Quercetin in Osteoporosis Treatment: A Comprehensive Review of Its Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review aims to provide a theoretical basis and insights for quercetin ’s clinical application in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis (OP), analyzing its roles in bone formation promotion, bone resorption inhibition, anti-inflammation, antioxidant effects, and potential mechanisms.Recent FindingsOP, a prevalent bone disorder, is marked by reduced bone mineral density and impaired bone architecture, elevating the risk of fractures in patients. The primary approach to OP management is pharmacotherapy, with quercetin, a phytochemical compound, emerging as a focus of recent interest. Thi...
Source: Current Osteoporosis Reports - April 23, 2024 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
The Impact of Non-bone Metastatic Cancer on Musculoskeletal Health
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to discuss the musculoskeletal consequences of cancer, including those that occur in the absence of bone metastases.Recent FindingsCancer patients frequently develop cachexia, a debilitating condition reflected by weight loss and skeletal muscle wasting. The negative effects that tumors exert on bone health represents a growing interest amongst cachexia researchers. Recent clinical and pre-clinical evidence demonstrates cancer-induced bone loss, even in the absence of skeletal metastases. Together with muscle wasting, losses in bone demonstrates the impact of cancer on...
Source: Current Osteoporosis Reports - April 22, 2024 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Regulatory Effect of Osteocytes on Extramedullary and Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue Development and Function
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review summarizes evidence on osteocyte support of extramedullary and bone marrow adipocyte development and discusses the role of endogenous osteocyte activities of nuclear receptors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) and alpha (PPARA) in this support.Recent FindingsPPARG and PPARA proteins, key regulators of glucose and fatty acid metabolism, are highly expressed in osteocytes. They play significant roles in the regulation of osteocyte secretome and osteocyte bioenergetics; both activities contributing to the levels of systemic energy metabolism in part through an effect...
Source: Current Osteoporosis Reports - April 16, 2024 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Osteoimmunology of Fracture Healing
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to summarize what is known in the literature about the role inflammation plays during bone fracture healing. Bone fracture healing progresses through four distinct yet overlapping phases: formation of the hematoma, development of the cartilaginous callus, development of the bony callus, and finally remodeling of the fracture callus. Throughout this process, inflammation plays a critical role in robust bone fracture healing.Recent FindingsAt the onset of injury, vessel and matrix disruption lead to the generation of an inflammatory response: inflammatory cells are recru...
Source: Current Osteoporosis Reports - April 15, 2024 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Genetic Evaluation for Monogenic Disorders of Low Bone Mass and Increased Bone Fragility: What Clinicians Need to Know
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to outline the principles of clinical genetic testing and to provide practical guidance to clinicians in navigating genetic testing for patients with suspected monogenic forms of osteoporosis.Recent FindingsHeritability assessments and genome-wide association studies have clearly shown the significant contributions of genetic variations to the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Currently, over 50 monogenic disorders that present primarily with low bone mass and increased risk of fractures have been described. The widespread availability of clinical genetic testing offers a ...
Source: Current Osteoporosis Reports - April 11, 2024 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Diagnosing Osteoporosis in Diabetes —A Systematic Review on BMD and Fractures
AbstractPurpose of ReviewRecently, the American Diabetes Association updated the 2024 guidelines for Standards of Care in Diabetes and recommend that aT-score of − 2.0 in patients with diabetes should be interpreted as equivalent to − 2.5 in people without diabetes. We aimed to evaluate the most recent findings concerning the bone mineral density (BMD)-derivedT-score and risk of fractures related to osteoporosis in subjects with diabetes.Recent FindingsThe dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan is the golden standard for evaluating BMD. The BMD-derivedT-score is central to fracture prediction and signifies both di...
Source: Current Osteoporosis Reports - March 21, 2024 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Osteocytes and Paget ’s Disease of Bone
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo describe the contributions of osteocytes to the lesions in Paget ’s disease, which are characterized by locally overactive bone resorption and formation.Recent FindingsOsteocytes, the most abundant cells in bone, are altered in Paget ’s disease lesions, displaying increased size, decreased canalicular length, incomplete differentiation, and less sclerostin expression compared to controls in both patients and mouse models. Pagetic lesions show increased senescent osteocytes that express RANK ligand, which drives osteoclastic bo ne resorption. Abnormal osteoclasts in Paget’s disease secrete ...
