Semaglutide for Weight Loss: Was It Worth the Weight?
This article provides an overview of the discovery and mechanism of action of semaglutide 2.4 mg, and the clinical trials that led to its approval. (Source: Cardiology in Review)
Source: Cardiology in Review - October 12, 2022 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for Severe Symptomatic Aortic Stenosis in Rheumatic Heart Disease: A Systematic Review
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is well-established for severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS), but its use in rheumatic heart disease (RHD) has been limited. We systematically review the use of TAVR for severe symptomatic AS in RHD. Pubmed, Embase, and Scopus were searched for TAVR for symptomatic severe AS and proven or suspected RHD. Procedure characteristics, efficacy, and safety endpoints were collected and all definitions were based on the Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 (VARC-2) criteria. We included 3 case series and 12 case reports, with a total of 43 patients. Mean age was 76 years, 75% were f...
Source: Cardiology in Review - October 12, 2022 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Stents in the Management of Stenotic and Occlusive Lesions in the Venous System
Occlusive disease of the iliac veins or major intrathoracic veins have traditionally been managed by conservative management or by major vascular reconstructive procedures. Over the past 15–20 years, these lesions have become amenable to management with venous stents. Lesions in the iliac venous system are typically due to thrombus secondary to deep vein thrombosis, and lesions in the superior vena cava are due to either malignant intrathoracic lesions, indwelling central venous catheters, pacemaker leads, or enlarged nodes due to granulomatous disease. The success rate for implantation is between 92% and 95% and associa...
Source: Cardiology in Review - October 12, 2022 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: Pathological Variants, Recent Discoveries, and Theoretical Approaches
Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder. It is the most fatal among all types of EDS. In addition to typical EDS characteristics, vEDS patients are at risk of blood vessel rupture due to possession of pathogenic variants of the COL3A1 gene, which encodes type III collagen. Type III collagen is a major component of humans’ vascular walls. The management of this disease is possible; however, there is no cure as of present. Recently, discoveries with potential impact on the management of vEDS have been elucidated. Mice with vEDS traits treated with a beta-blocker celiprolol showe...
Source: Cardiology in Review - October 12, 2022 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Mitral Regurgitation in the High-Risk Patient: Integrating an Expanding Armamentarium of Transcatheter Devices Into the Treatment Algorithm
Over the last decade, multiple transcatheter mitral valve repair and replacement strategies have emerged, yet there is only 1 US Food and Drug Administration approved device, the MitraClip (Abbott Vascular, Inc., Santa Clara, CA). Current guidelines support the use of the MitraClip in high or prohibitive surgical risk patients, but there are many patients that are not anatomically suited for the device. This review article discusses the approach to degenerative and functional mitral regurgitation in the high-prohibitive risk patient, how to choose transcatheter treatment options (both approved and investigational), and pot...
Source: Cardiology in Review - October 12, 2022 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Impact of Left Ventricular Systolic Function After Moderate-to-Severe Isolated Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can result in left ventricular dysfunction, which can lead to hypotension and secondary brain injuries. However, the association between left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and in-hospital mortality in patients with moderate-to-severe isolated TBI is controversial. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify the prevalence of LVSD and evaluate whether LVSD following moderate-to-severe isolated TBI increases the in-hospital mortality. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library database from January 1, 2010, through June 30, 2020. Meta-analysis was...
Source: Cardiology in Review - October 12, 2022 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Acute Coronary Syndromes Due to Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease in Young Patients
Young patients represent about 4–10% of the population presenting with acute coronary syndrome. In this focused mini-review, we highlight the data regarding acute coronary syndromes in young patients with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Differences in the underlying pathologies and pathophysiological mechanisms should yield to different clinical management and treatment strategies. (Source: Cardiology in Review)
Source: Cardiology in Review - October 12, 2022 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Magnesium Disorders and Prognosis in Heart Failure: A Systematic Review
Magnesium is an essential mineral for the human body and plays an important role in cardiovascular health. Hypomagnesaemia has been linked with increased cardiovascular mortality in heart failure; however, previous studies have yielded conflicting results. Even fewer studies have addressed the association between hypermagnesemia and prognosis in heart failure. The aim of the present systematic review was to investigate the association of serum magnesium levels with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Cardiovascular morbidity, referring to heart failur...
