Antigenic Characterization of Novel Human Norovirus GII.4 Variants San Francisco 2017 and Hong Kong 2019
K. Tohma et al. (Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal)
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal - April 17, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Effect of Non-Rotavirus Enteric Infections on Vaccine Efficacy in a ROTASIIL Clinical Trial
This study examined the relative proportion of enteric pathogens associated with severe gastroenteritis (GE) among children younger than 2 years in a phase III efficacy trial of the ROTASIIL® vaccine in India, evaluated the impact of co-infections on vaccine efficacy (VE), and characterized the association between specific pathogens and the clinical profile of severe GE. Stored stool samples collected from cases of severe GE in the phase III trial were tested by quantitative polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan™ Array Cards. Etiology was attributed by calculating the adjusted attributable fraction (AF) for each pathog...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - April 16, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Dilip Abraham Prasanna Samuel Premkumar James A Platts-Mills Tushar Tewari Niranjan Bhat Revathi Rajendiran Hemavathi Gunalan Gagandeep Kang Source Type: research
Effect of Non-Rotavirus Enteric Infections on Vaccine Efficacy in a ROTASIIL Clinical Trial
This study examined the relative proportion of enteric pathogens associated with severe gastroenteritis (GE) among children younger than 2 years in a phase III efficacy trial of the ROTASIIL® vaccine in India, evaluated the impact of co-infections on vaccine efficacy (VE), and characterized the association between specific pathogens and the clinical profile of severe GE. Stored stool samples collected from cases of severe GE in the phase III trial were tested by quantitative polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan™ Array Cards. Etiology was attributed by calculating the adjusted attributable fraction (AF) for each pathog...
Source: Am J Trop Med Hyg - April 16, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Dilip Abraham Prasanna Samuel Premkumar James A Platts-Mills Tushar Tewari Niranjan Bhat Revathi Rajendiran Hemavathi Gunalan Gagandeep Kang Source Type: research
Collision induced unfolding and molecular dynamics simulations of norovirus capsid dimers reveal strain-specific stability profiles
This article is licensed under aCreative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.Maxim N Brodmerkel, Lars Thiede, Emiliano De Santis, Charlotte Uetrecht, Carl Caleman, Erik Marklund Collision induced unfolding is a method used with ion mobility mass spectrometry to examine protein structures and their stability. Such experiments yield information about higher order protein structures, yet are... The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry (Source: RSC - Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. latest articles)
Source: RSC - Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. latest articles - April 10, 2024 Category: Chemistry Authors: Maxim N Brodmerkel Source Type: research
Sapovirus: an emerging pathogen in kidney transplant recipients?
ConclusionIn high-risk patients, early symptomatic treatment remains crucial to protect the transplant`s function. In our cohort all patients recovered well. Larger cohorts and longer follow-up times are needed to detect the long-term consequences and a potential need for further research regarding specific treatment.Trial registrationThe study has been registered on DRKS (trialsearch.who.int), Reg. Nr. DRKS00033311 (December 28th 2023). (Source: Infection)
Source: Infection - April 9, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
The Inhibitory Effect of Resveratrol from Reynoutria japonica on MNV-1, a Human Norovirus Surrogate
In this study, the effect of resveratrol on the viability of RAW264.7 cells was examined, and murine norovirus (MNV-1) was used as a surrogate for human norovirus to evaluate the inhibitory effect of resveratrol. The concentrations of resveratrol resulting in 50% cytotoxicity (CC50) for RAW264.7 cells were 21.32 and 24.97 μg/mL after 24 and 48 h of incubation, respectively, and resveratrol at a concentration lower than the half-effective inhibitory concentration (EC50) could not damage cell DNA. The EC50 of resveratrol on MNV-1 in infected RAW264.7 cells was determined to equal 5.496 μg/mL. After RAW264.7 cells, virus, a...
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - April 3, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Scenario-based assessment of fecal pathogen sources affecting bathing water quality: novel treatment options to reduce norovirus and Campylobacter infection risks
In this study, quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) tools were used to evaluate the hygienic impact of sewage effluents and runoff water from municipalities and animal farms on surface and bathing waters. The human-specific microbial source tracking (MST) marker HF183 was used to evaluate the dilution of fecal pathogens originating from the sewage effluent discharge to the downstream watershed. As novel risk management options, the efficiency of UV-LED disinfection and wetland treatment as well as biochar filtration was tested on-site for the contamination sources. According to the dilution pattern of the MST mark...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 2, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Quantification and Potential Viability of Human Noroviruses in Final Effluent from Wastewater Treatment Works in Pretoria, South Africa
This study assessed human norovirus viability in final effluent from wastewater treatment works (WWTWs) in Pretoria, SA. Between June 2018 and August 2020, 200 samples were collected from two WWTWs, including raw sewage and final effluent. Norovirus concentrations were determined using in-house RNA standards. Viability of noroviruses in final effluent was assessed using viability RT-qPCR (vPCR) with PMAxx ™-Triton X-100. There was no significant difference in GI concentrations between raw sewage (p = 0.5663) and final effluent (p = 0.4035) samples at WWTW1 and WWTW2. WWTW1 had significantly higher GII concentrati...
