Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review
Curr Oncol. 2024 Mar 21;31(3):1618-1632. doi: 10.3390/curroncol31030123.ABSTRACTNeuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a rare subtype of prostate cancer (PCa) that usually results in poor clinical outcomes and may be accompanied by paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS). NEPC is becoming more frequent. It can initially manifest as PNS, complicating diagnosis. Therefore, we reviewed the literature on the different PNS associated with NEPC. We systematically reviewed English-language articles from January 2017 to September 2023, identifying 17 studies meeting PRISMA guidelines for NEPC and associated PNS. A total of 17 articles we...
Source: Current Oncology - March 27, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Mohammad Abufaraj Raghad Ramadan Amro Alkhatib Source Type: research

Hyperthyroidism in non-seminomatous testicular germ cell tumors: two case reports and literature review
ConclusionDespite being a rare event, the presence of hyperthyroidism or thyrotoxicosis without clear etiology in a young man should lead to consider less frequent causes such as testicular tumors. Even if patients typically have mild symptoms that resolve after chemotherapy, in rare cases, it can be a life-threatening condition that requires prompt recognition and specific intervention. (Source: Frontiers in Oncology)
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - March 27, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Case report: A novel case of paraneoplastic voltage gated calcium channel antibodies secondary to appendiceal adenocarcinoma
Voltage gated calcium channels (VGCCs) play a critical role in neural transmission. Antibodies that target these ion channels can disrupt cellular signal transmission resulting in various clinical presentations. VGCC antibodies are most commonly associated with paraneoplastic syndromes such as Lambert-Eatons myasthenic syndrome. Here, we report a 47-year-old female with Stage IV appendiceal adenocarcinoma status post appendectomy and right hemicolectomy, who presented with progressive memory impairment, aphasia, ataxia, weakness, and headache. Neurologic exam was notable for right-sided parietal drift, decreased right arm ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - March 27, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Immune ‐mediated spastic ataxia masquerading as clinically probable multisystem atrophy in an elderly woman
ConclusionsThis case emphasizes the diagnostic complexity of autoimmune neurological syndromes, particularly spastic ataxia. Autoimmune etiology should be considered even when neurodegenerative conditions seem likely. The presence of neuronal antibodies, inflammatory CSF, and response to immunotherapy underscores the role of autoimmunity in this case. Additionally, the “hot cross bun sign” may not always signify neurodegeneration, but can indicate immune-mediated neural damage. Recognizing autoimmune involvement early offers therapeutic possibilities and highlights the need for a comprehensive diagnostic approach in su...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - March 26, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Rithvik Ramesh, Anuhya Chadalawada, Pedapati Radhakrishna, Lakshmi Narasimhan Ranganathan, Philo Hazeena, Sundar Shanmugam, Deepa Avadhani Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

A unique case of bilateral ventricular infiltration by lung adenocarcinoma with paraneoplastic hypereosinophilia
We present a case of bilateral ventricular metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma accompanied by tumour-related hypereosinophilia. Intracavitary metastasis may occur in the presence of extensive disease, poorly differentiated tumours, or paraneoplastic hypereosinophilia. Key messageExistence of poorly differentiated tumour cells or paraneoplastic hypereosinophilia indicates extensive disease progression and poor prognosis in patients with malignancy. When these conditions are present, it is necessary to consider the possibility of intracardiac metastasis even in cases of lung adenocarcinoma. (Source: Respirology Case Reports)
Source: Respirology Case Reports - March 25, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Masaaki Iwabayashi, Takahiro Masuda, Kosuke Tokushige, Hiroko Jinno, Kimihide Tada Tags: CLINICAL IMAGE Source Type: research

Recurrent severe hypocalcemia following chemotherapy regimen changes in advanced breast cancer: two case reports
ConclusionsWe observed two cases of recurrent severe hypocalcemia in patients with advanced breast cancer and bone metastases after modifications to their therapy regimens. These cases differed from the typical hypocalcemia induced by bone-modifying agents. It is possible that antitumor drugs affect calcium and bone metabolism associated with bone metastases. While these cases are rare, it is crucial for oncologists to be aware of hypocalcemia not only at the initiation of bone-modifying agents but also throughout the entire antitumor therapy, as hypocalcemia can lead to fatal outcomes. (Source: Journal of Medical Case Reports)
Source: Journal of Medical Case Reports - March 25, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

MAIT cells are associated with responsiveness to neoadjuvant immunotherapy in COPD ‐associated NSCLC
ConclusionsIn patients with NSCLC and COPD, response to immunotherapy is associated with accumulation of CD8+ MAIT cells showing immune exhaustion. These findings may contribute to innovative approaches for immunotherapy targeting CD8+ MAIT cells. (Source: Cancer Medicine)
Source: Cancer Medicine - March 21, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Yanze Yin, Ao Zeng, Abudumijiti Abuduwayiti, Zhilong Xu, Keyi Chen, Chao Wang, Xinyun Fang, Jiarui Wang, Gening Jiang, Jie Dai Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Gait instability, ophthalmoplegia, and chorea with orofacial dyskinesia in a man with anti-Ri antibodies: a case report
We report the rare manifestation of anti-Ri antibody-associated paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS), and this case can alert us to the importance of respiratory management in this diverse neurologic disease. Furthermore, PNSs positive for anti-Ri antibodies should be added to the list of differential diagnoses of chorea with orofacial dyskinesia. (Source: Frontiers in Neurology)
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - March 20, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

