Population-level insights into temporal interference for focused deep brain neuromodulation
The ability to stimulate deep brain regions in a focal manner brings new opportunities for treating brain disorders. Temporal interference (TI) stimulation has been suggested as a method to achieve focused stimulation in deep brain targets. Individual-level knowledge of the interferential currents has permitted personalizing TI montage via subject-specific digital human head models, facilitating the estimation of interferential electric currents in the brain. While this individual approach offers a high degree of personalization, the significant intra-and inter-individual variability among specific head models poses challe...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 19, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Analyzing the risk factors of unilateral trigeminal neuralgia under neurovascular compression
ConclusionOur findings suggest that the side of NVC, the compressing vessel, and the microstructure of the cisternal segment of CN V are associated with the risk of C-ITN. Furthermore, microstructural changes observed in the cisternal segment of CN V on the unaffected side of C-ITN patients with NVC indicate possible indirect effects on the CN V to some extent. (Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience)
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 17, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Age-related differences in auditory spatial processing revealed by acoustic change complex
ConclusionThe location-evoked ACC responses varied among children, adults, and the elderly. The N1’-P2’ amplitudes and P2’ latencies in adults and N1’ latencies in the elderly explained most variances of changes in spatial position. The differentiation of the N1’ waveform was observed in children. Further research should be conducted across all age groups, along with behavioral assessments, to confirm the relationship between aging and immaturity in objective ACC responses and poorer subjective spatial performance.SignificanceACCs evoked by location changes were assessed in adults, children, and the elderly to ex...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 12, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Roger Sperry, the maverick brain scientist who was haunted by psyche
This paper describes the scientific figure of Roger Sperry as a maverick researcher, an original thinker who arrived at definitive notions about the working of the brain mostly by distancing himself from the prevalent views of his peers. After solving the riddle of the functions of the corpus callosum, he won a Nobel prize in physiology or medicine for identifying the different cognitive abilities of the disconnected right and left hemispheres of the human brain. He could have won another Nobel prize for his work on the prenatal formation of behavioral neuronal networks and their growth and development after birth. In the ...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 11, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Prototype theory and the importance of literary form for moral imagination
Prototype theory, which argues that categories have graded (and thus fuzzy) membership based on prototypes, has been used as cognitive evidence to support moral particularism because if categories (in moral rules) only have fuzzy conceptual boundaries, moral rules are not enough for moral judgment, as specific situations also need to be considered to determine how these fuzzy categories should be understood, which is what moral particularism believes. The importance of literature for ethics, especially for moral imagination, has also been extensively discussed because literature can provide vivid examples for us to imagine...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 11, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Brain-computer interfaces and human factors: the role of language and cultural differences —Still a missing gap?
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) aim at the non-invasive investigation of brain activity for supporting communication and interaction of the users with their environment by means of brain-machine assisted technologies. Despite technological progress and promising research aimed at understanding the influence of human factors on BCI effectiveness, some topics still remain unexplored. The aim of this article is to discuss why it is important to consider the language of the user, its embodied grounding in perception, action and emotions, and its interaction with cultural differences in information processing in future BCI res...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 11, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Sex and age effects on gray matter volume trajectories in young children with prenatal alcohol exposure
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) occurs in ~11% of North American pregnancies and is the most common known cause of neurodevelopmental disabilities such as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD; ~2–5% prevalence). PAE has been consistently associated with smaller gray matter volumes in children, adolescents, and adults. A small number of longitudinal studies show altered gray matter development trajectories in late childhood/early adolescence, but patterns in early childhood and potential sex differences have not been characterized in young children. Using longitudinal T1-weighted MRI, the present study characterized gray...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 10, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Modeling the volume of tissue activated in deep brain stimulation and its clinical influence: a review
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neuromodulatory therapy that has been FDA approved for the treatment of various disorders, including but not limited to, movement disorders (e.g., Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor), epilepsy, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Computational methods for estimating the volume of tissue activated (VTA), coupled with brain imaging techniques, form the basis of models that are being generated from retrospective clinical studies for predicting DBS patient outcomes. For instance, VTA models are used to generate target-and network-based probabilistic stimulation maps that play a crucial ...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 10, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Gabor filter-based statistical features for ADHD detection
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychological disorder that occurs in children and is characterized by inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Early and accurate diagnosis of ADHD is very important for effective intervention. The aim of this study is to develop a computer-aided approach to detecting ADHD using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Specifically, we explore a Gabor filter-based statistical features approach for the classification of EEG signals into ADHD and healthy control (HC). The EEG signal is processed by a bank of Gabor filters to obtain narrow-band signals. Subsequently, a...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 10, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Brain functional connectivity correlates of anomalous interaction between sensorily isolated monozygotic twins
This study examined brain functional connectivity (FC) changes associated with possible anomalous interactions between sensorily isolated monozygotic (MZ) twins. Brain FC was estimated using the Steady State Visual Evoked Potential-Event Related Partial Coherence (SSVEP-ERPC) methodology. Five twin pairs served twice as participants, with an average interval between sessions of 67 days. In each recording session, one twin, the Sender, viewed a randomized set of 50 general images and 50 personally relevant images, while the other twin, the Receiver, viewed a static personally relevant image for the entire duration of the ...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 10, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A pilot study on AI-driven approaches for classification of mental health disorders
The increasing prevalence of mental disorders among youth worldwide is one of society's most pressing issues. The proposed methodology introduces an artificial intelligence-based approach for comprehending and analyzing the prevalence of neurological disorders. This work draws upon the analysis of the Cities Health Initiative dataset. It employs advanced machine learning and deep learning techniques, integrated with data science, statistics, optimization, and mathematical modeling, to correlate various lifestyle and environmental factors with the incidence of these mental disorders. In this work, a variety of machine learn...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 10, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Roadside experiences of parents of children with developmental coordination disorder and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
DiscussionWhile there were commonalities in the challenges faced by children with DCD and/or ADHD at the roadside, there were also notable differences. Parents of children with DCD discussed challenges with spatial awareness and motor skills, whereas parents of children with ADHD discussed challenges with impulsivity and inattention. Parents of children with co-occurring DCD and ADHD described a complex interplay of these challenges. It is evident from the interviews that children with DCD and/or ADHD require a distinct approach to develop their pedestrian skills effectively and parents reported specific strategies they us...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 10, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Neuroanatomical correlates of gross manual dexterity in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy
This study aims to investigate the relationships among neuroanatomical characteristics of brain injury at MRI, manual functional impairment and MMs, in children with UCP. Thirty-five children with UCP participated in the study (20, M = 15, F, mean age 9.2 ± 3.5 years). Brain lesions at MRI were categorized according to the Magnetic Resonance Classification System (MRICS) and by using a semi-quantitative MRI (sqMRI) scale. Gross manual performance was assessed through Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) and the Box and Block Test (BBT), and MMs by Woods and Teuber scale, for both hands. Non-parametric cor...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 9, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Self supervised learning based emotion recognition using physiological signals
IntroductionThe significant role of emotional recognition in the field of human-machine interaction has garnered the attention of many researchers. Emotion recognition based on physiological signals can objectively reflect the most authentic emotional states of humans. However, existing labeled Electroencephalogram (EEG) datasets are often of small scale.MethodsIn practical scenarios, a large number of unlabeled EEG signals are easier to obtain. Therefore, this paper adopts self-supervised learning methods to study emotion recognition based on EEG. Specifically, experiments employ three pre-defined tasks to define pseudo-l...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 9, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Perspective on dysphagia screening, assessment methods, and protocols in intensive care units: an opinion article
(Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience)
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 9, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
