Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 Activation Causes a Water Diuresis by Inducing an Acute Central Diabetes Insipidus in Mice
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2024 Apr 18. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00320.2022. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCannabis and synthetic cannabinoid consumption is increasing worldwide. Cannabis contains numerous phytocannabinoids that act on the G-protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1R) and type 2 (CB2R) expressed throughout the body, including the kidney. Essentially every organ, including the kidney, produces endocannabinoids (ECs), endogenous ligands to these receptors. Cannabinoids acutely increase urine output in rodents and humans, thus potentially influencing total-body water and electrolyte homeostasis. As the ...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology - April 18, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Joshua L Rein Ken Mackie Thomas R Kleyman Lisa M Satlin Source Type: research
Keratin 5 Basal Cells are Temporally Regulated Developmental and Tissue Repair Progenitors in Bladder Urothelium
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2024 Apr 18. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00378.2023. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTUrothelium forms a distensible yet impermeable barrier, senses and transduces stimuli, and defends the urinary tract from mechanical, chemical and bacterial injuries. Biochemical and genetic labeling studies support the existence of one or more progenitor populations with the capacity to rapidly regenerate the urothelium following injury, but slow turnover, a low mitotic index, and inconsistent methodologies obscure progenitor identity. The progenitor properties of basal Keratin 5 urothelial cells (K5-UC) have been prev...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology - April 18, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Brian Becknell Mohammad El-Harakeh Felipe Rodriguez-Tirado Kelly M Grounds Birong Li Macie Kercsmar Xin Wang Ashley R Jackson Source Type: research
Raising serum uric acid with a uricase inhibitor worsens PKD in rat and mouse models
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2024 Apr 18. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00372.2023. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHumans are predisposed to gout because they lack uricase that converts uric acid to allantoin. Rodents have uricase, resulting in low basal serum uric acid. A uricase inhibitor raises serum uric acid in rodents. There were 2 aims of the study in polycystic kidney disease (PKD): 1) to determine whether increasing serum uric acid with the uricase inhibitor, oxonic acid, resulted in faster cyst growth and 2) to determine whether treatment with the xanthine oxidase inhibitor, oxypurinol, reduced the cyst growth caused by ox...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology - April 18, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Anjana Chaudhary Zhibin He Daniel J Atwood Makoto Miyazaki Ozgur A Oto Allen Davidoff Charles L Edelstein Source Type: research
Delta like 4 regulates cerebrovascular development and endothelial integrity via DLL4-NOTCH-CLDN5 pathway and is vulnerable to neonatal hyperoxia
J Physiol. 2024 Apr 17. doi: 10.1113/JP285716. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe mechanisms governing brain vascularization during development remain poorly understood. A key regulator of developmental vascularization is delta like 4 (DLL4), a Notch ligand prominently expressed in endothelial cells (EC). Exposure to hyperoxia in premature infants can disrupt the development and functions of cerebral blood vessels and lead to long-term cognitive impairment. However, its role in cerebral vascular development and the impact of postnatal hyperoxia on DLL4 expression in mouse brain EC have not been explored. We determined the D...
Source: The Journal of Physiology - April 18, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Xingrao Ke Sheng Xia Wei Yu Sherry Mabry Qi Fu Heather L Menden Venkatesh Sampath Robert H Lane Source Type: research
Uterine artery dysfunction in hypoxic pregnancy: a mitochondrial perspective
J Physiol. 2024 Apr 18. doi: 10.1113/JP286475. Online ahead of print.NO ABSTRACTPMID:38635337 | DOI:10.1113/JP286475 (Source: The Journal of Physiology)
Source: The Journal of Physiology - April 18, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Krisha H Avalani Noah D Patterson Kevin O Murray Source Type: research
Short communication: The boring sponge (Pione vastifica, Hancock, 1849) induces oxidative stress in the Pacific oyster (Magallana gigas, Thunberg, 1793)
In this study, we investigated the effects of boring sponge on the activity of three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GP)) in the mantle, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and potential genotoxicity in hemocytes of the Pacific oyster Magallana gigas. Our results showed a significant increase in ROS production and DNA damage in hemocytes. Notably, the activity of SOD, CAT, and GP in the mantle was not significantly affected by boring sponge infection. Collectively, these results suggest that sponge invasion may cause oxidative stress in Pacific oys...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry and molecular biology. - April 18, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Elina S Chelebieva Daria S Lavrichenko Olga L Gostyukhina Maria S Podolskaya Ekaterina S Kladchenko Source Type: research
SubSol-HIe is an AMPK-dependent hypoxia-responsive subnucleus of the nucleus tractus solitarius that coordinates the hypoxic ventilatory response and protects against apnoea in mice
Pflugers Arch. 2024 Apr 18. doi: 10.1007/s00424-024-02957-6. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) suggests that the hypoxic ventilatory response is facilitated by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), not at the carotid bodies, but within a subnucleus (Bregma -7.5 to -7.1 mm) of the nucleus tractus solitarius that exhibits right-sided bilateral asymmetry. Here, we map this subnucleus using cFos expression as a surrogate for neuronal activation and mice in which the genes encoding the AMPK-α1 (Prkaa1) and AMPK-α2 (Prkaa2) catalytic subunits were deleted in catecholaminergic cells b...
