Gait differences between COPD and healthy controls: systematic review and meta-analysis
Conclusion
Low-quality evidence shows that people with COPD walk more slowly than healthy controls, which could contribute to an increased falls risk. The evidence for alterations in spatial and temporal components of gait was inconclusive. Gait impairment appears to be an important but understudied area in COPD. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - April 24, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Buekers, J., Delgado-Ortiz, L., Megaritis, D., Polhemus, A., Breuls, S., Buttery, S. C., Chynkiamis, N., Demeyer, H., Gimeno-Santos, E., Hume, E., Koch, S., Williams, P., Wuyts, M., Hopkinson, N. S., Vogiatzis, I., Troosters, T., Frei, A., Garcia-Aymerich Tags: COPD and smoking Reviews Source Type: research
Biologic agents licensed for severe asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Conclusions:
This comprehensive meta-analysis demonstrated that licensed asthma biologics reduce exacerbations and hospitalisations, improve lung function, asthma control and quality of life, and limit the use of systemic corticosteroids, with a favourable safety profile. These effects are more prominent in patients with evidence of T2 inflammation. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - April 24, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Kyriakopoulos, C., Gogali, A., Markozannes, G., Kostikas, K. Tags: Asthma and allergy Reviews Source Type: research
Airborne indoor allergen serine proteases and their contribution to sensitisation and activation of innate immunity in allergic airway disease
Common airborne allergens (pollen, animal dander and those from fungi and insects) are the main triggers of type I allergic disorder in the respiratory system and are associated with allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, as well as immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. These allergens promote IgE crosslinking, vasodilation, infiltration of inflammatory cells, mucosal barrier dysfunction, extracellular matrix deposition and smooth muscle spasm, which collectively cause remodelling of the airways. Fungus and insect (house dust mite and cockroaches) indoor allergens are particularly rich in pr...
Source: European Respiratory Review - April 24, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Ouyang, X., Reihill, J. A., Douglas, L. E. J., Martin, S. L. Tags: Epidemiology, occupational and environmental lung disease, Asthma and allergy Reviews Source Type: research
Environment and lung health in a rapidly changing world
Extract
This issue of the European Respiratory Review features the first articles in a series of reviews entitled "Environment and lung health in a rapidly changing world". This series aims to highlight and dissect the complex intersections of environmental factors and their impact on human lung health. Additionally, the series addresses some more specific issues that we continue to face in the 21st century, including health inequity, the increasingly fast-paced integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into every day medical practice and climate change. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - April 10, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Greene, C. M., Riha, R. L. Tags: Epidemiology, occupational and environmental lung disease Editorials Source Type: research
Changes in physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep following pulmonary rehabilitation: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Conclusion:
The addition of physical activity promotion to pulmonary rehabilitation improves volume of physical activity, but not intensity, compared to CBPR. High risk of bias and low certainty of evidence suggests that these results should be viewed with caution. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - April 10, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Manifield, J., Chaudhry, Y., Singh, S. J., Ward, T. J. C., Whelan, M. E., Orme, M. W. Tags: Respiratory clinical practice Reviews Source Type: research
Social determinants of respiratory health from birth: still of concern in the 21st century?
Respiratory symptoms are ubiquitous in children and, even though they may be the harbinger of poor long-term outcomes, are often trivialised. Adverse exposures pre-conception, antenatally and in early childhood have lifetime impacts on respiratory health. For the most part, lung function tracks from the pre-school years at least into late middle age, and airflow obstruction is associated not merely with poor respiratory outcomes but also early all-cause morbidity and mortality. Much would be preventable if social determinants of adverse outcomes were to be addressed. This review presents the perspectives of paediatricians ...
Source: European Respiratory Review - April 10, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Bush, A., Byrnes, C. A., Chan, K. C., Chang, A. B., Ferreira, J. C., Holden, K. A., Lovinsky-Desir, S., Redding, G., Singh, V., Sinha, I. P., Zar, H. J. Tags: Epidemiology, occupational and environmental lung disease, Paediatric pulmonology Environment and lung health in a rapidly changing world Source Type: research
Global respiratory health priorities at the beginning of the 21st century
Respiratory health has become a prevailing priority amid the diverse global health challenges that the 21st century brings, due to its substantial impact on individuals and communities on a global scale. Due to rapid advances in medicine, emerging knowledge gaps appear along with new challenges and ethical considerations. While breakthroughs in medical science can bring about encouraging possibilities for better treatments and interventions, they also lead to unanswered questions and areas where further research is warranted. A PubMed search on the topic "global respiratory health priorities" between the years 2000 and 202...
