Development and characterization of a non-human primate model of disseminated synucleinopathy
DiscussionObtained data extends current models of synucleinopathies in NHPs, providing a reproducible platform enabling the adequate implementation of end-stage preclinical screening of new drugs targeting alpha-synuclein. (Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - March 27, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Differences in vocal brain areas and astrocytes between the house wren and the rufous-tailed hummingbird
The house wren shows complex song, and the rufous-tailed hummingbird has a simple song. The location of vocal brain areas supports the song’s complexity; however, these still need to be studied. The astrocytic population in songbirds appears to be associated with change in vocal control nuclei; however, astrocytic distribution and morphology have not been described in these species. Consequently, we compared the distribution and volume of the vocal brain areas: HVC, RA, Area X, and LMAN, cell density, and the morphology of astrocytes in the house wren and the rufous-tailed hummingbird. Individuals of the two species were...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - March 27, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Exploring an innovative decellularization protocol for porcine nerve grafts: a translational approach to peripheral nerve repair
This study focuses on a novel decellularization protocol for porcine nerves, aimed at reducing immunogenicity while preserving essential elements like the extracellular matrix and basal lamina, vital for nerve regeneration. To investigate the efficacy of the decellularization protocol to remove immunogenic cellular components of the nerve tissue and to preserve the basal lamina and extracellular matrix, morphological analysis was performed through Masson’s Trichrome staining, immunofluorescence, high resolution light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Decellularized porcine nerve graft were then employed in...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - March 19, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Localization of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels in the vertebrate retinas across species and their physiological roles
Transmembrane proteins known as hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels control the movement of Na+ and K+ ions across cellular membranes. HCN channels are known to be involved in crucial physiological functions in regulating neuronal excitability and rhythmicity, and pacemaker activity in the heart. Although HCN channels have been relatively well investigated in the brain, their distribution and function in the retina have received less attention, remaining their physiological roles to be comprehensively understood. Also, because recent studies reported HCN channels have been somewhat linked wit...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - March 18, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Phylogenetic reduction of the magnocellular red nucleus in primates and inter-subject variability in humans
DiscussionThat is, the red nucleus has transformed from a magnocellular-dominated to a parvocellular-dominated station. It is reasonable to assume that these changes are intertwined with evolutionary developments in other brain regions, in particular the motor system. We speculate that the interspecies variations might partly reflect the differences in hand dexterity but also the tentative involvement of the red nucleus in sensory and cognitive functions. (Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - March 13, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Editorial: Neuroanatomy of cognition
(Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - March 8, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Arterial supply and morphological characteristics of sympathetic neurons in the human superior cervical ganglion
In conclusion, the distributions of microvessels, mast cells, and neurons in two parts of the SCSGs were uniform with no specific micromorphological variations, there is a homogenous vascular and cellular pattern within the SCSGs. (Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - March 6, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Developmental patterns of extracellular matrix molecules in the embryonic and postnatal mouse hindbrain
In this study, we characterize the temporal and spatial distribution of the extracellular matrix molecules in the embryonic and postnatal mouse hindbrain by using antibodies and lectin histochemistry. In the embryo, hyaluronan and neurocan were found in high amounts until the time of birth whereas versican and tenascin-R were detected in lower intensities during the whole embryonic period. After birth, both hyaluronic acid and neurocan still produced intense staining in almost all areas of the hindbrain, while tenascin-R labeling showed a continuous increase during postnatal development. The reaction with WFA and aggrecan ...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - March 1, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Anterograde trans-neuronal labeling of striatal interneurons in relation to dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta
Recent advances in neural tracing have unveiled numerous neural circuits characterized by brain region and cell type specificity, illuminating the underpinnings of specific functions and behaviors. Dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the midbrain are highly heterogeneous in terms of gene and protein expression and axonal projections. Different cell types within the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) tend to project to the striatum in a cell-type-dependent manner characterized by specific topography. Given the wide and dense distribution of DA axons, coupled with a combination of synaptic and volume transmission, it remains uncl...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - February 28, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Editorial: Subcortical and spinal control of motor networks across vertebrates
(Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - February 21, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Cajal, the neuronal theory and the idea of brain plasticity
This paper reviews the importance of Cajal’s neuronal theory (the Neuron Doctrine) and the origin and importance of the idea of brain plasticity that emerges from this theory. We first comment on the main Cajal’s discoveries that gave rise and confirmed his Neuron Doctrine: the improvement of staining techniques, his approach to morphological laws, the concepts of dynamic polarisation, neurogenesis and neurotrophic theory, his first discoveries of the nerve cell as an independent cell, his research on degeneration and regeneration and his fight against reticularism. Second, we review Cajal’s ideas on brain plasticity...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - February 19, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Glycine is a transmitter in the human and chimpanzee cochlear nuclei
DiscussionOur results show that glycine is a major transmitter in the human and chimpanzee CN, despite the species differences in DCN organization. The sources of the glycinergic input to the CN in humans and chimpanzees are not known. (Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - February 15, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
NeuroEditor: a tool to edit and visualize neuronal morphologies
The digital extraction of detailed neuronal morphologies from microscopy data is an essential step in the study of neurons. Ever since Cajal’s work, the acquisition and analysis of neuron anatomy has yielded invaluable insight into the nervous system, which has led to our present understanding of many structural and functional aspects of the brain and the nervous system, well beyond the anatomical perspective. Obtaining detailed anatomical data, though, is not a simple task. Despite recent progress, acquiring neuron details still involves using labor-intensive, error prone methods that facilitate the introduction of inac...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - February 14, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Evaluation of the neuroprotective efficacy of the gramine derivative ITH12657 against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity in the rat retina
ConclusionSubcutaneous administration of ITH12657 at 10 mg/kg, initiated 12 h before NMDA-induced retinal injury and continued for 3 days, resulted in the best protection of Brn3a + RGCs, αRGC, and αONs-RGC against excitotoxicity-induced RGC death. The population of αOFF-RGCs was extremely sensitive while α-ONtRGCs were fully resistant to NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. (Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - February 13, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Distribution of calcium-binding proteins immunoreactivity in the bottlenose dolphin entorhinal cortex
DiscussionThe morphological characteristics of pyramidal and non-pyramidal neurons in the dolphin entorhinal cortex are similar to those described in the entorhinal cortex of other species, including primates and rodents. Interestingly, in primates, rodents, and dolphins, most of the CBP-containing neurons are found in the superficial layers, but the large CR-ir neurons are also abundant in the deep layers. Layers II and III of the entorhinal cortex contain neurons that give rise to the perforant pathway, which conveys most of the cortical information to the hippocampal formation. From the hippocampal formation, reciprocal...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - February 5, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
