National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Research This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Academic Training in Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery – when and how to enter the pathway
Entering into surgical academia can seem a daunting prospect for an oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) trainee. However, the streamlining of academic training by the NIHR to create the integrated academic training (IAT) pathway has simplified academic training and more clearly defined academic positions and entry points for trainees. In this article we review the current NIHR IAT pathway and the various grades and entry points available to OMF surgeons, both pre- and post-doctoral. We highlight the unique challenges facing OMF trainees and provide advice and insight from both junior and senior OMFS academics. (Source: T...
Source: The British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery - January 25, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Karl F.B. Payne, James Higginson, Shadi Basyuni, Alexander M.C. Goodson, Ambika Chadha, Ross Elledge, John Breeze, Michaela Goodson, Mandeep S. Bajwa, Clare Schilling, Richard J. Shaw, Kathleen Fan, Jagtar Dhanda, Andrew Schache Tags: Review Source Type: research

Academic Training in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery – when and how to enter the pathway
Entering into surgical academia can seem a daunting prospect for an oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) trainee. However, the streamlining of academic training by the NIHR to create the integrated academic training (IAT) pathway has simplified academic training and more clearly defined academic positions and entry points for trainees. In this article we review the current NIHR IAT pathway and the various grades and entry points available to OMF surgeons, both pre- and post-doctoral. We highlight the unique challenges facing OMF trainees and provide advice and insight from both junior and senior OMFS academics. (Source: T...
Source: The British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery - January 25, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Karl F.B. Payne, James Higginson, Shadi Basyuni, Alexander M.C. Goodson, Ambika Chadha, Ross Elledge, John Breeze, Michaela Goodson, Mandeep S. Bajwa, Clare Schilling, Richard J. Shaw, Kathleen Fan, Jagtar Dhanda, Andrew Schache Tags: Review Source Type: research

Whether and How Disutilities of Adverse Events were Used in the Economic Evaluation of Drug Therapy for Cancer Treatment
ConclusionsThe current use of disutilities of AEs in CUAs shows some discrepancies with recommendations proposed in the literature. One is that detailed information about the use of disutilities of AEs was not reported and the other is that essential methods to analyze the impact of AEs on quality-adjusted life-years were not thoroughly conducted. Therefore, it is suggested that researchers should attach importance to the impact of AEs on health-related quality of life. Furthermore, an application process was developed for the disutilities of AEs to remind and guide researchers to correctly use the disutilities of AEs as p...
Source: PharmacoEconomics - January 19, 2023 Category: Health Management Source Type: research

Invasive coronary physiology in patients with angina and non-obstructive coronary artery disease: a consensus document from the coronary microvascular dysfunction workstream of the British Heart Foundation/National Institute for Health Research Partnership
Nearly half of all patients with angina have non-obstructive coronary artery disease (ANOCA); this is an umbrella term comprising heterogeneous vascular disorders, each with disparate pathophysiology and prognosis. Approximately two-thirds of patients with ANOCA have coronary microvascular disease (CMD). CMD can be secondary to architectural changes within the microcirculation or secondary to vasomotor dysfunction. An inability of the coronary vasculature to augment blood flow in response to heightened myocardial demand is defined as an impaired coronary flow reserve (CFR), which can be measured non-invasively, using imagi...
Source: Heart - December 22, 2022 Category: Cardiology Authors: Perera, D., Berry, C., Hoole, S. P., Sinha, A., Rahman, H., Morris, P. D., Kharbanda, R. K., Petraco, R., Channon, K., UK Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction Working Group, Perera, Berry, Hoole, Sinha, Rahman, Morris, Kharbanda, Petraco, Channon, Chiribiri Tags: Open access, Review articles Reviews Source Type: research

