Establishing robust governance of clinical artificial intelligence software – Why radiologists should lead
The longstanding research and development of artificial intelligence (AI) within the field of Diagnostic Radiology and the larger medical universe has begun to translate into clinically useful tools. As of this publication, there are over 500 AI based radiology applications approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for commercial sale in the United States.1,2 Additional AI based non-clinical applications are marketed to improve workflow, patient follow-up, and other noninterpretable or nonpatient-facing tasks. (Source: Clinical Imaging)
Source: Clinical Imaging - April 19, 2024 Category: Radiology Authors: Joseph J. Cavallo, Melissa A. Davis Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Intravenous Opioid Medication with Piritramide Reduces the Risk of Pneumothorax During CT-Guided Percutaneous Core Biopsy of the Lung
ConclusionProcedural opioid medication with piritramide proved to be a previously undisclosed factor decreasing the risk of pneumothorax associated with CT-guided percutaneous core biopsy of the lung.Level of Evidence 4small study cohort.Graphic Abstract (Source: CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology)
Source: CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology - April 19, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Real-Time Optimal Synthetic Inversion Recovery Image Selection (RT-OSIRIS) for Deep Brain Stimulation Targeting
AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is a method of electrical neuromodulation used to treat a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions including essential tremor, Parkinson ’s disease, epilepsy, and obsessive–compulsive disorder. The procedure requires precise placement of electrodes such that the electrical contacts lie within or in close proximity to specific target nuclei and tracts located deep within the brain. DBS electrode trajectory planning has become incr easingly dependent on direct targeting with the need for precise visualization of targets. MRI is the primary tool for direct visualization, and this has led...
Source: Journal of Digital Imaging - April 19, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Multimodality Fusion Strategies in Eye Disease Diagnosis
In conclusion, this study substantiates late f usion as the optimal strategy for eye disease diagnosis compared to early and joint fusion, showcasing its superiority in leveraging multimodal information. (Source: Journal of Digital Imaging)
Source: Journal of Digital Imaging - April 19, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Left Ventricular Segmentation, Warping, and Myocardial Registration for Automated Strain Measurement
AbstractThe left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) is a crucial prognostic indicator. However, inconsistencies in measurements due to the speckle tracking algorithm and manual adjustments have hindered its standardization and democratization. To solve this issue, we proposed a fully automated strain measurement by artificial intelligence-assisted LV segmentation contours. The LV segmentation model was trained from echocardiograms of 368 adults (11,125 frames). We compared the registration-like effects of dynamic time warping (DTW) with speckle tracking on a synthetic echocardiographic dataset in experiment-1. ...
Source: Journal of Digital Imaging - April 19, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Balancing robustness and adaptation rate for proton therapy of lung cancer patients
Proton therapy aims at accurately delivering high radiation doses to tumors while reducing exposure to surrounding healthy tissue when compared to classical photon-based radiotherapy. The steep dose fall-off at the distal edge of the protons ’ range (the so-called “Bragg Peak”) results in a sharply localized dose peak [1]. This improved conformity when compared to photons comes at the expense of an increased susceptibility to treatment errors such as patient positioning or setup errors, range errors (resulting from the conversion of the CT numbers to proton stopping power ratios (SPRs), and inter- and intra- fraction...
Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology - April 19, 2024 Category: Radiology Authors: Vlad Badiu, Vicki Trier Taasti, Gilles Defraene, Wouter van Elmpt, Edmond Sterpin Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Transseptal coronary artery —a pictorial review
AbstractA transseptal coronary artery course, also known as a transconal course, is an anomalous course of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) or the left anterior descending artery (LAD) through the conal septal myocardium. The conal septal myocardium is the posterior wall of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), acting as a dividing myocardial wall between the subaortic and subpulmonary outflow tracts. The initial segment of a transseptal coronary artery has an extraconal course between the aorta and the RVOT cranial to the true intramyocardial segment. The transseptal coronary artery then emerges out of the conal...
