Mitochondria teach ribosome assembly
(Source: ScienceNOW)
Source: ScienceNOW - September 11, 2019 Category: Science Authors: Karbstein, K. Tags: perspective Source Type: news
Mitoribosomal small subunit biogenesis in trypanosomes involves an extensive assembly machinery
Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) are large ribonucleoprotein complexes that synthesize proteins encoded by the mitochondrial genome. An extensive cellular machinery responsible for ribosome assembly has been described only for eukaryotic cytosolic ribosomes. Here we report that the assembly of the small mitoribosomal subunit in Trypanosoma brucei involves a large number of factors and proceeds through the formation of assembly intermediates, which we analyzed by using cryo–electron microscopy. One of them is a 4-megadalton complex, referred to as the small subunit assemblosome, in which we identified 34 factor...
Source: ScienceNOW - September 11, 2019 Category: Science Authors: Saurer, M., Ramrath, D. J. F., Niemann, M., Calderaro, S., Prange, C., Mattei, S., Scaiola, A., Leitner, A., Bieri, P., Horn, E. K., Leibundgut, M., Boehringer, D., Schneider, A., Ban, N. Tags: Biochemistry, Molecular Biology r-articles Source Type: news
SMAC mimetics promote NIK-dependent inhibition of CD4+ TH17 cell differentiation
Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (SMAC) mimetics (SMs) are selective antagonists of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), which activate noncanonical NF-B signaling and promote tumor cell death. Through gene expression analysis, we found that treatment of CD4+ T cells with SMs during T helper 17 (TH17) cell differentiation disrupted the balance between two antagonistic transcription factor modules. Moreover, proteomics analysis revealed that SMs altered the abundance of proteins associated with cell cycle, mitochondrial activity, and the balance between canonical and noncanonical NF-B signaling. Where...
Source: Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment - August 26, 2019 Category: Science Authors: Rizk, J., Kaplinsky, J., Agerholm, R., Kadekar, D., Ivars, F., Agace, W. W., Wong, W. W.-L., Szucs, M. J., Myers, S. A., Carr, S. A., Waisman, A., Bekiaris, V. Tags: STKE Research Articles Source Type: news
Mitochondria drive inflammation in diabetes
Chronic inflammation in type 2 diabetes is driven by mitochondrial cells in response to fat exposure, according to research published inCell Metabolism.Science Daily (Source: Society for Endocrinology)
Source: Society for Endocrinology - August 22, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: news
Mitochondria--Striking a balance between host and endosymbiont
Mitochondria are organelles with their own genome that arose from α-proteobacteria living within single-celled Archaea more than a billion years ago. This step of endosymbiosis offered tremendous opportunities for energy production and metabolism and allowed the evolution of fungi, plants, and animals. However, less appreciated are the downsides of this endosymbiosis. Coordinating gene expression between the mitochondrial genomes and the nuclear genome is imprecise and can lead to proteotoxic stress. The clonal reproduction of mitochondrial DNA requires workarounds to avoid mutational meltdown. In metazoans that deve...
Source: ScienceNOW - August 14, 2019 Category: Science Authors: Youle, R. J. Tags: Cell Biology, Online Only review Source Type: news
How a gut infection might spark Parkinson's
Scientists are still unpicking the processes involved in Parkinson's. A new study ties together bacterial infection, mitochondria, and the immune system. (Source: Parkinson's Disease News From Medical News Today)
Source: Parkinson's Disease News From Medical News Today - July 19, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Parkinson's Disease Source Type: news
Medical News Today: How a gut infection might spark Parkinson's
Scientists are still unpicking the processes involved in Parkinson's. A new study ties together bacterial infection, mitochondria, and the immune system. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - July 19, 2019 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Parkinson's Disease Source Type: news
MDX Viewer Detects Early Warning Signs in Brain Oxygenation During Cardiovascular Surgeries
Patients who undergo open heart surgeries sometimes suffer from post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), which could be caused by lack of oxygen to the brain while under anesthesia. Of the roughly 500,000 patients receiving coronary artery bypass grafting procedures each year, 14–48 percent can be affected with this condition, according to David Platt, PhD, CEO of MDX Life Sciences.
