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Developing the WCRF International/University of Bristol Methodology for Identifying and Carrying Out Systematic Reviews of Mechanisms of Exposure-Cancer Associations
Conclusions: We have developed novel tools for identifying mechanisms and carrying out systematic reviews of mechanistic studies of exposure–disease relationships. In doing so, we have outlined how we have overcome the challenges that we faced and provided researchers with practical guides for conducting mechanistic systematic reviews. Impact: The aforementioned methodology and tools will allow potential mechanisms to be identified and the strength of the evidence underlying a particular mechanism to be assessed. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(11); 1667–75. ©2017 AACR. (Source: Cancer Epidemiology Bi...
Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention - October 31, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Lewis, S. J., Gardner, M., Higgins, J., Holly, J. M. P., Gaunt, T. R., Perks, C. M., Turner, S. D., Rinaldi, S., Thomas, S., Harrison, S., Lennon, R. J., Tan, V., Borwick, C., Emmett, P., Jeffreys, M., Northstone, K., Mitrou, G., Wiseman, M., Thompson, R. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Relationships between Circulating and Intraprostatic Sex Steroid Hormone Concentrations
Conclusions: Circulating concentrations of sex steroid hormones are poor surrogate measures of the intraprostatic hormonal milieu. Impact: The high exposure misclassification provided by circulating sex steroid hormone concentrations for intraprostatic levels may partly explain the lack of any consistent association of circulating hormones with prostate cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(11); 1660–6. ©2017 AACR. (Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention)
Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention - October 31, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Cook, M. B., Stanczyk, F. Z., Wood, S. N., Pfeiffer, R. M., Hafi, M., Veneroso, C. C., Lynch, B., Falk, R. T., Zhou, C. K., Niwa, S., Emanuel, E., Gao, Y.-T., Hemstreet, G. P., Zolfghari, L., Carroll, P. R., Manyak, M. J., Sesterhann, I. A., Levine, P. H. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Vasectomy and Risk of Prostate Cancer in a Screening Trial
Conclusions: Vasectomy was not associated with prostate cancer risk among men who were screened for prostate cancer as part of a clinical trial, but was associated with prostate cancer detection in men receiving usual care. Impact: The positive association between vasectomy and prostate cancer is likely related to increased detection of prostate cancer based on patterns of care rather than a biological effect of vasectomy on prostate cancer development. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(11); 1653–9. ©2017 AACR. (Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention)
Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention - October 31, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Shoag, J., Savenkov, O., Christos, P. J., Mittal, S., Halpern, J. A., Askin, G., Shoag, D., Golan, R., Lee, D. J., O'Malley, P., Najari, B., Eisner, B., Hu, J. C., Scherr, D., Schlegel, P., Barbieri, C. E. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Cannabis Use and Incidence of Testicular Cancer: A 42-Year Follow-up of Swedish Men between 1970 and 2011
Conclusions: The current study provides additional evidence to the limited prior literature suggesting cannabis use may contribute to the development of testicular cancer. Impact: Emerging changes to cannabis drug policy should consider the potential role of cannabis use in the development of testicular cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(11); 1644–52. ©2017 AACR. (Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention)
Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention - October 31, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Callaghan, R. C., Allebeck, P., Akre, O., McGlynn, K. A., Sidorchuk, A. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Indoor Tanning Dependence in Young Adult Women
Conclusions: Indoor tanning dependence among young, non-Hispanic white women is associated with behaviors that increase the risk of skin cancer, beliefs favoring the perceived benefits of tanning, and comorbid risks such as stronger beliefs about physical appearance and depressed mood. Impact: Comprehensive skin cancer prevention efforts should address indoor tanning dependence among young women and its leading risk factors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(11); 1636–43. ©2017 AACR. (Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention)
Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention - October 31, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Mays, D., Atkins, M. B., Ahn, J., Tercyak, K. P. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Defining Optimal Triage Strategies for hrHPV Screen-Positive Women--An Evaluation of HPV 16/18 Genotyping, Cytology, and p16/Ki-67 Cytoimmunochemistry
Conclusions: All three single-test triage options, if positive, exceed the threshold of 20% risk at which colposcopy would be indicated. However, none of them conferred a post-test probability of CIN2+ <2%; which would permit routine recall. P16/Ki-67 cytoimmunochemistry on HPV16/18 negative women had a post-test probability of CIN2+ of 1.7% and 0.6% if also LBC negative. Impact: This is one of the few studies to directly compare the performance of triage strategies of hrHPV+ women, in isolation and combinations. It is the only study assessing triage strategies in women who test hrHPV+ in self-taken vaginal samples. A c...
Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention - October 31, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Stanczuk, G. A., Baxter, G. J., Currie, H., Forson, W., Lawrence, J. R., Cuschieri, K., Wilson, A., Patterson, L., Govan, L., Black, J., Palmer, T., Arbyn, M. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

