Osteocytes reflect a pro-inflammatory state following spinal cord injury in a rodent model
Profound bone loss occurs following spinal cord injury (SCI) resulting in a high incidence of fractures. While likely caused in part by loss of weight-bearing, there is greater bone loss following SCI when compared to that observed in other disuse animal models. Patients with SCI have a protracted inflammatory response, with elevated circulating levels of pro-inflammatory markers. This chronic inflammation could compound the bone loss attributed to disuse and the loss of neural signaling. To assess this, we examined inflammatory markers and bone turnover regulators in osteocytes from rats with a moderate spinal contusion i...
Source: Bone - December 11, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Corinne E. Metzger, Sammy Gong, Miriam Aceves, Susan A. Bloomfield, Michelle A. Hook Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Potential role of senescence in radiation-induced damage of the aged skeleton
Human aging-related changes are exacerbated in cases of disease and cancer, and conversely aging is a catalyst for the occurrence of disease and multimorbidity. For example, old age is the most significant risk factor for cancer and among people who suffer from cancer,>60% are above the age of 65. Oxidative stress and DNA damage, leading to genomic instability and telomere dysfunction, are prevalent in aging and radiation-induced damage and are major cellular events that lead to senescence. Human exposures from nuclear fallout, cosmic radiation and clinical radiotherapy (RT) are some common sources of irradiation that affe...
Source: Bone - December 10, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Abhishek Chandra, Sean S. Park, Robert J. Pignolo Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Sclerosing bone dysplasias with hallmarks of dysosteosclerosis in four patients carrying mutations in SLC29A3 and TCIRG1
We report on four patients from three families presenting with sandwich vertebrae and platyspondyly. The long bone phenotypes were discordant with one patient showing modeling defects and patchy osteosclerosis, while the second displayed only metaphyseal sclerotic bands, and the third and fourth had extreme metaphyseal flaring with uniform osteosclerosis. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - December 8, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Antonia Howaldt, Sheela Nampoothiri, Lisa-Marie Quell, Ayse Ozden, Bj örn Fischer-Zirnsak, Corinne Collet, Marie-Christine de Vernejoul, Hakan Döneray, Hülya Kayserili, Uwe Kornak Tags: Case Report Source Type: research
Mid-calf skeletal muscle density and its associations with physical activity, bone health and incident 12-month falls in older adults: The Healthy Ageing Initiative
Lower skeletal muscle density, indicating greater infiltration of adipose tissue into muscles, is associated with higher fracture risk in older adults. We aimed to determine whether mid-calf muscle density is associated with falls risk and bone health in community-dwelling older adults. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - December 8, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: David Scott, Jonas Johansson, Lachlan B. McMillan, Peter R. Ebeling, Anna Nordstrom, Peter Nordstrom Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Spatially matching morphometric assessment of cartilage and subchondral bone in osteoarthritic human knee joint with micro-computed tomography
The objective of this study was to develop a reproducible and semi-automatic method based on micro computed tomography (microCT) to analyze cartilage and bone morphology of human osteoarthritic knee joints in spatially matching regions of interest. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - December 7, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Birgitta Gatenholm, Carl Lindahl, Mats Brittberg, Vincent A. Stadelmann Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Expression of concern
This is a note of a temporary expression of concern related to the publication titled “High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and reduced bone mass in elderly women with Alzheimer's disease” by Y. Sato, T. Asoh, K. Oizumi (Bone. 1998 December; 23(6): 555–557. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S8756-3282(98)00134-3). (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - December 6, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Expression of Concern Source Type: research
Expression of concern
This is a note of a temporary expression of concern related to the publication titled “Effect of immobilization upon renal synthesis of 1,25‑dihydroxyvitamin D in disabled elderly stroke patients” by Y Sato, K Oizumi, H Kuno, M Kaji (Bone. 1999 March; 24(3): 271–275. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S8756-3282(98)00185-9). (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - December 5, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Expression of Concern Source Type: research
Deletion of OPN in BSP knockout mice does not correct bone hypomineralization but results in high bone turnover
The two SIBLING (Small Integrin Binding Ligand N-linked Glycoproteins), bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteopontin (OPN) are expressed in osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In mature BSP knockout (KO, −/−) mice, both bone formation and resorption as well as mineralization are impaired. OPN−/− mice display impaired resorption, and OPN is described as an inhibitor of mineralization. However, OPN is overexpressed in BSP−/− mice, complicating the understanding of their phenotype. We have generated and characterized mice with a double KO (DKO) of OPN and BSP, to try and unravel their respective contributions. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - December 4, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: W. Bouleftour, L. Juignet, L. Verdi ére, I. Machuca-Gayet, M. Thomas, N. Laroche, A. Vanden-Bossche, D. Farlay, C. Thomas, E. Gineyts, J.P. Concordet, J.B. Renaud, D. Aubert, M. Teixeira, O. Peyruchaud, L. Vico, M.H. Lafage-Proust, H. Follet, L. Malaval Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