Source: Pediatric Radiology - April 19, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Cancers, Vol. 16, Pages 1570: Machine Learning Applied to Pre-Operative Computed-Tomography-Based Radiomic Features Can Accurately Differentiate Uterine Leiomyoma from Leiomyosarcoma: A Pilot Study
Conclusions: CECT images integrated with radiomics have great potential in differentiating uterine leiomyomas from leiomyosarcomas. Such a tool can be used to mitigate the risks of eventual surgical spread in the case of leiomyosarcoma and allow for safer fertility-sparing treatment in patients with benign uterine lesions. (Source: Cancers)
Source: Cancers - April 19, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Miriam Santoro Vladislav Zybin Camelia Alexandra Coada Giulia Mantovani Giulia Paolani Marco Di Stanislao Cecilia Modolon Stella Di Costanzo Andrei Lebovici Gloria Ravegnini Antonio De Leo Marco Tesei Pietro Pasquini Luigi Lovato Alessio Giuseppe Morganti Tags: Article Source Type: research
Watch & wait - Post neoadjuvant imaging for rectal cancer
Rectal cancer management has evolved over the past decade with the emergence of total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT). For select patients who achieve a clinical complete response following TNT, organ preservation by means of the watch-and-wait (WW) strategy is an increasingly adopted alternative that preserves rectal function and quality of life without compromising oncologic outcomes. Recently, published 5-year results from the OPRA trial demonstrated that organ preservation can be achieved in approximately half of patients managed with the WW strategy, with most local regrowth events occurring within two years. (Source: Clinical Imaging)
Source: Clinical Imaging - April 19, 2024 Category: Radiology Authors: Maria El Homsi, Aron Bercz, Stephanie Chahwan, Maria Clara Fernandes, Sidra Javed-Tayyab, Jennifer S. Golia Pernicka, Josip Nincevic, Viktoriya Paroder, Lisa Ruby, J. Joshua Smith, Iva Petkovska Tags: Body Imaging Source Type: research
Multi-Dynamic-Multi-Echo-based MRI for the Pre-Surgical Determination of Sellar Tumor Consistency: a Quantitative Approach for Predicting Lesion Resectability
ConclusionMDME-based relaxometry enables a non-invasive, pre-surgical characterization of lesion consistency and, therefore, provides a modality with which to predict tumor resectability. (Source: Klinische Neuroradiologie)
Source: Klinische Neuroradiologie - April 19, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
“A patient's doctor”- A high school freshman's reflection on the field of breast imaging
Despite an increasing focus on gender diversity in radiology the underrepresentation of women in radiology has not significantly improved over the last two decades, with women continuing to representing just a quarter of the radiology workforce since 2007 (AAMC, 20191). Although multifactorial, lack of perceived patient interaction in the field has been reported to be one of the main deterring factors in why women chose not to pursue radiology (Arleo et al., 2016; Fielding et al., 20072,3). With increasing advances and integration of medical imaging into medical care (Brink and Hricak, 20234), Radiology's impact on daily p...
Source: Clinical Imaging - April 19, 2024 Category: Radiology Authors: Ella Atzil, Katerina Dodelzon Tags: Patients & Practice, Policy Education Source Type: research
Formal wellness training of academic radiology leaders improves work-life conflict
ConclusionFormal instruction in leading wellness improved work-life conflict for academic radiology leaders. There was no significant change in burnout, fulfillment nor organizational alignment of the leaders.Clinical relevance statementFormal instruction in leading wellness raised awareness and improved work-life conflict in academic radiology leaders. (Source: European Radiology)
Source: European Radiology - April 19, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Quantitative MR imaging biomarkers for distinguishing inflammatory pancreatic mass and pancreatic cancer —a systematic review and meta-analysis
ConclusionsQuantitative MR imaging biomarkers are useful in distinguishing between IPM and PC. ADC values differ between MFP and AIP, and they should be separated for consideration in future studies.Clinical relevance statementQuantitative MR parameters could serve as non-invasive imaging biomarkers for differentiating malignant pancreatic neoplasms from inflammatory masses of the pancreas, and hence help to avoid unnecessary surgery.Key Points•Several quantitative MR imaging biomarkers performed well in differential diagnosis between inflammatory pancreatic mass and pancreatic cancer.•The ADC value could discern pancr...
Source: European Radiology - April 19, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Re-attendance in supplemental breast MRI screening rounds of the DENSE trial for women with extremely dense breasts
ConclusionsThe willingness of women with dense breasts to re-attend an ongoing MRI screening study is high. However, emphasis should be placed on improving the MRI experience to increase the re-attendance rate if widespread supplemental MRI screening is implemented.Clinical relevance statementFor many women, MRI is an acceptable screening method, as re-attendance rates were high — even for screening in a clinical trial setting. To further enhance the (re-)attendance rate, one possible approach could be improving the overall MRI experience.Key Points•The willingness to re-attend in an ongoing MRI screening study is high...
Source: European Radiology - April 19, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Bench-to-bedside imaging in brain metastases: a road to precision oncology
This article offers insight into the molecular biology underlying brain metastasis, its pathogenesis, imaging protocols, and algorithms. It also discusses disease-specific molecular imaging features, focusing on common tumors that spread to the brain, such as lung, breast, colorectal cancer, melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma. Additionally, it covers various targeted treatment options, criteria for assessing treatment response, and the role of artificial intelligence in diagnosing, managing, and predicting prognosis for patients with brain metastases.PMID:38637186 | DOI:10.1016/j.crad.2024.02.015 (Source: Clinical Colorectal Cancer)
Source: Clinical Colorectal Cancer - April 18, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: S Shukla A Karbhari S Rastogi U Agarwal P Rai A Mahajan Source Type: research