A Novel 18-Marker Panel Predicting Clinical Outcome in Breast Cancer
Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that the 18 molecular markers were strong predictors of breast cancer–specific mortality. The stable time-dependent area under the ROC curve function (AUC(t)) and high C-indices in the training and validation cohorts were further improved by fitting a combined model consisting of the 18-marker panel and established clinical markers. Impact: Our work supports the applicability of this 18-marker panel to improve clinical outcome prediction for breast cancer patients. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(11); 1619–28. ©2017 AACR. (Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention)
Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention - October 31, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Biermann, J., Nemes, S., Parris, T. Z., Engqvist, H., Rönnerman, E. W., Forssell-Aronsson, E., Steineck, G., Karlsson, P., Helou, K. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

An Exploration of Changes in the Measurement of Mammography in the National Health Interview Survey
Conclusions: Self-reports of mammography are sensitive to question wording. Researchers should use equivalent questions that have been designed to minimize response biases such as telescoping and social desirability. Impact: Trend analyses relying on differently worded questions may be misleading and conceal disparities. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(11); 1611–8. ©2017 AACR. (Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention)
Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention - October 31, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Gonzales, F. A., Willis, G. B., Breen, N., Yan, T., Cronin, K. A., Taplin, S. H., Yu, M. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Use of Antihypertensive Medications and Risk of Adverse Breast Cancer Outcomes in a SEER-Medicare Population
Conclusions: Use of diuretics and β-blockers may be associated with increased risk of breast cancer outcomes among older women. Impact: Most antihypertensive medications are safe with respect to breast cancer outcomes, but more research is needed for diuretics and β-blockers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(11); 1603–10. ©2017 AACR. (Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention)
Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention - October 31, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Chen, L., Chubak, J., Boudreau, D. M., Barlow, W. E., Weiss, N. S., Li, C. I. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Cell-Free Circulating DNA Integrity Based on Peripheral Blood as a Biomarker for Diagnosis of Cancer: A Systematic Review
Conclusions: This review suggests that cfDI is controversial as a blood-based biomarker of cancers, although the sensitivity and AUC were relatively high. Impact: cfDI shows heterogeneity between different studies; more perspective studies are needed to further assess its diagnostic performance, especially with other markers in combination. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(11); 1595–602. ©2017 AACR. (Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention)
Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention - October 31, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Cheng, J., Tang, Q., Cao, X., Burwinkel, B. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

A Comparative Study on the WCRF International/University of Bristol Methodology for Systematic Reviews of Mechanisms Underpinning Exposure-Cancer Associations
The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) International and the University of Bristol have developed a novel framework for providing an overview of mechanistic pathways and conducting a systematic literature review of the biologically plausible mechanisms underlying exposure–cancer associations. Two teams independently applied the two-stage framework on mechanisms underpinning the association between body fatness and breast cancer to test the framework feasibility and reproducibility as part of a WCRF-commissioned validation study. In stage I, a "hypothesis-free" approach was used to provide an overview of potential inte...
Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention - October 31, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ertaylan, G., Le Cornet, C., van Roekel, E. H., Jung, A. Y., Bours, M. J. L., Damms-Machado, A., van den Brandt, P. A., Schock, H., de Kok, T. M., Theys, J., Arts, I. C. W., Kaaks, R., Weijenberg, M. P., Fortner, R. T. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

On the Facilitation of Collaborative Research: Enter Stage Left, the Consortium Director
(Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention)
Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention - October 31, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Rolland, B., Potter, J. D. Tags: Commentary Source Type: research

Highlights of This Issue
(Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention)
Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention - October 31, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Highlights Source Type: research

Cigarette Prices and Smoking Cessation--Letter
(Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention)
Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention - October 1, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Braillon, A. Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Explaining the Obesity Paradox--Response
(Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention)
Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention - October 1, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Caan, B. J., Meyerhardt, J. A., Prado, C. M. Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research