SOX ‐1 antibodies positive Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome with occult small cell lung cancer: A case report
We report a patient with LEMS who was tested positive for SOX-1 antibodies and was definitively diagnosed with SCLC by pathological biopsy after 10  months follow-up. AbstractLambert –Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is a rare paraneoplastic neurological syndrome of the neuromuscular transmission. The symptoms often progress slowly and can be misdiagnosed in early stage. Seropositive SOX-1 antibodies are support for the diagnosis of LEMS and have high specificity for small cel l lung cancer (SCLC). In this paper, we report a case of a 56-year-old man with smoking history who was admitted to hospital with progressive mus...
Source: The Clinical Respiratory Journal - March 19, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Liming Zhao, Hongyan He, Weixin Han, Yizhe Meng, Lifei Kang, Yanqiang Chen Tags: BRIEF REPORT Source Type: research

SOX-1 antibodies positive Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome with occult small cell lung cancer: A case report
Clin Respir J. 2024 Mar;18(3):e13740. doi: 10.1111/crj.13740.ABSTRACTLambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is a rare paraneoplastic neurological syndrome of the neuromuscular transmission. The symptoms often progress slowly and can be misdiagnosed in early stage. Seropositive SOX-1 antibodies are support for the diagnosis of LEMS and have high specificity for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). In this paper, we report a case of a 56-year-old man with smoking history who was admitted to hospital with progressive muscle weakness of the proximal legs. LEMS was diagnosed by repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) testing and seropos...
Source: Clinical Lung Cancer - March 18, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Liming Zhao Hongyan He Weixin Han Yizhe Meng Lifei Kang Yanqiang Chen Source Type: research

SOX-1 antibodies positive Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome with occult small cell lung cancer: A case report
Clin Respir J. 2024 Mar;18(3):e13740. doi: 10.1111/crj.13740.ABSTRACTLambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is a rare paraneoplastic neurological syndrome of the neuromuscular transmission. The symptoms often progress slowly and can be misdiagnosed in early stage. Seropositive SOX-1 antibodies are support for the diagnosis of LEMS and have high specificity for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). In this paper, we report a case of a 56-year-old man with smoking history who was admitted to hospital with progressive muscle weakness of the proximal legs. LEMS was diagnosed by repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) testing and seropos...
Source: Clinical Lung Cancer - March 18, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Liming Zhao Hongyan He Weixin Han Yizhe Meng Lifei Kang Yanqiang Chen Source Type: research

Sequential onset of anti-HU-related paraneoplastic sensory polyneuropathy and limbic encephalitis in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour: a case report
(Source: Acta Neurologica Belgica)
Source: Acta Neurologica Belgica - March 18, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Update on Neuro-ophthalmic Manifestations of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
AbstractPurpose of ReviewImmune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) use has been on the rise for treatment of many different malignancies. Subsequently, more has been learned about immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that occur up to 12  months after treatment. This review summarizes the latest findings and management of neuro-ophthalmic associated irAEs.Recent FindingsirAEs can affect the afferent and efferent neuro-ophthalmic pathways, thereby targeting central and peripheral nervous systems. As more cases are being reported, it is becoming apparent that neuro-ophthalmic irAEs often present with atypical features when compared...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - March 18, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome associated with gynecologic and breast malignancies
Handb Clin Neurol. 2024;200:409-417. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-823912-4.00014-1.ABSTRACTGynecologic and breast malignancies are the cancers most commonly associated with paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes, of which the foremost is Yo [Purkinje cell antibody, type 1 (PCA-1)] paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. Yo syndrome affects women in the sixth decade and manifests as a subacute severe cerebellar ataxia. The association of the typical clinical picture with the detection of Yo antibodies in a patient's serum or CSF defines the diagnosis. Yo syndrome is always associated with a cancer, and the search for the underlying ...
Source: Clinical Genitourinary Cancer - March 17, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Elise Peter J érôme Honnorat Virginie Desestret Source Type: research

Paraneoplastic antibodies targeting intracellular antigens
Handb Clin Neurol. 2024;200:335-346. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-823912-4.00021-9.ABSTRACTAlthough they are relatively rare, the diagnosis of paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes (PNS) can be aided by the identification of neural autoantibodies in patients' serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). They often clinically manifest as characteristic syndromes, including limbic encephalitis, opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome, paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, and paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis. The antibodies are directed either toward intracellular targets, or epitopes on the cell surface. As compared to cell surface antibodies, int...
Source: Clinical Genitourinary Cancer - March 17, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Jenny J Linnoila Source Type: research