Source: European Respiratory Review - April 10, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Greene, C. M., Abdulkadir, M. Tags: Epidemiology, occupational and environmental lung disease Environment and lung health in a rapidly changing world Source Type: research
The effects of flow settings during high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy for neonates and young children
Conclusion
Individualising flow settings in neonates and young children requires consideration of the patient's peak inspiratory flow, respiratory rate, heart rate, tolerance, work of breathing and lung aeration for optimal care. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - March 27, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Li, J., Deng, N., He, W. J. A., Yang, C., Liu, P., Albuainain, F. A., Ring, B. J., Miller, A. G., Rotta, A. T., Guglielmo, R. D., Milesi, C. Tags: Paediatric pulmonology Reviews Source Type: research
Central sleep apnoea: not just one phenotype
Recent scientific findings in the field of sleep disordered breathing have characterised a variety of phenotypes in obstructive sleep apnoea. These findings have prompted investigations aiming to achieve a more precise differentiation and description of the entities of central sleep apnoea (CSA). There is increasing evidence for the heterogeneity of CSA in terms of underlying aetiology, pathophysiological concepts, treatment response and outcome. Assigning patients to these phenotypes allows for the selection of individualised therapies. Major pathophysiological characteristics include loop gain, apnoeic threshold, breathi...
Source: European Respiratory Review - March 27, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Randerath, W., Baillieul, S., Tamisier, R. Tags: Sleep medicine Sleep and Breathing Conference Reviews Source Type: research
The persistent inflammation in COPD: is autoimmunity the core mechanism?
COPD poses a significant global public health challenge, primarily characterised by irreversible airflow restriction and persistent respiratory symptoms. The hallmark pathology of COPD includes sustained airway inflammation and the eventual destruction of lung tissue structure. While multiple risk factors are implicated in the disease's progression, the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. The perpetuation of inflammation is pivotal to the advancement of COPD, emphasising the importance of investigating these self-sustaining mechanisms for a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis. Autoimmune responses constitute...
Source: European Respiratory Review - March 27, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Dong, L.-L., Liu, Z.-Y., Chen, K.-J., Li, Z.-Y., Zhou, J.-S., Shen, H.-H., Chen, Z.-H. Tags: COPD and smoking Reviews Source Type: research
Towards the adoption of quantitative computed tomography in the management of interstitial lung disease
The shortcomings of qualitative visual assessment have led to the development of computer-based tools to characterise and quantify disease on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Quantitative CT (QCT) software enables quantification of patterns on HRCT with results that are objective, reproducible, sensitive to change and predictive of disease progression. Applications developed to provide a diagnosis or pattern classification are mainly based on artificial intelligence. Deep learning, which identifies patterns in high-dimensional data and maps them to segmentations...
Source: European Respiratory Review - March 27, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Walsh, S. L. F., De Backer, J., Prosch, H., Langs, G., Calandriello, L., Cottin, V., Brown, K. K., Inoue, Y., Tzilas, V., Estes, E., on behalf of the Open Source Imaging Consortium (OSIC) Tags: Interstitial and orphan lung disease, Lung imaging Reviews Source Type: research
"Phosphodiesterase 4B inhibition: a potential novel strategy for treating pulmonary fibrosis." M. Kolb, B. Crestani and T.M. Maher. Eur Respir Rev 2023; 32: 220206.
(Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - March 27, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: Author correction Source Type: research
Resectable non-stage IV nonsmall cell lung cancer: the surgical perspective
Surgery remains an essential element of the multimodality radical treatment of patients with early-stage nonsmall cell lung cancer. In addition, thoracic surgery is one of the key specialties involved in the lung cancer tumour board. The importance of the surgeon in the setting of a multidisciplinary panel is ever-increasing in light of the crucial concept of resectability, which is at the base of patient selection for neoadjuvant/adjuvant treatments within trials and in real-world practice. This review covers some of the topics which are relevant in the daily practice of a thoracic oncological surgeon and should also be k...
Source: European Respiratory Review - March 20, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Aigner, C., Batirel, H., Huber, R. M., Jones, D. R., Sihoe, A. D. L., Stupnik, T., Brunelli, A. Tags: Lung cancer Reviews Source Type: research
The nitric oxide-soluble guanylate cyclase-cGMP pathway in pulmonary hypertension: from PDE5 to soluble guanylate cyclase
The nitric oxide (NO)–soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)–cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway plays a key role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Targeted treatments include phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) and sGC stimulators. The sGC stimulator riociguat is approved for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). sGC stimulators have a dual mechanism of action, enhancing the sGC response to endogenous NO and directly stimulating sGC, independent of NO. This increase in cGMP production via a dual mechanism d...
Source: European Respiratory Review - March 20, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Benza, R. L., Grünig, E., Sandner, P., Stasch, J.-P., Simonneau, G. Tags: Pulmonary pharmacology and therapeutics, Pulmonary vascular disease Reviews Source Type: research
Nocturnal oxygen therapy in obstructive sleep apnoea: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Obstructive sleep apnoea is characterised by recurrent reduction of airflow during sleep leading to intermittent hypoxia. Continuous positive airway pressure is the first-line treatment but is limited by poor adherence. Nocturnal oxygen therapy may be an alternative treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea but its effects remain unclear. This meta-analysis evaluates the effects of nocturnal oxygen therapy on both obstructive sleep apnoea severity and blood pressure.
A literature search was performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines. Peer-reviewed, randomised studies th...
Source: European Respiratory Review - March 20, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Phyu, S. L., Ercan, S., Harriss, E., Turnbull, C. Tags: Sleep medicine Reviews Source Type: research