If the anesthesiologist notices when a patient’s brain is becoming hypoxic during surgery, steps can be taken to restore oxygen flow. However, detecting that the brain is not receiving enough oxygen is no...
Source: MDDI - July 18, 2019 Category: Medical Devices Authors: Susan Shepard Tags: Cardiovascular Source Type: news
Host mitochondria influence gut microbiome diversity: A role for ROS
Changes in the gut microbiota and the mitochondrial genome are both linked with the development of disease. To investigate why, we examined the gut microbiota of mice harboring various mutations in genes that alter mitochondrial function. These studies revealed that mitochondrial genetic variations altered the composition of the gut microbiota community. In cross-fostering studies, we found that although the initial microbiota community of newborn mice was that obtained from the nursing mother, the microbiota community progressed toward that characteristic of the microbiome of unfostered pups of the same genotype within 2 ...
Source: Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment - July 1, 2019 Category: Science Authors: Yardeni, T., Tanes, C. E., Bittinger, K., Mattei, L. M., Schaefer, P. M., Singh, L. N., Wu, G. D., Murdock, D. G., Wallace, D. C. Tags: STKE Research Articles Source Type: news
Cancer cell's 'self eating' tactic may be its weakness
(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) Researchers reveal how pancreatic cancer cells adapt to the low energy environment of a tumor: by eating their own mitochondria! Now, by targeting this process, researchers hope to halt cancer cell proliferation. (Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer)
Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer - July 1, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: news
Study explores role of metabolism in immune cell behavior
New Yale research has uncovered a previously unrecognized process involving the metabolism of mitochondria and immune cell biology. (Source: Yale Science and Health News)
Source: Yale Science and Health News - June 21, 2019 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news
Rotary substates of mitochondrial ATP synthase reveal the basis of flexible F1-Fo coupling
F1Fo–adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthases make the energy of the proton-motive force available for energy-consuming processes in the cell. We determined the single-particle cryo–electron microscopy structure of active dimeric ATP synthase from mitochondria of Polytomella sp. at a resolution of 2.7 to 2.8 angstroms. Separation of 13 well-defined rotary substates by three-dimensional classification provides a detailed picture of the molecular motions that accompany c-ring rotation and result in ATP synthesis. Crucially, the F1 head rotates along with the central stalk and c-ring rotor for the first ~30° of ...
Source: ScienceNOW - June 19, 2019 Category: Science Authors: Murphy, B. J., Klusch, N., Langer, J., Mills, D. J., Yildiz, O., Kühlbrandt, W. Tags: Molecular Biology, Online Only r-articles Source Type: news
An Anti-Aging Pill? Think Twice
The diabetes drug metformin, sometimes taken to slow aging, may blunt the health benefits of exercise. (Source: NYT Health)
Source: NYT Health - June 19, 2019 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Gretchen Reynolds Tags: Exercise Diabetes Mitochondria Muscles Insulin Age, Chronological Source Type: news
SOCE, mitochondria, and inflammation
Store-operated calcium entry regulates mitochondrial function to support pathogenic TH17 cells and promote inflammation. (Source: Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment)
Source: Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment - May 27, 2019 Category: Science Authors: Foley, J. F. Tags: STKE Editors ' Choice Source Type: news
Too close not to encyst: Polycystic kidney disease and interorganellar contact sites
Mitofusin 2 (MFN2) tethers mitochondria to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In the 7 May 2019 issue of Science Signaling, Kuo et al. report that polycystin 2 (PC2), encoded by a gene mutated in type 2 autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), contributes to cystogenesis by affecting MFN2, thus extending the role of mitochondria-ER contact sites to a common genetic disorder. (Source: Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment)
Source: Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment - May 27, 2019 Category: Science Authors: Lorenzi, I., Scorrano, L. Tags: STKE Focus Source Type: news
