Correction to: Landfall After the Perfect Storm: Cohort Differences in the Relationship Between Debt and Risk of Heart Attack
The original version of the article was updated. Figure 2 was replaced with the correct version as below (Source: Demography)
Source: Demography - December 10, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Recent Trends in U.S. Childbearing Intentions
AbstractThe U.S. period total fertility rate has declined steadily since the Great Recession, reaching 1.73 children in 2018, the lowest level since the 1970s. This pattern could mean that current childbearing cohorts will end up with fewer children than previous cohorts, or this same pattern could be an artifact of a tempo distortion if individuals are simply postponing births they plan to eventually have. In this research note, we use data on current parity and future intended births from the 2006 –2017 National Survey of Family Growth to shed light on this issue. We find that total intended parity declined (from 2.26 ...
Source: Demography - December 1, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
The Levels and Trends in Deep and Extreme Poverty in the United States, 1993 –2016
AbstractRecently, there has been tremendous interest in deep and extreme poverty in the United States. We advance beyond prior research by using higher-quality data, improving measurement, and following leading standards in international income research. We estimate deep (less than 20% of medians) and extreme (less than 10% of medians) poverty in the United States from 1993 to 2016. Using the Current Population Survey, we match the income definition of the Luxembourg Income Study and adjust for underreporting using the Urban Institute ’s TRIM3 model. In 2016, we estimate that 5.2 to 7.2 million Americans (1.6% to 2.2%) w...
Source: Demography - December 1, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
A Cautionary Tale of Using Data From the Tail
(Source: Demography)
Source: Demography - December 1, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
The Enduring Case for Fertility Desires
In this study, we elaborate this paradox: widespread unintendedness and meaningful, highly predictive fertility desires can and do coexist. Using data from Malawi, we demonstrate the predictive validity of numeric fertility timing desires over both four-month and one-year periods. We find that fertility timing desires are highly predictive of pregnancy and that they follow a gradient wherein the likelihood of pregnancy decreases in correspondence with desired time to next birth. This finding holds despite the simultaneous observation of high levels of unintended pregnancy in our sample. Discordance between desires and beha...
Source: Demography - December 1, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Evaluating the Role of Parental Education and Adolescent Health Problems in Educational Attainment
This article reconsiders the role of social origin in health selection by examining whether parental education moderates the association between early health and educational attainment and whether health problems mediate the intergenerational transmission of education. We used longitudinal register data on Finns born in 1986 –1991 (n = 352,899). We measured the completion of secondary and tertiary education until age 27 and used data on hospital care and medication reimbursements to assess chronic somatic conditions, frequent infections, and mental disorders at ages 10 –16. We employed linear probability models to esti...
Source: Demography - December 1, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
The Association Between Legal Status and Poverty Among Immigrants: A Methodological Caution
AbstractUsing nationally representative survey data, this research note examines the association between immigrant legal status and poverty in the United States. Our objective is to test whether estimates of this association vary depending on the method used to infer legal status in survey data, focusing on two approaches in particular: (1) inferring legal status using a logical imputation method that ignores the existence of legal-status survey questions (logical approach); and (2) defining legal status based on survey questions about legal status (survey approach). We show that the two methods yield contrasting conclusio...
Source: Demography - December 1, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Landfall After the Perfect Storm: Cohort Differences in the Relationship Between Debt and Risk of Heart Attack
AbstractAnalyses of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) between 1992 and 2014 compare the relationship between different levels and forms of debt and heart attack risk trajectories across four cohorts. Although all cohorts experienced growing household debt, including the increase of both secured and unsecured debt, they nevertheless encountered different economic opportunity structures and crises at sensitive times in their life courses, with implications for heart attack risk trajectories. Results from frailty hazards models reveal that unsecured debt is associated with increased risk of heart attack across all cohorts...
Source: Demography - December 1, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Exposure to Armed Conflict and Fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa
AbstractChanges in fertility patterns are hypothesized to be among the many second-order consequences of armed conflict, but expectations about the direction of such effects are theoretically ambiguous. Prior research, from a range of contexts, has also yielded inconsistent results. We contribute to this debate by using harmonized data and methods to examine the effects of exposure to conflict on preferred and observed fertility outcomes across a spatially and temporally extensive population. We use high-resolution georeferenced data from 25 sub-Saharan African countries, combining records of violent events from the Armed ...
Source: Demography - December 1, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
The Dynamics of Intimate Relationships and Contraceptive Use During Early Emerging Adulthood
AbstractWe investigate the immediate social context of contraceptive behaviors: specifically, the intimate relationship. We use the Relationship Dynamics and Social Life (RDSL) study (2008 –2012), based on a random sample of 1,003 women ages 18–19 residing in a Michigan county. Women were interviewed weekly for 2.5 years, resulting in an age range of 18–22. We test three sets of hypotheses about change over time within a relationship, using relationship-level within-between mode ls, which compare a couple’s contraceptive behaviors across different times in the relationship. First, we find that a couple is less like...
Source: Demography - December 1, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Historical Trends in Children Living in Multigenerational Households in the United States: 1870 –2018
AbstractOver the last two decades, the share of U.S. children under age 18 who live in a multigenerational household (with a grandparent and parent) has increased dramatically. Yet we do not know whether this increase is a recent phenomenon or a return to earlier levels of coresidence. Using data from the decennial census from 1870 to 2010 and the 2018 American Community Survey, we examine historical trends in children ’s multigenerational living arrangements, differences by race/ethnicity and education, and factors that explain the observed trends. We find that in 2018, 10% of U.S. children lived in a multigenerational ...
Source: Demography - December 1, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Gender Discrimination and Excess Female Under-5 Mortality in India: A New Perspective Using Mixed-Sex Twins
AbstractSon preference has been linked to excess female under-5 mortality in India, and considerable literature has explored whether parents invest more resources in sons relative to daughters —which we refer to asexplicit discrimination—leading to girls’ poorer health status and, consequently, higher mortality. However, this literature has not adequately controlled for theimplicit discrimination processes that sort girls into different types of families (e.g., larger) and at earlier parities. To better address the endogeneity associated with implicit discrimination processes, we explore the association between child...
Source: Demography - December 1, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
The Effects of Marital Status, Fertility, and Bereavement on Adult Mortality in Polygamous and Monogamous Households: Evidence From the Utah Population Database
AbstractAlthough the associations among marital status, fertility, bereavement, and adult mortality have been widely studied, much less is known about these associations in polygamous households, which remain prevalent across much of the world. We use data from the Utah Population Database on 110,890 women and 106,979 men born up to 1900, with mortality follow-up into the twentieth century. We examine how the number of wife deaths affects male mortality in polygamous marriages, how sister wife deaths affect female mortality in polygamous marriages relative to the death of a husband, and how marriage order affects the morta...
Source: Demography - December 1, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Employment ’s Role in Enabling and Constraining Marriage in the Middle East and North Africa
AbstractWe investigate the role of employment in enabling and constraining marriage for young men and women in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia. Survival analysis methods for age at marriage are applied to comparable labor market panel surveys from Egypt (2012), Jordan (2010), and Tunisia (2014), which include detailed labor market histories. For men, employment and especially high-quality employment are associated with more rapid transitions to marriage. For women, past —but not contemporaneous—employment statuses are associated with more rapid transitions to marriage. After addressing endogeneity using residual-inclusion m...
Source: Demography - December 1, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
