The effectiveness of transcranial magnetic stimulation for dysphagia in stroke patients: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Numerous studies have explored the use of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) intervention in post-stroke dysphagia. The primary aim of this umbrella review was to appraise the methodological quality of systematic reviews (SRs), with and without meta-analyses (MAs), that synthesized the findings of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) exploring the effectiveness of rTMS in the management of dysphagia post-stroke. A secondary aim of was to evaluate the consistency and reliability of translational implications of rTMS for swallowing recovery after stroke across these SRs and MAs. We searched several databases ...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - March 14, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Unveiling gender differences in psychophysiological dynamics: support for a two-dimensional autonomic space approach
DiscussionThe current results expand our understanding of the psychological aspects of the autonomic space model and psychophysiological associations. Gender differences and strengths and weaknesses of alternative physiological models are discussed. (Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience)
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - March 13, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

From body to world: empathy and the transformative power of cinematic imagination
(Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience)
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - March 13, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

The SESAMEEG package: a probabilistic tool for source localization and uncertainty quantification in M/EEG
Source localization from M/EEG data is a fundamental step in many analysis pipelines, including those aiming at clinical applications such as the pre-surgical evaluation in epilepsy. Among the many available source localization algorithms, SESAME (SEquential SemiAnalytic Montecarlo Estimator) is a Bayesian method that distinguishes itself for several good reasons: it is highly accurate in localizing focal sources with comparably little sensitivity to input parameters; it allows the quantification of the uncertainty of the reconstructed source(s); it accepts user-defined a priori high- and low-probability search regions in ...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - March 13, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Real-time EEG-based emotion recognition for neurohumanities: perspectives from principal component analysis and tree-based algorithms
Within the field of Humanities, there is a recognized need for educational innovation, as there are currently no reported tools available that enable individuals to interact with their environment to create an enhanced learning experience in the humanities (e.g., immersive spaces). This project proposes a solution to address this gap by integrating technology and promoting the development of teaching methodologies in the humanities, specifically by incorporating emotional monitoring during the learning process of humanistic context inside an immersive space. In order to achieve this goal, a real-time emotion recognition EE...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - March 13, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Structural volumetric and Periodic Table DTI patterns in Complex Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus —Toward the principles of a translational taxonomy
DiscussionThe findings of widespread and significant reductions in subcortical deep gray matter structures, in comparison to healthy controls, support the hypothesis that Complex NPH cohorts retain imaging features associated with Classic NPH. The use of the algorithm of the Periodic Table allowed for greater consistency in the interpretation of DTI results by focusing on patterns of injury rather than an over-reliance on the interrogation of individual measures by statistical significance alone. Our aim is to provide a prototype that could be refined for an approach toward the concept of a “translational taxonomy.” (S...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - March 13, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

The effect of reward on motor learning: different stage, different effect
Motor learning is a prominent and extensively studied subject in rehabilitation following various types of neurological disorders. Motor repair and rehabilitation often extend over months and years post-injury with a slow pace of recovery, particularly affecting the fine movements of the distal extremities. This extended period can diminish the motivation and persistence of patients, a facet that has historically been overlooked in motor learning until recent years. Reward, including monetary compensation, social praise, video gaming, music, and virtual reality, is currently garnering heightened attention for its potential...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - March 12, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Inter-brain desynchronization in social interaction: a consequence of subjective involvement?
Hyperscanning approaches to human neuroscience aim to uncover the neural mechanisms of social interaction. They have been largely guided by the expectation that increased levels of engagement between two persons will be supported by higher levels of inter-brain synchrony (IBS). A common approach to measuring IBS is phase synchrony in the context of EEG hyperscanning. Yet the growing number of experimental findings does not yield a straightforward interpretation, which has prompted critical reflections about the field’s theoretical and methodological principles. In this perspective piece, we make a conceptual contribution...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - March 12, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Socio-cultural brain reprogramming –The uniqueness of human cognition
(Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience)
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - March 12, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Robustness of the self-referential process under normobaric hypoxia: an fNIRS study using the GLM and homologous cortical functional connectivity analyses
ConclusionConsidering that homologous connectivity reflects the default mode network, which is supposedly linked to continuous self-reference, stable strength of the connectivity in the self-reference condition under the hypoxia may suggest robust nature of the self-reference process under normobaric hypoxia. (Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience)
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - March 12, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Development of auditory scene analysis: a mini-review
Most auditory environments contain multiple sound waves that are mixed before reaching the ears. In such situations, listeners must disentangle individual sounds from the mixture, performing the auditory scene analysis. Analyzing complex auditory scenes relies on listeners ability to segregate acoustic events into different streams, and to selectively attend to the stream of interest. Both segregation and selective attention are known to be challenging for adults with normal hearing, and seem to be even more difficult for children. Here, we review the recent literature on the development of auditory scene analysis, present...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - March 12, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Interpersonal eye-tracking reveals the dynamics of interacting minds
The human eye is a rich source of information about where, when, and how we attend. Our gaze paths indicate where and what captures our attention, while changes in pupil size can signal surprise, revealing our expectations. Similarly, the pattern of our blinks suggests levels of alertness and when our attention shifts between external engagement and internal thought. During interactions with others, these cues reveal how we coordinate and share our mental states. To leverage these insights effectively, we need accurate, timely methods to observe these cues as they naturally unfold. Advances in eye-tracking technology now e...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - March 12, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Global sensitivity of EEG source analysis to tissue conductivity uncertainties
In this study, we investigate the sensitivity of EEG forward and inverse solutions to tissue conductivity uncertainties for sources distributed over the whole cortex surface.MethodsWe employ a detailed five-compartment head model distinguishing skin, skull, cerebrospinal fluid, gray matter, and white matter, where we consider uncertainties of skin, skull, gray matter, and white matter conductivities. We use the finite element method (FEM) to calculate EEG forward solutions and goal function scans (GFS) as inverse approach. To be able to generate the large number of EEG forward solutions, we employ generalized polynomial ch...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - March 12, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Theater practice and interpersonal synchronization behaviors: a pilot study comparing actors and non-actors
This study aims to investigate whether acting practice enhances someone’s abilities to set up an effective relationship with others and allows the individual to better manage not only the relationship itself, but also her/his own feelings and those of her/his partner. Eighty two healthy Italian adults, with no communication disorders, including 43 actors (Mage = 25.4; S.D. = 3.64) and 39 non-actors (Mage = 24.1 = S.D. = 4.17) completed a joint verbal production task named Random Sequence Generation (RSG) task. Initially, participants performed the task individually. Subsequently, in a second phase, th...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - March 11, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Case report: accelerated cathodal HD-tDCS over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in hoarding disorder
Hoarding disorder is an under-recognized condition characterized by the excessive acquisition of possessions and difficulty in disposing of them, which can have dramatic consequences. As hoarding disorder is difficult to treat and associated with high levels of disability in all areas of functioning, there appears to be a critical need to develop novel, tailored therapeutic strategies. Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques hold promise as potential therapeutic interventions for various psychiatric conditions and as a tool to modulate impulsivity when applied over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Therefore, w...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - March 11, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research