An Approach to Nonurothelial Malignancies of the Urinary Bladder in Urine Cytology
Urine cytology is an economical and convenient method of triaging patients who present with urinary symptoms as well as surveying those who have previously been diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma for recurrent or persistent disease. While the vast majority of malignancies diagnosed in urine cytology are urothelial carcinomas, it is important to recognize nonurothelial elements to inform patient prognosis and raise the possibility of involvement by a urothelial carcinoma variant, nonurothelial malignancy of the bladder, or a nonbladder primary, which may alter patient management pathways. As such, becoming familiar with mo...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - October 30, 2022 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Approach to Fine Needle Aspiration of Giant Cell-rich Tumors of Soft Tissue
Giant cells may be found in a wide variety of reactive and neoplastic soft tissue lesions. Because of their distinct histomorphology, they often stand out in procured samples such as fine needle aspirates. The giant cells themselves may be benign or neoplastic. However, the presence, type, and quantity of giant cells are usually not specific and in some cases can even be misleading when making a diagnosis. The aim of this review is to guide the practicing cytopathologist in narrowing their differential diagnosis when encountering one of these challenging giant cell-rich lesions of the soft tissue. (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology)
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - October 30, 2022 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Epithelioid Vascular Lesions: The Differential Diagnosis and Approach in Cytology and Small Biopsies
Vascular neoplasms are rare tumors with a multitude of clinical presentations and behavior, which make accurate identification and subclassification challenging on limited small biopsies. Within the spectrum of these lesions, the ones with epithelioid morphology, such as epithelioid hemangioendothelioma and epithelioid angiosarcoma, are particularly challenging given the morphologic overlap with nonvascular lesions and the limited cells due to hemodilution on sampling. Herein, we review the differential diagnosis of epithelioid vascular neoplasms, with a focus on the cytomorphology, differential diagnoses, and ancillary st...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - October 30, 2022 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Approach to FNA of Myxoid Soft Tissue Tumors
This article provides a systematic approach to diagnosing myxoid soft tissue tumors by FNA along with a review of the literature. (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology)
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - October 30, 2022 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Approach to Fine Needle Aspiration of Adrenal Gland Lesions
Adrenal gland lesions are present in 1% to 5% of patients and are most commonly identified incidentally on abdominal imaging. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology plays an important role in the initial workup of adrenal gland nodules, especially in patients with a known history of malignancy. The most common reason for adrenal gland FNA is to differentiate benign adrenal lesions, such as adrenal cortical adenoma, from metastatic malignancy. However, there is a significant cytomorphologic overlap between primary and metastatic adrenal neoplasms. This review focuses on the current state of adrenal gland FNA cytology, with a...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - October 30, 2022 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Cystic Salivary Gland Neoplasms: Diagnostic Approach With a Focus on Ancillary Studies
Cystic salivary gland cytology can be challenging due to the fact that a cystic mass can be the clinical presentation of both non-neoplastic and neoplastic conditions. Neoplastic lesions consist of both benign and malignant neoplasms. The cytomorphologic features of these entities can overlap and the cystic background may additionally contribute to the complexity of these lesions and their interpretation. Ancillary studies have been reported in several studies to be beneficial in further characterization of the cellular components and subsequent diagnosis of the cystic lesions of the salivary gland. Fluorescence in situ hy...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - October 30, 2022 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Approach to FNA of Thyroid Gland Cysts
Fine needle aspiration is a well-known procedure for the diagnosis and management of thyroid lesions, representing the first diagnostic tool for the definition of their nature. In clinical practice, a thyroid nodule can be classified as solid, cystic, and partially cystic based on its internal components. Different thyroid imaging reporting systems and cytologic diagnostic systems have focused their attention on solid nodules, which are more frequently linked with a malignant outcome. In fact, numerous papers demonstrated that nodules with microcalcifications, a taller-than-wide shape, hypoechogeneity, and irregular margin...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - October 30, 2022 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Approach to FNA of Pancreatic Cysts