Source: Current Osteoporosis Reports - March 8, 2024 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes in the Control of the Musculoskeletal Health
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe present review will highlight recent reports supporting the relevance of extracellular vesicles to the musculoskeletal system in health and disease.Recent FindingsPreserving the health of the musculoskeletal system is important to maintain a good quality of life, and the bone-muscle crosstalk is crucial in this regard. This latter is largely mediated by extracellular vesicles released by the different cell populations residing in muscle and bone, which deliver cargoes, microRNAs, and proteins being the most relevant ones, to target cells. Extracellular vesicles could be exploited as therapeutic...
Source: Current Osteoporosis Reports - March 1, 2024 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Neutrophils in Inflammatory Bone Diseases
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIn this review, we summarize the current evidence that suggests that neutrophils play a key role in facilitating damage to local bone structures.Recent FindingsNeutrophil infiltration is a hallmark of inflammatory bone diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis disease (PD). Both of these human diseases are marked by an imbalance in bone homeostasis, favoring the degradation of local bone which ultimately leads to erosions. Osteoclasts, a multinucleated resident bone cell, are responsible for facilitating the turnover of bone and the bone damage observed in these diseases. The inv...
Source: Current Osteoporosis Reports - February 29, 2024 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Fat as a Friend or Foe of the Bone
The objective of this review is to summarize the literature on the prevalence and diagnosis of obesity and its metabolic profile, including bone metabolism, focusing on the main inflammatory and turnover bone mediators that better characterize metabolically healthy obesity phenotype, and to summarize the therapeutic interventions for obesity with their effects on bone health.Recent FindingsOsteoporosis and fracture risk not only increase with age and menopause but also with metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus. Thus, patients with high BMI may have a higher bone fragility and fracture risk. However, some obese ind...
Source: Current Osteoporosis Reports - February 28, 2024 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Correction: Practical Compass of Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analysis
(Source: Current Osteoporosis Reports)
Source: Current Osteoporosis Reports - February 19, 2024 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Interfacial Tissue Regeneration with Bone
AbstractPurpose of ReviewInterfacial tissue exists throughout the body at cartilage-to-bone (osteochondral interface) and tendon-to-bone (enthesis) interfaces. Healing of interfacial tissues is a current challenge in regenerative approaches because the interface plays a critical role in stabilizing and distributing the mechanical stress between soft tissues (e.g., cartilage and tendon) and bone. The purpose of this review is to identify new directions in the field of interfacial tissue development and physiology that can guide future regenerative strategies for improving post-injury healing.Recent FindingsCues from interfa...
Source: Current Osteoporosis Reports - February 15, 2024 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Regulation of FGF23 Production in Osteocytes
AbstractPurpose of ReviewFGF23 is a bone-derived hormone working to reduce serum phosphate level. This review focuses on recent findings regarding regulatory mechanisms ofFGF23 expression in osteocytes, FGF23 levels, and activities.Recent FindingsCirculatory FGF23 levels reflecting FGF23 biological activities can be regulated by bothFGF23 expression and posttranslational modification of FGF23 protein. O-linked glycosylation and phosphorylation of FGF23 protein as well as enzymes that can cleave FGF23 protein are involved in the posttranslational modification. However, precise mechanisms of FGF23 protein processing are not ...
Source: Current Osteoporosis Reports - February 9, 2024 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
From the Mind to the Spine: The Intersecting World of Alzheimer ’s and Osteoporosis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis comprehensive review delves into the intricate interplay between Alzheimer ’s disease (AD) and osteoporosis, two prevalent conditions with significant implications for individuals’ quality of life. The purpose is to explore their bidirectional association, underpinned by common pathological processes such as aging, genetic factors, inflammation, and estrogen deficiency .Recent FindingsRecent advances have shown promise in treating both Alzheimer ’s disease (AD) and osteoporosis by targeting disease-specific proteins and bone metabolism regulators. Monoclonal antibodies against beta-amylo...
Source: Current Osteoporosis Reports - February 9, 2024 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Do Not Lose Your Nerve, Be Callus: Insights Into Neural Regulation of Fracture Healing
AbstractPurpose of ReviewFractures are a prominent form of traumatic injury and shall continue to be for the foreseeable future. While the inflammatory response and the cells of the bone marrow microenvironment play significant roles in fracture healing, the nervous system is also an important player in regulating bone healing.Recent FindingsConsiderable evidence demonstrates a role for nervous system regulation of fracture healing in a setting of traumatic injury to the brain. Although many of the impacts of the nervous system on fracture healing are positive, pain mediated by the nervous system can have detrimental effec...
Source: Current Osteoporosis Reports - January 31, 2024 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
