Pharmacological therapies for maintenance treatments of opium dependence
Source: Cochrane
Area: Evidence > Disease Focused Reviews
Background
Pharmacologic therapies for maintenance treatment of heroin dependence have been used and studied widely. Systematic reviews have demonstrated the effectiveness of such therapies. Opium dependence is associated with less problems and impairments and is less likely to be used by injecting, with consequent reductions in risk of overdose and blood-borne diseases. Although it is a common substance use disorder in many countries, a systematic review of the literature is lacking on the maintenance treatment for opium dependence.
Objective...
Source: NeLM - Disease Focused Reviews - February 18, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: news
Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for fibromyalgia syndrome
Source: Cochrane
Area: Evidence > Disease Focused Reviews
Background
Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a clinically well-defined chronic condition of unknown etiology characterized by chronic widespread pain that often co-exists with sleep disturbances, cognitive dysfunction and fatigue. Patients often report high disability levels and poor quality of life (QOL). Drug therapy focuses on reducing key symptoms and improving quality of life.
Objectives
To assess the benefits and harms of serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) compared with placebo for treating FMS symptoms in adults.
...
Source: NeLM - Disease Focused Reviews - February 18, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: news
Topical Treatment for facial burns
Source: Cochrane
Area: Evidence > Disease Focused Reviews
Background
Burn injuries are an important health problem. They occur frequently in the head and neck region - the area central to a person's identity, that provides our most expressive means of communication. Topical interventions are currently the cornerstone of treatment of partial-thickness burns to the face.
Objectives
To assess the effects of topical interventions on wound healing in people with facial burns of any depth.
Search methods
We searched the Cochrane Wounds Group Specialised Register (searched 12 November 20...
Source: NeLM - Disease Focused Reviews - February 18, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: news
Treating BCG-induced disease in children
Source: Cochrane
Area: Evidence > Disease Focused Reviews
Background
Bacillus Calmette-Guerín (BCG) is a live attenuated vaccine to prevent tuberculosis, routinely administered at birth as part of the World Health Organization global expanded immunisation programme. Given intradermally, it can cause adverse reactions, including local, regional, distant and disseminated manifestations that may cause parental distress. Rarely, it can cause serious illness and even death. Among those patients with immunocompromised conditions, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the complication rate is even hi...
Source: NeLM - Disease Focused Reviews - February 18, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: news
Interventions for treating persistent and intractable hiccups in adults
The objective of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions used in the treatment of persistent and intractable hiccups of any aetiology in adults.
Search methods Studies were identified from the following databases: CENTRAL, CDSR, DARE, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychINFO and SIGLE (last search March 2012). The search strategy for all the databases searched was based on the MEDLINE search strategy presented in Appendix 1. ... (Source: NeLM - Disease Focused Reviews)
Source: NeLM - Disease Focused Reviews - February 15, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: news
Interventions for nail psoriasis
Source: Cochrane
Area: Evidence > Disease Focused Reviews
Background Psoriasis is a common skin disease that can also involve the nails. All parts of the nail and surrounding structures can become affected. The incidence of nail involvement increases with duration of psoriasis. Although it is difficult to treat psoriatic nails, the condition may respond to therapy.
Objectives To assess evidence for the efficacy and safety of the treatments for nail psoriasis.
Search methods We searched the following databases up to March 2012: the Cochrane Skin Group Specialised Register, CENTRAL in The...
Source: NeLM - Disease Focused Reviews - February 14, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: news
DTB: Tinnitus
Source: DTB
Area: Evidence > Disease Focused Reviews
This review in the Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin (DTB) on tinnitus discusses assessment and referral, and symptomatic drug and non-drug treatments for subjective in adults.
Non-drug treatment covered include: acupuncture, auditory perceptual training, cognitive behavioural therapy, hearing aids, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, hypnotherapy, information/education, low-power laser therapy, relaxation therapy, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, sound enrichment or masking therapy, tinnitus retraining therapy, ultrasound.
Drug treatments di...
Source: NeLM - Disease Focused Reviews - February 14, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: news
DTB: Management of infantile colic
Source: Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin (DTB)
Area: Evidence > Disease Focused Reviews
This review in the Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin (DTB) discusses dietary, pharmacological, complementary and behavioural therapies as options for the management of infantile colic and whether these options are supported by the literature. (Source: NeLM - Disease Focused Reviews)
Source: NeLM - Disease Focused Reviews - January 9, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: news
Antibiotics for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Source: Cochrane
Area: Evidence > Disease Focused Reviews
Background
Many patients with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are treated with antibiotics. However, the value of antibiotics remains uncertain as systematic reviews and clinical trials have shown conflicting results.
Objectives
To assess the effects of antibiotics in the management of acute COPD exacerbations on treatment failure as observed between seven days and one month after treatment initiation (primary outcome) and on other patient-important outcomes (...
Source: NeLM - Disease Focused Reviews - January 3, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: news
Antibiotics for persistent cough or wheeze following acute bronchiolitis in children
Source: Cochrane
Area: Evidence > Disease Focused Reviews
Background
Bronchiolitis is a common acute respiratory infectious condition, with a high prevalence worldwide. It is a clinically diagnosed syndrome, manifested by tachypnoea (rapid breathing), with crackles or wheeze in young children. In the acute phase of bronchiolitis (< 14 days), antibiotics have only been recommended when a secondary bacterial infection is suspected. Although bronchiolitis is usually a self-limiting condition, a number of children have persistent respiratory symptoms such as cough and wheezing in post-acute bronchiol...
Source: NeLM - Disease Focused Reviews - January 3, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: news
Treatment for paraneoplastic neuropathies
Source: Cochrane
Area: Evidence > Disease Focused Reviews
Background
It is not unusual to observe peripheral nervous system involvement in people with tumours outside the nervous system. Any part of the peripheral nervous system can be involved, from sensory and motor neurons to nerve roots and plexuses, from distal trunks to neuromuscular junctions. Pathogenesis also varies from direct infiltration by cancer cells, to treatment toxicity, to metabolic derangement, cachexia, infections and paraneoplastic syndromes.
Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes are symptoms or signs resulti...
Source: NeLM - Disease Focused Reviews - January 3, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: news
Antibiotic treatment for nontuberculous mycobacteria lung infection in people with cystic fibrosis
The objective of our review was to compare antibiotic treatment to no antibiotic treatment, or to ... (Source: NeLM - Disease Focused Reviews)
Source: NeLM - Disease Focused Reviews - January 2, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: news
