What Are Some Risks For Offspring of Assisted Reproductive Technologies?
Discussion “ART [assisted reproductive technologies] includes all fertility treatments in which either eggs or embryos are handled. The main type of ART is in vitro fertilization (IVF). IVF involves extracting a woman’s eggs, fertilizing the eggs in the laboratory, and then transferring the resulting embryos into the woman’s uterus through the cervix.” In Europe 2-6% of all births are due to some type of ART and ART occurs in 2% of US births. In 2021 in the US, there were 91,906 live births and 97,128 live born infants due to ART. ART is an enabling medical treatment for subfertile or infertile pati...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - December 4, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

A Quick Break
PediatricEducation.org is taking short Thanksgiving break. The next case will be published on 12/4/23. In the meantime, please take a look at the different Archives and Curriculum Maps listed at the top of the page. We appreciate your patronage, Donna D’Alessandro and Michael D’Alessandro, curators. (Source: PediatricEducation.org)
Source: PediatricEducation.org - November 27, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

A Quick Break
PediatricEducation.org is taking short Thanksgiving break The next case will be published on 12/4/23. In the meantime, please take a look at the different Archives and Curriculum Maps listed at the top of the page. We appreciate your patronage, Donna D’Alessandro and Michael D’Alessandro, curators. (Source: PediatricEducation.org)
Source: PediatricEducation.org - November 27, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

How Late Can You Give Routine Newborn Care?
Discussion Routine newborn screening and treatment is focused on assisting the infant’s transition to extrauterine life, screening for health problems that may or may not be easily identifiable, and preventing acute or chronic health problems. Healthy infants begin with healthy pregnancies including risk factor assessment and screening of mothers. Such routine maternal screening and treatment does or may include glucose tolerance tests, ultrasound examinations, screenings for maternal blood type (with appropriate administration of Rho(D) immunoglobulin if appropriate), Hepatitis B, Neisseria gonorrhea, Chlamydia, Cyt...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - November 20, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

How Late Can You Give Routine Newborn Care?
Discussion Routine newborn screening and treatment is focused on assisting the infant’s transition to extrauterine life, screening for health problems that may or may not be easily identifiable, and preventing acute or chronic health problems. Healthy infants begin with healthy pregnancies including risk factor assessment and screening of mothers. Such routine maternal screening and treatment does or may include glucose tolerance tests, ultrasound examinations, screenings for maternal blood type (with appropriate administration of Rho(D) immunoglobulin if appropriate), Hepatitis B, Neisseria gonorrhea, Chlamydia, Cyt...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - November 20, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Child Safety Seats for At-Risk Children
Discussion Safety is important for all infants and children. It is estimated that car restraints decrease injuries in those < 1 year by ~ 70%. About 10% of infants in the US are born prematurely and most are late preterm infants (34 week to 36 6/7 week gestational age). These infants do not have term infant physiology and are at risk for immature patterns in feeding, glycemic control, breathing, temperature, and overall development. They are at risk for cardiopulmonary events which commonly are apnea and/or bradycardia. Babies who are at risk for cardiopulmonary events are recommended to have a car seat tolerance scre...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - November 13, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

What Are the Common Types of Craniosynostosis?
Discussion Usually when an infant is born the fontanelles and sutures remain open allowing the cranial bones the ability to move and undergo molding. This assists in delivery and molding from delivery usually resolves within hours to a few days. Positional plagiocephaly (also called deformational plagiocephaly) usually occurs after birth (usually in the first few weeks) due to mechanical factors including positioning of the infant’s head such that little repositioning occurs (i.e. bottle feeding only on same side, placement in crib on same side, placement always on infant’s back with no prone placement, etc.)...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - November 6, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

What is PM2.5 and the AQI?
Discussion Air quality standards are made, measured and monitored by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through the Clean Air Act. All potential pollutants are not necessarily monitored. Some of the most commonly monitored and studied are fine particulate matter, ground-level ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. Common fine particulate matter < 2.5 µm (PM2.5) sources include the natural sources of biomass burning, coal burning, road and soil dust, sea spray aerosols, wildfire particles, and volcanic dust. Human sources of PM2.5 include residential cooking and heating, farming, ...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - October 30, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

What Are Potential Complications of a Forceps Delivery?
Discussion The main outcome of any delivery is to have a healthy mother and healthy child. For millinea, mothers delivered babies with the help of their mothers and learned women without the benefits of potential instrumented interventions when complications arose, and today they are options for some deliveries. Instrumented delivery techniques have markedly decreased maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Instrument delivery techniques in the second stage of labor includes forceps (begun in the 1600s), vacuum delivery (mainly use began in 1950s) and second stage cesarean section (cesarean section being first used ...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - October 23, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

What Causes Dysphagia?
Discussion Swallowing is a complex process with 4 phases: Preparatory – food is moistened with saliva, chewed and prepared into a bolus by teeth, tongue and hard palate. Oral – food bolus is moved into oropharynx by tongue and triggers the swallow reflex. Soft palate elevates to prevent nasopharyngeal reflux. Pharyngeal – food bolus is moved through the oropharynx and hypopharynx to the esophagus. Respiration stops briefly with vocal fold adduction and larynx elevation to prevent aspiration. Esophageal – the cricopharyngeaul muscle relaxes which allows the food bolus into the esophagus where it is ...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - October 16, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news