Surgical-PEARL protocol: a multicentre prospective cohort study exploring aetiology, management and outcomes for patients with congenital anomalies potentially requiring surgical intervention
Introduction Congenital anomalies affect over 2% of pregnancies. Surgical advances have reduced mortality and improved survival for patients with congenital anomalies potentially requiring surgical (CAPRS) intervention. However, our understanding of aetiology, diagnostic methods, optimal management, outcomes and prognostication is limited. Existing birth cohorts have low numbers of individual heterogenous CAPRS. The Surgical Paediatric congEnital Anomalies Registry with Long term follow-up (Surgical-PEARL) study aims to establish a multicentre prospective fetal, child and biological parent cohort of CAPRS. Methods and ana...
Source: BMJ Open - December 9, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Mires, S., de Jesus, S. E., Bamber, A. R., Mumford, A., Power, B., Bradshaw, C., Lawlor, D., Gill, H., Luyt, K., Baquedano, M., Overton, T., Caputo, M., Skerritt, C. Tags: Open access Obstetrics and gynaecology Source Type: research

Protocol for an observational cohort study investigating biomarkers predicting seizure recurrence following a first unprovoked seizure in adults
This study will be the first to explore the combined utility of serum biomarkers, quantitative electroencephalogram (EEG) and quantitative MRI to predict seizure recurrence. This will inform patient stratification for counselling and the inclusion of high-risk patients in clinical trials of disease-modifying agents in early epilepsy. Methods and analysis 100 patients with first unprovoked seizure will be recruited from a tertiary neuroscience centre and baseline assessments will include structural MRI, EEG and a blood sample. As part of a nested pilot study, a subset of 40 patients will have advanced MRI sequences perform...
Source: BMJ Open - December 5, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Adan, G. H., de Bezenac, C., Bonnett, L., Pridgeon, M., Biswas, S., Das, K., Richardson, M. P., Laiou, P., Keller, S. S., Marson, T. Tags: Open access, Neurology Source Type: research

Research priorities for future pulmonary hypertension research: a James Lind Alliance priority setting partnership
Conclusions: We identified the top 10 researchable questions for future PH research, which may inform PH researchers and funding agencies where to focus resources. (Source: European Respiratory Journal)
Source: European Respiratory Journal - December 1, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Weatherald, J., Iqbal, H., Mielniczuk, L., Syed, A. R., Howard, J., Dempsey, N., Rader, T., Swiston, J., Provencher, S. Tags: 13.01 - Pulmonary hypertension Source Type: research

Deep learning of regulatory regions discovers enhancer variants implicated in PAH
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and fatal lung disease. To date, in only a third of patients, the cause can be attributed to rare genetic variation in the protein-coding space. The sequencing of 15,000 whole genomes by the NIHR BioResource – Rare Diseases (NBR), including ~1,200 PAH samples, provides an unprecedented opportunity to estimate the contribution of regulatory genome variation to the development of PAH.This work aims to determine whether sequence-based predictions of epigenetic features can be used to narrow down the possible regions of interest and allow aggregation of variants into functi...
Source: European Respiratory Journal - December 1, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Tilly, T., Auckland, K., Nibhani, R., Martin, J., Nihr Bioresource - Rare Diseases, N., National Cohort Study Of Idiopathic And Heritable Pah, N., Morrell, N. W., Lio', P., Gräf, S. Tags: 13.01 - Pulmonary hypertension Source Type: research

Observation of traumatic haemo-pneumothorax
Conclusions: There is observational data that asymptomatic traumatic pneumothoraces can be observed. There is no completed randomised trial in haemothorax but emerging observational data such as ours that they can also be osberved. Our data is limited as it is retrospective and significant trauma and large haemothoraces are diverted to the regional trauma centre. A RCT is planned.2Reference1. https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/24/58062. https://fundingawards.nihr.ac.uk/award/NIHR132889 (Source: European Respiratory Journal)
Source: European Respiratory Journal - December 1, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Aujayeb, A. Tags: 01.01 - Clinical problems - no related to asthma or COPD Source Type: research

PCR226 Patient and Public Involvement in Research: Reflections on Open Health Collaborations
Patient and public involvement (PPI) is promoted globally due to its impact on research relevance, quality and integrity. Initiatives developed by ISPOR and the UK ’s National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) provide guidance on how to conduct meaningful PPI. OPEN Health (OH) specialises in health economic and outcomes research (HEOR), working closely with pharmaceutical partners to incorporate PPI into their research. Using case studies, we ref lect on our collaborations to identify lessons learned, in order to support future PPI endeavours. (Source: Value in Health)
Source: Value in Health - December 1, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: KM Bailey, S Selveindran, S Riaz Source Type: research

Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in Northern Sri Lanka: a study protocol for a cross-sectional household survey
This study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Faculty of Medicine at University of Jaffna. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Findings will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentations at conferences. The findings will enable early treatment for new AF diagnoses and inform interventions to improve community-based management of AF in LMICs. (Source: BMJ Open)
Source: BMJ Open - November 23, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Kanesamoorthy, S., Sheron, V. A., Uruthirakumar, P., Kodippily, C., Kumarendran, B., Gooden, T. E., Thomas, G. N., Nirantharakumar, K., Lip, G. Y. H., Guruparan, M., Haniffa, R., Surenthirakumaran, R., Beane, A., Subaschandran, K., on behalf of the NIHR G Tags: Open access, Diagnostics Source Type: research

A longitudinal observational study of home-based conversations for detecting early dementia: protocol for the CUBOId TV task
Introduction Limitations in effective dementia therapies mean that early diagnosis and monitoring are critical for disease management, but current clinical tools are impractical and/or unreliable, and disregard short-term symptom variability. Behavioural biomarkers of cognitive decline, such as speech, sleep and activity patterns, can manifest prodromal pathological changes. They can be continuously measured at home with smart sensing technologies, and permit leveraging of interpersonal interactions for optimising diagnostic and prognostic performance. Here we describe the ContinUous behavioural Biomarkers Of cognitive Imp...
Source: BMJ Open - November 23, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Kumpik, D. P., Santos-Rodriguez, R., Selwood, J., Coulthard, E., Twomey, N., Craddock, I., Ben-Shlomo, Y. Tags: Open access, Neurology Source Type: research

Economic evaluations of fall prevention exercise programs: a systematic review
Conclusions Most economic evaluations investigated fall prevention exercise programmes for older adults living in the community. There is moderate certainty evidence that fall prevention exercise programmes are likely to be cost-effective. The evidence for older adults living in care facilities is more limited but promising. PROSPERO registration number PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020178023. (Source: British Journal of Sports Medicine)
Source: British Journal of Sports Medicine - November 17, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Pinheiro, M. B., Sherrington, C., Howard, K., Caldwell, P., Tiedemann, A., Wang, B., S Oliveira, J., Santos, A., Bull, F. C., Willumsen, J. F., Michaleff, Z. A., Ferguson, S., Mayo, E., Fairhall, N. J., Bauman, A. E., Norris, S. Tags: Open access, BJSM Reviews with MCQs, BJSM Source Type: research

A Multi-centre, Single Arm, Non-randomized, Prospective European Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of the HistoSonics System in the Treatment of Primary and Metastatic Liver Cancers (#HOPE4LIVER)
AbstractPurposeImage-guided thermal ablation are established treatment options for non-surgical patients with primary and metastatic liver cancers. However, there are limitations with nonuniformity of cancer tissue destruction, heat sink effect and the risk of thermal ablative injury. The current non-thermal ablative techniques have high risk of local recurrence and are not widely adopted. Histotripsy is a treatment technology that destroys targeted tissue under ultrasound visualization via mechanical destruction through the precise application of acoustic cavitation and can offer the potential of non-invasive, non-thermal...
Source: CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology - November 15, 2022 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Rituximab versus intravenous cyclophosphamide in patients with connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease in the UK (RECITAL): a double-blind, double-dummy, randomised, controlled, phase 2b trial
This study aimed to assess whether rituximab is superior to cyclophosphamide as a treatment for severe or progressive CTD associated ILD.METHODS: We conducted a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, phase 2b trial to assess the superiority of rituximab compared with cyclophosphamide. Patients aged 18-80 years with severe or progressive ILD related to scleroderma, idiopathic inflammatory myositis, or mixed CTD, recruited across 11 specialist ILD or rheumatology centres in the UK, were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive rituximab (1000 mg at weeks 0 and 2 intravenously) or cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m2 body surface area ever...
Source: Respiratory Care - November 14, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Toby M Maher Veronica A Tudor Peter Saunders Michael A Gibbons Sophie V Fletcher Christopher P Denton Rachel K Hoyles Helen Parfrey Elisabetta A Renzoni Maria Kokosi Athol U Wells Deborah Ashby Matyas Szigeti Philip L Molyneaux RECITAL Investigators Source Type: research