Pancreatic cysts are increasingly detected on imaging studies. Accurate determination of the type of cyst is important to provide appropriate care for patients. It is also very clear that not one single modality can provide adequate diagnostic information for pancreatic cysts. A multimodal approach to the diagnosis of pancreatic cyst is the key. This review will highlight how to approach to fine-needle aspiration of pancreatic cysts. The review will also highlight salient features of common neoplastic pancreatic cysts along with the use of ancillary testing which includes biochemical testing, commonly utilized molecular te...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - October 30, 2022 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Approach to Mediastinal Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology
Mediastinal fine needle aspirations are routinely encountered in cytopathology practice. Mediastinal lesions may pose diagnostic challenges owing to their rarity and locations associated with the complexity of the mediastinal anatomic structures in the thoracic cavity. Diagnosing mediastinal lesions and guiding patient management usually require correlating with clinical and radiologic findings, being familiar with cytomorphologic features and appropriately triaging the diagnostic material for ancillary testing. This review proposes a practical approach to interpret mediastinal fine needle aspirations and emphasizes potent...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - October 30, 2022 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Small Biopsy and Cytology of Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Brief Overview of Classification, Immunohistochemistry, Molecular Profiles, and World Health Organization Updates
Pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms comprise ~20% of all lung tumors. Typical carcinoid, atypical carcinoid, small cell carcinoma, and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma represent the 4 major distinct subtypes recognized on resections. This review provides a brief overview of the cytomorphologic features and the 2021 World Health Organization classification of these tumor types on small biopsy and cytology specimens. Also discussed are the role of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis and molecular signatures of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology)
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - October 30, 2022 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Contemporary Approach to Nongynecological Cytopathology
No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology)
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - October 30, 2022 Category: Pathology Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
TikTok: The New “Social Media Frontier” in Pathology?
No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology)
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - August 21, 2022 Category: Pathology Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
Low to Intermediate (Borderline) Grade Breast Spindle Cell Lesions on Needle Biopsy: Diagnostic Approach and Clinical Management
We present our approach to immunohistochemical and other ancillary testing and highlight issues in pathology correlation with imaging. Recent updates in the management of breast spindle cell lesions are addressed. In a well-sampled lesion with radiographic concordance, the core biopsy diagnosis reliably guides management and we advocate the inclusion of management recommendations in the pathology report. Precise characterization using up to date guidelines is important to identify a subset of patients who may safely avoid unnecessary surgical procedures. A multidisciplinary approach with close collaboration with our clinic...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - August 21, 2022 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
DICER1-associated Tumors in the Female Genital Tract: Molecular Basis, Clinicopathologic Features, and Differential Diagnosis
DICER1 syndrome is a tumor predisposition syndrome in which patients are at an increased risk of developing a wide variety of benign and malignant neoplasms with a hallmark constellation of pediatric pleuropulmonary blastoma, cystic nephroma, and thyroid lesions. DICER1 encodes an RNA endoribonuclease that is crucial to the processing of microRNA and may play a role in the maturation of Müllerian tissue. Within the gynecologic tract, germline mutations in DICER1 are associated with an array of rare tumors, including Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the cervix, gynandroblastoma, and juvenile granulo...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - August 21, 2022 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Mucinous Proliferations of the Uterine Corpus: Comprehensive Appraisal of an Evolving Spectrum of Neoplasms
A variety of endometrial lesions may contain mucinous cells. Herein, the author reviews the literature on the classification and clinicopathologic significance of uterine corpus proliferations with a significant mucinous component, assesses the 2020 World Health Organization classification of such lesions, and presents a diagnostic framework. The key epithelial mucinous lesions include mucinous metaplasia, atypical mucinous glandular proliferation and mucinous carcinoma. Each of these categories are classifiable into “usual” and gastrointestinal subtypes, the latter being indicative of intestinal (presence of goblet ce...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - August 21, 2022 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