Source: Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology - April 18, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Sandy MacMillan David P Burns Ken D O'Halloran A Mark Evans Source Type: research
How ceramides affect the development of colon cancer: from normal colon to carcinoma
Pflugers Arch. 2024 Apr 18. doi: 10.1007/s00424-024-02960-x. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe integrity of the colon and the development of colon cancer depend on the sphingolipid balance in colon epithelial cells. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on how ceramides and their complex derivatives influence normal colon development and colon cancer development. Ceramides, glucosylceramides and sphingomyelin are essential membrane components and, due to their biophysical properties, can influence the activation of membrane proteins, affecting protein-protein interactions and downstream signalling pathways. He...
Source: Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology - April 18, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Nadine Merz Jennifer Christina Hartel Sabine Gr ösch Source Type: research
Murine Alox8 versus the human ALOX15B ortholog: differences and similarities
Pflugers Arch. 2024 Apr 19. doi: 10.1007/s00424-024-02961-w. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHuman arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase type B is a lipoxygenase that catalyzes the peroxidation of arachidonic acid at carbon-15. The corresponding murine ortholog however has 8-lipoxygenase activity. Both enzymes oxygenate polyunsaturated fatty acids in S-chirality with singular reaction specificity, although they generate a different product pattern. Furthermore, while both enzymes utilize both esterified fatty acids and fatty acid hydro(pero)xides as substrates, they differ with respect to the orientation of the fatty acid in their su...
Source: Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology - April 18, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Megan A Palmer Yvonne Benatzy Bernhard Br üne Source Type: research
Circadian Disruption as a Risk Factor for Development of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders - From Animal Models to Human Population
Physiol Res. 2024 Apr 18. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe lifestyle of human society is drifting apart from the natural environmental cycles that have influenced it since its inception. These cycles were fundamental in structuring the daily lives of people in the pre-industrial era, whether they were seasonal or daily. Factors that disrupt the regularity of human behaviour and its alignment with solar cycles, such as late night activities accompanied with food intake, greatly disturb the internal temporal organization in the body. This is believed to contribute to the rise of the so-called diseases of civilization. In th...
Source: Physiological Research - April 18, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: A Sumov á M Sl ádek Source Type: research
Gliflozins in the Treatment of Non-diabetic Experimental Cardiovascular Diseases
Physiol Res. 2024 Apr 18. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTA new class of antidiabetic drugs - gliflozins (inhibitors of sodium glucose cotransporter-2; SGLT-2i) stimulate glucose and sodium excretion, thereby contributing to improved glycemic control, weight loss and blood pressure reduction in diabetic patients. Large clinical trials in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with empagliflozin, canagliflozin or dapagliflozin have demonstrated their excellent efficacy in improving many cardiovascular outcomes, including the reduction of death from cardiovascular diseases, non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke, and hospita...
Source: Physiological Research - April 18, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: I Van ěčková J Zicha Source Type: research
Exploring Educational Transformations Through the Innovative Flipped Learning Instruction Project (IFLIP) Symposium
Adv Physiol Educ. 2024 Apr 18. doi: 10.1152/advan.00027.2024. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe flipped classroom is an innovative pedagogy that shifts content delivery outside the classroom, utilizing in-class time for interactive learning. The pre-class and in-class activities in this framework encourage individualized learning and collaborative problem-solving among students, fostering engagement. The Innovative Flipped Learning Instruction Project (IFLIP) conducted faculty development workshops over four years, guiding STEM faculty in integrating flipped teaching (FT) into their courses. The research aimed to assess it...
Source: Advances in Physiology Education - April 18, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Chaya Gopalan Patricia A Halpin Athavan Alias Anand Selvam Wei-Chen Hung Source Type: research
Hemodynamic Mechanisms Initiating Salt-Sensitive Hypertension in Rat Model of Primary Aldosteronism
Physiol Res. 2024 Apr 18. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTFew studies have investigated the hemodynamic mechanism whereby primary hyperaldosteronism causes hypertension. The traditional view holds that hyperaldosteronism initiates hypertension by amplifying salt-dependent increases in cardiac output (CO) by promoting increases in sodium retention and blood volume. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) is said to increase only as a secondary consequence of the increased CO and blood pressure. Recently, we investigated the primary hemodynamic mechanism whereby hyperaldosteronism promotes salt sensitivity and initiation of salt-de...
Source: Physiological Research - April 18, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: M Pravenec P Mlejnek M Šimáková J Šilhavý Source Type: research
Epitranscriptomic Regulations in the Heart
Physiol Res. 2024 Apr 18. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTRNA modifications affect key stages of the RNA life cycle, including splicing, export, decay, and translation. Epitranscriptomic regulations therefore significantly influence cellular physiology and pathophysiology. Here, we selected some of the most abundant modifications and reviewed their roles in the heart and in cardiovascular diseases: N6-methyladenosine (m6A), N6,2'-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), pseudouridine (?), 5 methylcytidine (m5C), and inosine (I). Dysregulation of epitranscriptomic machinery affecting these modifications vastly ch...
Source: Physiological Research - April 18, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: D Benak F Kolar M Hlavackova Source Type: research
Muscarinic Receptors in Cardioprotection and Vascular Tone Regulation
Physiol Res. 2024 Apr 18. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMuscarinic acetylcholine receptors are metabotropic G-protein coupled receptors. Muscarinic receptors in the cardiovascular system play a central role in its regulation. Particularly M2 receptors slow down the heart rate by reducing the impulse conductivity through the atrioventricular node. In general, activation of muscarinic receptors has sedative effects on the cardiovascular system, including vasodilation, negative chronotropic and inotropic effects on the heart, and cardioprotective effects, including antifibrillatory effects. First, we review the signaling of i...
Source: Physiological Research - April 18, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: E Dolej ší A Janou šková J Jakub ík Source Type: research