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - March 31, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Function of autophagy genes in innate immune defense against mucosal pathogens
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2024 Mar 29;79:102456. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102456. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMucosal immunity is posed to constantly interact with commensal microbes and invading pathogens. As a fundamental cell biological pathway affecting immune response, autophagy regulates the interaction between mucosal immunity and microbes through multiple mechanisms, including direct elimination of microbes, control of inflammation, antigen presentation and lymphocyte homeostasis, and secretion of immune mediators. Some of these physiologically important functions do not involve canonical degradative autophagy but rely...
Source: Current Opinion in Microbiology - March 30, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Xiaoyan Cui Ya-Ting Wang Source Type: research
Function of autophagy genes in innate immune defense against mucosal pathogens
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2024 Mar 29;79:102456. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102456. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMucosal immunity is posed to constantly interact with commensal microbes and invading pathogens. As a fundamental cell biological pathway affecting immune response, autophagy regulates the interaction between mucosal immunity and microbes through multiple mechanisms, including direct elimination of microbes, control of inflammation, antigen presentation and lymphocyte homeostasis, and secretion of immune mediators. Some of these physiologically important functions do not involve canonical degradative autophagy but rely...
Source: Herpes - March 30, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Xiaoyan Cui Ya-Ting Wang Source Type: research
Function of autophagy genes in innate immune defense against mucosal pathogens
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2024 Mar 29;79:102456. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102456. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMucosal immunity is posed to constantly interact with commensal microbes and invading pathogens. As a fundamental cell biological pathway affecting immune response, autophagy regulates the interaction between mucosal immunity and microbes through multiple mechanisms, including direct elimination of microbes, control of inflammation, antigen presentation and lymphocyte homeostasis, and secretion of immune mediators. Some of these physiologically important functions do not involve canonical degradative autophagy but rely...
Source: Current Opinion in Microbiology - March 30, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Xiaoyan Cui Ya-Ting Wang Source Type: research
Evaluation of crAssphages as a potential marker of human viral contamination in environmental water and fresh leafy greens
CrAssphages are human gut bacteriophages with potential use as an indicator of human fecal contamination in water and other environmental systems. We determined the prevalence and abundance of crAssphages in water, food, and fecal samples and compared these estimates with the prevalence of norovirus. Samples were tested using two crAssphage-specific qPCR assays (CPQ056 and TN201-203) and for norovirus using TaqMan realtime RT-PCR. CrAssphage was detected in 40% of human fecal specimens, 61% of irrigation water samples, 58.5% of stream water samples, and 68.5% of fresh leafy greens samples. Interestingly, across all sample ...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - March 28, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
The Effect of Enzymatic and Viability Dye Treatment in Combination with Long-Range PCR on Assessing Tulane Virus Infectivity
J Virol Methods. 2024 Mar 24:114919. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114919. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHuman norovirus (HuNoV) is regularly involved in food-borne infections. To detect infectious HuNoV in food, RT-qPCR remains state of the art but also amplifies non-infectious virus. The present study combines pre-treatments, RNase and propidium monoazide, with three molecular analyses, including long-range PCR, to predominantly detect infectious Tulane virus (TuV), a culturable HuNoV surrogate. TuV was exposed to inactivating conditions to assess which molecular method most closely approximates the reduction in infectiou...
Source: Journal of Virological Methods - March 26, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Sarah M Stoppel Bj ørn Tore Lunestad Mette Myrmel Source Type: research
The Effect of Enzymatic and Viability Dye Treatment in Combination with Long-Range PCR on Assessing Tulane Virus Infectivity
J Virol Methods. 2024 Mar 24:114919. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114919. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHuman norovirus (HuNoV) is regularly involved in food-borne infections. To detect infectious HuNoV in food, RT-qPCR remains state of the art but also amplifies non-infectious virus. The present study combines pre-treatments, RNase and propidium monoazide, with three molecular analyses, including long-range PCR, to predominantly detect infectious Tulane virus (TuV), a culturable HuNoV surrogate. TuV was exposed to inactivating conditions to assess which molecular method most closely approximates the reduction in infectiou...
Source: Journal of Virological Methods - March 26, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Sarah M Stoppel Bj ørn Tore Lunestad Mette Myrmel Source Type: research
