Parkin mediates mitophagy during beige-to-white fat conversion
In this issue of Science Signaling, Lu et al. reveal a role for Parkin-mediated mitophagy in beige-to-white adipocyte transition. In the absence of Parkin, mitochondria in thermogenic beige adipocytes are preserved even after the elimination of cold mimetic stimuli—in contrast to their typical elimination during the white transition. (Source: Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment)
Source: Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment - April 24, 2018 Category: Science Authors: Sarraf, S. A., Youle, R. J. Tags: STKE Focus Source Type: news
Mitophagy controls beige adipocyte maintenance through a Parkin-dependent and UCP1-independent mechanism
Beige adipocytes are an inducible form of mitochondria-enriched thermogenic adipocytes that emerge in response to external stimuli, such as chronic cold exposure. We have previously shown that after the withdrawal of external stimuli, beige adipocytes directly acquire a white fat–like phenotype through autophagy-mediated mitochondrial degradation. We investigated the upstream pathway that mediates mitochondrial clearance and report that Parkin-mediated mitophagy plays a key role in the beige-to-white adipocyte transition. Mice genetically deficient in Park2 showed reduced mitochondrial degradation and retained thermo...
Source: Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment - April 24, 2018 Category: Science Authors: Lu, X., Altshuler-Keylin, S., Wang, Q., Chen, Y., Henrique Sponton, C., Ikeda, K., Maretich, P., Yoneshiro, T., Kajimura, S. Tags: STKE Research Articles Source Type: news
MitoQ Novel Antioxidant Makes Old Arteries Seem Young Again
Seniors who took a novel antioxidant that specifically targets cellular powerhouses, or mitochondria, saw age-related vascular changes reverse by equivalent of 15 to 20 years within 6 weeks (Source: Disabled World)
Source: Disabled World - April 22, 2018 Category: Disability Tags: Antioxidants Source Type: news
Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria Altered in Type 1 Diabetes Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria Altered in Type 1 Diabetes
Reuters Health Information (Source: Medscape Medical News Headlines)
Source: Medscape Medical News Headlines - April 20, 2018 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Medscape Today News Source Type: news
Novel antioxidant makes old blood vessels seem young again
Older adults who take a novel antioxidant that specifically targets cellular powerhouses, or mitochondria, see age-related vascular changes reverse by the equivalent of 15 to 20 years within six weeks, according to new University of Colorado Boulder research. The study, published this week in the American Heart Association journal Hypertension, adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting pharmaceutical-grade nutritional supplements, or nutraceuticals, could play an important role in preventing heart disease-the nation's No. 1 killer. (Source: World Pharma News)
Source: World Pharma News - April 20, 2018 Category: Pharmaceuticals Tags: Featured Research Research and Development Source Type: news
Novel antioxidant makes old blood vessels seem young again
(University of Colorado at Boulder) Older adults who take an antioxidant that specifically targets mitochondria see age-related changes in blood vessels reverse by the equivalent of 15 to 20 years within six weeks, a new study shows. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - April 19, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: news
Active young adults with Type 1 diabetes have muscle complications: Study
(York University) A new study from McMaster and York universities has found that poor muscle health may be a complication of Type 1 diabetes, even among active twenty-somethings. The researchers found structural and functional changes in the power generation parts of the cell, or mitochondria, of those with diabetes. Not only were the mitochondria less capable of producing energy for the muscle, they were also releasing high amounts of toxic reactive oxygen species, related to cell damage. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - April 18, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: news
The mitoCPR unclogs mitochondria
(Source: ScienceNOW)
Source: ScienceNOW - April 12, 2018 Category: Science Authors: Hurtley, S. M. Tags: Cell Biology, Molecular Biology twis Source Type: news
MitoCPR--A surveillance pathway that protects mitochondria in response to protein import stress
Mitochondrial functions are essential for cell viability and rely on protein import into the organelle. Various disease and stress conditions can lead to mitochondrial import defects. We found that inhibition of mitochondrial import in budding yeast activated a surveillance mechanism, mitoCPR, that improved mitochondrial import and protected mitochondria during import stress. mitoCPR induced expression of Cis1, which associated with the mitochondrial translocase to reduce the accumulation of mitochondrial precursor proteins at the mitochondrial translocase. Clearance of precursor proteins depended on the Cis1-interacting A...
Source: ScienceNOW - April 12, 2018 Category: Science Authors: Weidberg, H., Amon, A. Tags: Cell Biology, Molecular Biology, Online Only r-articles Source Type: news
UCLA scientists discover that cells contain mitochondria specialized to build fats
Mitochondria, known to most people as the “powerhouses of the cell,” have been recognized for decades as the cellular organelle where sugars and fats are oxidized to generate energy. Now, new research by UCLA scientists has found that not all mitochondria fit this definition. Within each cell a group of specialized mitochondria can be f ound attached to fat droplets. Rather than burn fat to create energy, these specialized mitochondria are responsible for providing the energy to build and store fat molecules.“This is really a whole new view of mitochondria and what they can do,” said lead author Dr. Orian Shirihai,...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - April 6, 2018 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news
Study reveals a way to make prostate cancer cells run out of energy and die
(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) Scientists at CSHL have discovered that cells lacking the tumor-suppressor protein PTEN -- a feature of many cancers, especially prostate cancer -- are particularly vulnerable to drugs that impair their energy-producing mitochondria. Such drugs induce them to literally eat themselves to death, the research shows. Timing of the administration of such agents is critical, however. (Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer)
Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer - April 3, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: news
Researchers find ways to impede progress of neurodegenerative diseases
(Kazan Federal University) As the paper posits, there is currently no doubt that hyperpolarization of mitochondria and concomitant oxidative stress are associated with the development of serious pathologies, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, autoimmune syndromes, some cancers, and other conditions. Hyperpolarized mitochondria have an elevated transmembrane potential because of the excess of H+ ions in the intermembrane space in comparison with the matrix (pH 8). (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - March 30, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: news
Mitochondrial replacement moratorium should be reconsidered, researchers say
(Brown University) Professors from Brown's medical school and Harvard's law school urge the US to allow for the replacement of mutation-bearing mitochondria to prevent fatal illnesses in children. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - March 28, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: news
New connections: Healed by ROS
ROS generated by Nox2 or mitochondria play critical roles in mammalian tissue repair pathways. (Source: Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment)
Source: Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment - March 27, 2018 Category: Science Authors: Wong, W. Tags: STKE Editors ' Choice Source Type: news
How a genetic mutation can interfere with the powerhouses of cells
(University of Freiburg) A Freiburg molecular medicine specialist's team discovers a new disease mechanism in the mitochondria. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - March 23, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: news