miRNA-seq analysis of human vertebrae provides insight into the mechanism underlying GIOP
High-throughput sequencing (HTS) was recently applied to detect microRNA (miRNA) regulation in age-related osteoporosis. However, miRNA regulation has not been reported in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) patients and the mechanism of GIOP remains elusive. To comprehensively analyze the role of miRNA regulation in GIOP based on human vertebrae and to explore the molecular mechanism, a high-throughput sequencing strategy was employed to identify miRNAs involved in GIOP. Twenty-six patients undergoing spinal surgery were included in this study. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - November 29, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Hui Ren, Xiang Yu, Gengyang Shen, Zhida Zhang, Qi Shang, Wenhua Zhao, Jinjing Huang, Peiyuan Yu, Meiqi Zhan, Yongqiang Lu, Ziyang Liang, Jingjing Tang, De Liang, Zhensong Yao, Zhidong Yang, Xiaobing Jiang Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Microscopic markers of an infradian biorhythm in human juvenile ribs
Recent studies have indicated that there may be an infradian systemic biorhythm that coordinates aspects of human hard tissue growth and influences adult body size. Here we investigate if evidence of this biorhythm retained in human teeth as the periodicity of Retzius lines (RP) corresponds with the microstructural growth of a non-weight bearing bone, the rib, in a sample of 50 human juvenile skeletons. Using static histomorphometric methods, the RP of one permanent tooth from each skeleton was calculated and combined with measures of bone remodeling in a rib from the same individual. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - November 29, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Rosie Pitfield, Justyna J. Miszkiewicz, Patrick Mahoney Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
A new noninvasive mechanical bending test accurately predicts ulna bending strength in cadaveric human arms
High error rates in the prediction of fragility fractures by bone mineral density have motivated searches for better clinical indicators of bone strength, and the high incidence of non-hip, non-spine fractures has raised interest in cortical bone. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of Cortical Bone Mechanics Technology ™. CBMT is a new non-invasive 3-point bending technique for measuring the mechanical properties of cortical bone in the ulnas of living humans. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - November 26, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Lyn Bowman, Emily R. Ellerbrock, Gabrielle C. Hausfeld, Jennifer M. Neumeyer, Anne B. Loucks Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Alterations of the gut microbiome and plasma proteome in Chinese patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
The etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), the most common rotational deformity of the spine, is still unclear. Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota dysbiosis influences musculoskeletal diseases such as arthritis and osteoporosis. However, the alterations of the fecal microbiome in AIS remain unknown. Thus, the current study was conducted to explore the gut microbiota compositions of Chinese AIS patients. Microbiota communities in the feces of 51 AIS patients and 34 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were investigated using 16S rRNA sequencing. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - November 24, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Nan Shen, Nan Chen, Xuan Zhou, Bing Zhao, Renxiu Huang, Juping Liang, Xiaoyan Yang, Meijia Chen, Yuanyuan Song, Qing Du Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Bone Marrow Adiposity- Special Edition
We are pleased to introduce a special edition of Bone that is focused on Bone Marrow Adiposity. The past decade has been marked by tremendous progress in our understanding of the bone marrow adipocyte origin and biology, and its importance in the bone marrow niche. The number of publications directly related to bone marrow adiposity has increased at a logarithmic rate, as has the investment from NIH and industry. Despite the plethora of papers, and the relative ease in extrapolating a deleterious role for a fat cell adjacent to a bone cell, it is not that simple, even though many papers report that low bone mass in mice, r...
Source: Bone - November 23, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Beata Lecka-Czernik, Clifford J Rosen Source Type: research
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Source: Bone - November 23, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
SHP2 regulates intramembranous ossification by modifying the TGF β and BMP2 signaling pathway
SHP2 is a ubiquitously expressed protein tyrosine phosphatase, which is involved in many signaling pathways to regulate the skeletal development. In endochondral ossification, SHP2 is known to modify the osteogenic fate of osteochondroprogenitors and to impair the osteoblastic transdifferentiation of hypertrophic chondrocytes. However, how SHP2 regulates osteoblast differentiation in intramembranous ossification remains incompletely understood. To address this question, we generated a mouse model to ablate SHP2 in the Prrx1-expressing mesenchymal progenitors by using “Cre-loxP”-mediated gene excision and examined the d...
Source: Bone - November 21, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Lijun Wang, Jiahui Huang, Douglas C. Moore, Yueming Song, Michael G. Ehrlich, Wentian Yang Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
