pathogenic multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and a variety of gram-negative organisms that include Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia sp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Despite the introduction of new therapies to address underlying cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction, MDRO infections remain a problem and novel antimicrobial interventions are still needed. Therapeutic approaches incl...
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - January 26, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Thomas S. Murray, Gail Stanley, Jonathan L. Koff Source Type: research

Novel and Rapid Diagnostics for Common Infections in the Critically Ill Patient
There are several novel platforms that enhance detection of pathogens that cause common infections in the intensive care unit. These platforms have a sample to answer time of a few hours, are often higher yield than culture, and have the potential to improve antibiotic stewardship. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America)
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - January 26, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Chiagozie I. Pickens, Richard G. Wunderink Source Type: research

Management of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
Two recent major guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) recommend consideration of local antibiotic resistance patterns and individual patient risks for resistant pathogens when formulating an initial empiric antibiotic regimen. One recommends against invasive diagnostic techniques with quantitative cultures to determine the cause of VAP; the other recommends either invasive or noninvasive techniques. Both guidelines recommend short-course therapy be used for most patients with VAP. Although neither guideline recommends use of procalcitonin as an adjunct to clinical judgment when dia...
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - January 26, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Mark L. Metersky, Andre C. Kalil Source Type: research