Clinical factors associated with augmentation treatment with second-generation antipsychotics and lithium in major depression – Results from a European multicenter study
This cross-sectional European multicenter study with retrospective assessment of treatment response sought to determine variables associated with the administration of augmentation strategies with second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) and lithium in the pharmacotherapy of major depressive disorder (MDD). In 349 DSM-IV-TR MDD patients, differences in socio-demographic, clinical, treatment, and pharmacological features between participants receiving add-on treatment of their antidepressants with either SGAs (n = 318) or lithium (n = 31) were investigated using analyses of covariance, chi-squared tests, and binary ...
Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology - November 13, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Markus Dold, Lucie Bartova, Alexander Kautzky, Alessandro Serretti, Stefano Porcelli, Daniel Souery, Julien Mendlewicz, Stuart Montgomery, Joseph Zohar, Siegfried Kasper Source Type: research
Cutaneous adverse drug reactions to psychotropic drugs and their risk factors – a case-control study
Although the true incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is difficult to determine, there is evidence that cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) are among the most frequently observed adverse reactions to drugs (Svensson et al., 2001). CADRs account for 10 –20% of all reported ADRs (Faich et al., 1987; van der Linden et al., 1998). These reactions may range from mildly discomforting exanthematous skin rashes to severe, life-threatening event like toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). The most severe and life-threatening types of CADRs consist of erythem a multiforme, urticaria, drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (...
Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology - November 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Waldemar Greil, Xueqiong Zhang, Hans Stassen, Renate Grohmann, Ren é Bridler, Gregor Hasler, Sermin Toto, Stefan Bleich, Siegfried Kasper Source Type: research
Behavioral addictions in bipolar disorders: A systematic review
Clinical and epidemiological research suggests that behavioral addictions (BA) are associated with a wide range of psychiatric disorders. However, the relationship between BA and bipolar disorders (BD) has not been thoroughly explored. The aim of this systematic review was to critically summarize and evaluate the current available evidence regarding a possible association between BA and BD. A systematic review of major electronic databases according to PRISMA guidelines was conducted from inception to 31st December 2017. (Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology)
Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology - November 9, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: C Varo, A Murru, E Salagre, E Jim énez, B Solé, L Montejo, AF Carvalho, B Stubbs, I Grande, A Martínez-Arán, E Vieta, M Reinares Source Type: research
Oxytocin receptor gene methylation in male and female PTSD patients and trauma-exposed controls
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops in about 10% of people that have been exposed to a traumatic event, such as a life-threatening accident, war or abuse. PTSD is characterized by intrusions of traumatic memories, avoidance of trauma-related cues, emotional numbing and negative affect, and hyperarousal (DSM-5). Heritability of PTSD is estimated between 30% and 50% (e.g. Stein et al., 2002) but environmental exposures play a major part; not only is trauma exposure a required precipitating factor for PTSD, but childhood adversity, life stress and social support also affect risk of PTSD development (Brewin et al., ...
Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology - November 8, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: L. Nawijn, I.M. Krzyzewska, M. van Zuiden, P. Henneman, S.B.J. Koch, A.N. Mul, J.L. Frijling, D.J. Veltman, M.M.A.M. Mannens, M. Olff Source Type: research
The effect of body mass index on glucagon-like peptide receptor gene expression in the post mortem brain from individuals with mood and psychotic disorders
There is an increasing interest in the putative role of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists as novel therapeutic agents for mental disorders. Herein, we investigated the expressions of GLP-1R and GLP-2R genes, and its relationship with body mass index (BMI), in the post-mortem brain tissue of patients with mood (MD) and psychotic disorders. Brain samples were localized to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) (n = 459) and hippocampus (n = 378). After adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, post-mortem interval (PMI) and BMI, we observed significant differences, between healthy controls and MD subj...
Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology - November 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Rodrigo B. Mansur, Gabriel R. Fries, Alisson P. Trevizol, Mehala Subramaniapillai, Julie Lovshin, Kangguang Lin, Maj Vinberg, Roger C. Ho, Elisa Brietzke, Roger S. McIntyre Source Type: research
The antidepressant-like effect of probiotics and their faecal abundance may be modulated by the cohabiting gut microbiota in rats
The gut microbiota has emerged as an important contributor to the regulation of a range of physiological systems throughout the body, including the brain (Sampson and Mazmanian, 2015). Intriguingly, several studies have presented interactions between the residing microbes, brain development and function and behaviour related to psychiatric disease (Sampson and Mazmanian, 2015). On this background, Cryan& colleagues defined the term psychobiotics as neuroactive probiotics (PRO) that, when ingested in adequate amounts, produce a mental health benefit in patients (Dinan et al., 2013). (Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology)
Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology - November 2, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Anders Abildgaard, Timo Kern, Oluf Pedersen, Torben Hansen, Gregers Wegener, Sten Lund Source Type: research
Daily-life stress differentially impacts ventral striatal dopaminergic modulation of reward processing in first-degree relatives of individuals with psychosis
Emerging evidence shows that stress can impair the ability to learn from and pursue rewards, which in turn has been linked to motivational impairments characteristic of the psychotic disorder. Ventral striatal dopaminergic neurotransmission has been found to modulate reward processing, and appears to be disrupted by exposure to stress. We investigated the hypothesis that stress experienced in the everyday life has a blunting effect on reward-induced dopamine release in the ventral striatum of 16 individuals at a familial risk for psychosis compared to 16 matched control subjects. (Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology)
Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology - October 25, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Zuzana Kasanova, Jenny Ceccarini, Michael J Frank, Th érèse van Amelsvoort, Jan Booij, Alexander Heinzel, Felix M. Mottaghy, Inez Myin-Germeys Source Type: research
OPRM1 A118G and serum β-endorphin interact with sex and digit ratio (2D:4D) to influence risk and course of alcohol dependence
Activation of mesolimbic mu-opioid receptors by their endogenous ligand, β-endorphin, can mediate the rewarding effects of alcohol. However, there is conflicting evidence on the relationship between the mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) A118G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and alcohol dependence risk. Preclinical evidence suggests that sex and sex hormone-dependent prena tal brain organization may interact with the opioid system to influence alcohol drinking behavior. We genotyped 200 alcohol-dependent patients and 240 healthy individuals for the OPRM1 A118G SNP and measured serum β-endorphin level at recruitment and afte...
Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology - October 12, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Bruno Gegenhuber, Christian Weinland, Johannes Kornhuber, Christiane M ühle, Bernd Lenz Source Type: research
Role of conduct problems in the relation between Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity disorder, substance use, and gaming
Known comorbidities for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) include conduct problems, substance use disorder and gaming. Comorbidity with conduct problems may increase the risk for substance use disorder and gaming in individuals with ADHD. The aim of the study was to build a causal model of the relationships between ADHD and comorbid conduct problems, and alcohol, nicotine, and other substance use, and gaming habits, while accounting for age and sex. We used a state-of-the-art causal discovery algorithm to analyze a case-only sample of 362 ADHD-diagnosed individuals in the ages 12 –24 years. (Source: Europea...
Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology - October 3, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: G.H. Schoenmacker, A.P. Groenman, E. Sokolova, J. Oosterlaan, N. Rommelse, H. Roeyers, R.D. Oades, S.V. Faraone, B. Franke, T. Heskes, A. Arias Vasquez, T. Claassen, J.K. Buitelaar Source Type: research
Beneficial effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on spatial working memory in patients with schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a severe and often detrimental psychiatric disorder. The individual patients ’ level of functioning is essentially determined by cognitive, particularly working memory (WM), deficits that are critically linked to dysfunctional activity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can transiently modulate activity of the dlPF C and remote areas and has been shown to improve WM functions. It may therefore provide a new, targeted treatment option. (Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology)
Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology - October 3, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: T. Schwippel, I. Papazova, W. Strube, A.J. Fallgatter, A. Hasan, C. Plewnia Source Type: research
Editorial Board
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Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology - October 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
ECNP Calendar of Meetings
(Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology)
Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology - October 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Prenatal immune activation potentiates endocannabinoid-related plasticity of inhibitory synapses in the hippocampus of adolescent rat offspring
There is strong evidence that immune activation from prenatal infection increases the risk for offspring to develop schizophrenia. The endocannabinoid (eCB) system has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia while models of cortical dysfunction postulate an imbalance between neuronal excitation and inhibition in the disorder. The current study examined the impact of prenatal immune activation on eCB-mediated inhibitory mechanisms. We compared two forms of eCB-related plasticity of evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents, namely depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition (DSI) and metabotropic glutamat...
Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology - September 23, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Zhiling Guo, Yiu Chung Tse, Ying Zhang, Qiang Sun, Haley A. Vecchiarelli, Robert Aukema, Matthew N. Hill, Tak Pan Wong, Patricia Boksa Source Type: research
Lentiviral-mediated let-7d microRNA overexpression induced anxiolytic- and anti-depressant-like behaviors and impaired dopamine D3 receptor expression
According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), and the Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA), anxiety disorders are the most common mental illness in the US, affecting 40 million adults at the age 18 and older (ADAA, 2014). Although these disorders lead to significant suffering for the affected persons, their underlying causes are poorly understood. As such, identifying the molecular mechanisms common to anxiety and depression may prove crucial to successfully treating these illnesses. (Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology)
Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology - September 20, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Amine Bahi, Jean-Luc Dreyer Source Type: research
Antipsychotic drugs for elderly patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Elderly patients with schizophrenia are a particularly vulnerable group often excluded from clinical trials. Currently there is no evidence-synthesis about the efficacy and safety of antipsychotics in this subgroup.We reviewed all randomized-controlled-trials, about antipsychotics in elderly schizophrenics (last search Dec 12, 2017). Pairwise meta-analyses were conducted. The primary outcome was overall symptoms. Secondary outcomes included positive symptoms, negative symptoms, response, dropouts, quality of life, social functioning and side-effects. (Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology)
Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology - September 20, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Marc Krause, Maximilian Huhn, Johannes Schneider-Thoma, Philipp Rothe, Robert C Smith, Stefan Leucht Source Type: research