Source: Cardiology in Review - October 12, 2022 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Cardiac Xenotransplantation: Where We Have Been and Where We Are Now
No abstract available (Source: Cardiology in Review)
Source: Cardiology in Review - October 12, 2022 Category: Cardiology Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

A Review of the Role of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-1 Inhibitors in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
This study aims to review the pathophysiology of HFpEF in the setting of T2DM and, more specifically, the role of SGLT2 inhibitors in HFpEF outcomes. (Source: Cardiology in Review)
Source: Cardiology in Review - August 17, 2022 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Cholesterol Paradigm and Beyond in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Cholesterol, Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein, Inflammation, and Vascular Cell Mobilization in Vasculopathy
Hypercholesterolemia is a well-established risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). How cholesterol and its carrier lipoproteins are involved in ASCVD is still under extensive investigation. Satins are thus far the best-proven class of cholesterol-lowering medications to improve the clinical outcomes of ASCVD. Statins specifically inhibit the rate-limiting enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase of the mevalonate pathway for cholesterol biosynthesis. The widely accepted theory is that statins inhibit the hepatic cholesterol synthesis causing upregulation of hepatocyte low-density lipoprotein ...
Source: Cardiology in Review - August 17, 2022 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Invasive Coronary Physiology Assessment for Patients With Stable Coronary Disease
Visual assessment of coronary stenosis severity using conventional coronary angiography is associated with wide interoperator variability and a weak relationship with hemodynamics. Invasive coronary physiology assessment using fractional flow reserve (FFR) has been shown to be safe and beneficial. Large multicenter randomized trials have demonstrated the superiority of FFR-guided percutaneous coronary intervention in reducing the risk of major cardiac adverse events, number of stents used, and total cost in patients with multivessel coronary disease. FFR requires vasodilatory agents for the microvasculature to induce maxim...
Source: Cardiology in Review - August 17, 2022 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

The Challenge of Pregnancy in Women With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a genetic disease that frequently presents at a young age. Pregnancy represents a state of high physiological stress to the cardiovascular system. Thus, pregnant women with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy face the potential for higher morbidity and, therefore, their management may become a significant challenge when complications develop. Physiologic changes that occur during pregnancy, that is, decreased vascular resistance, increased blood volume, and increased heart rate can lead to worsening heart failure in women with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In addition, pregnant women with hypertrophic...
Source: Cardiology in Review - August 17, 2022 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Role of MicroRNA in Heart Transplant
The need for noninvasive biomarkers for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes is increasingly being recognized in the field of heart transplantation. MicroRNAs are a class of novel biomarkers that control gene expression and influence cellular functions, including differentiation, proliferation, and functional regulation of the immune system. They can be detected in the serum, plasma, and urine and may serve as early noninvasive biomarkers for various disease processes. Despite significant advances in heart transplantation, challenges remain in the short and long term with early graft injury and dysfunction, bot...
Source: Cardiology in Review - August 17, 2022 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Inverse Association of Poultry, Fish, and Plant Protein Consumption With the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a major cause of death and disability worldwide and food intake plays an important role in its onset or prevention. It is also well known that consumption of red meat (processed and unprocessed) is associated with an increased incidence of CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and premature death. However, little is known about the association of consumption of poultry, fish, and plant protein with the incidence of CVD, CHD, and mortality. Several recent studies, reviews, and meta-analyses have shown an inverse association of consumption of these foods with the incidence of CVD, CHD, and d...
Source: Cardiology in Review - August 17, 2022 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research