Longer-term Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 in the REMAP-CAP Trial
Clinical question: What is the longer-term (180-day) mortality effect of common therapies on critically ill patients with COVID-19? Background: Most randomized clinical trials for patients with COVID-19 focus on short-term outcomes such as 28-day mortality or organ failure. Trials evaluating longer-term outcomes of therapeutic interventions are needed. Study design: Randomized adaptive-platform trial Setting: International multicenter trial (197 sites in 14 countries) Synopsis: 4,869 critically ill patients were enrolled from March 2020 through June 2021. Patients were randomized to one of six treatment arms (immune modula...
Source: The Hospitalist - March 1, 2024 Category: Hospital Management Authors: Ronda Whitaker Tags: COVID-19 In the Literature Source Type: research

Favipiravir for treating COVID-19
CONCLUSIONS: The low- to very low-certainty evidence means that we do not know whether favipiravir is efficacious in people with COVID-19 illness, irrespective of severity or admission status. Treatment with favipiravir may result in an overall increase in the incidence of adverse events but may not result in serious adverse events.PMID:38314855 | PMC:PMC10840071 | DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD015219.pub2 (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - February 5, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: Pritish Korula Hanna Alexander Jisha Sara John Richard Kirubakaran Bhagteshwar Singh Prathap Tharyan Priscilla Rupali Source Type: research

Physicochemical interaction of rifampicin and ritonavir-lopinavir solid dispersion: an in-vitro and ex-vivo investigation
CONCLUSION: RIF, RTV and LOP in presence of each other on pH-shift, results in co-precipitation in the amorphous form (miscible) which leads to reduction in the highest attainable degree of supersaturation. This reduction corresponds to the mole fraction of the RIF, RTV and LOP within the studied system. These findings suggest that the concomitant administration of these drugs may lead to physicochemical interactions and possible ineffective therapy.PMID:38305806 | DOI:10.1080/03639045.2024.2309508 (Source: Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy)
Source: Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy - February 2, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Athira R Nair Sai Krishna Anand Vullendula Dani Lakshman Yarlagadda Brahmam Bheemisetty Swapnil J Dengale Krishnamurthy Bhat Source Type: research

Real-world prescription of anti-COVID-19 drugs in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Japan
Conclusions and relevanceThis study revealed the real-world situation of anti-COVID-19 drug prescriptions in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Japan. A prescribed drug would depend on the latest scientific evidence, such as efficacy, safety, and approval status, at the time of prescription. Understanding the prescription of anti-COVID-19 drugs will be important for providing the most up-to-date treatments to patients and evaluating the benefit and/or risk of anti-COVID-19 drugs based on the utilization of an electronic medical record database. (Source: PLoS One)
Source: PLoS One - January 26, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Haruka Shida Source Type: research

Obesity and its Relationship with Covid-19: A Review of the Main Pharmaceutical Aspects
Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2024 Jan 22. doi: 10.2174/0113892010264503231108070917. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTImportant physiological changes are observed in patients with obesity, such as intestinal permeability, gastric emptying, cardiac output, and hepatic and renal function. These differences can determine variations in the pharmacokinetics of different drugs and can generate different concentrations at the site of action, which can lead to sub therapeutic or toxic concentrations. Understanding the physiological and immunological processes that lead to the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is essential to correlate ob...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology - January 23, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Katharine Hodel Ananda Fonseca Islania Barbosa Caio Medina Brenda Alves Carine Maciel Daniel Nascimento Gessualdo Oliveira-Junior Lorena Pedreira Monielly de Souza Ana Leonor Godoy Source Type: research

Population Pharmacokinetics of Pediatric Lopinavir/Ritonavir Oral Pellets in Children Living with HIV in Africa
Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2024 Jan 21. doi: 10.1002/cpt.3174. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAntiretroviral therapy for children living with HIV (CLHIV) under 3 years of age commonly includes lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r). However, the original liquid LPV/r formulation has taste and cold storage difficulties. To address these challenges, LPV/r oral pellets have been developed. These pellets can be mixed with milk or food for administration and do not require refrigeration. We developed the population pharmacokinetic (PK) model and assessed drug exposure of LPV/r oral pellets administered twice daily to CLHIV per World Health Organ...
Source: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics - January 22, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Suthunya Chupradit Dalton C Wamalwa Elizabeth Maleche-Obimbo Adeodata R Kekitiinwa Juliet Mwanga-Amumpaire Elizabeth A Bukusi Winstone M Nyandiko Joseph K Mbuthia Alistair Swanson DNDi Clinical Team Tim R Cressey Baralee Punyawudho Victor Musiime LIVING S Source Type: research

A detailed characterization of drug resistance during darunavir/ritonavir monotherapy highlights a high barrier to the emergence of resistance mutations in protease but identifies alternative pathways of resistance
ConclusionsThe study highlights the high resistance barrier of ritonavir-boosted darunavir while identifying alternative pathways of resistance through Gag substitutions. During virological suppression, resistance patterns in HIV-1 DNA reflect treatment history, but due to technical and biological considerations, cautious interpretation is warranted. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - December 28, 2023 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome in Ethiopia: describing an emerging outbreak in HIV clinics of the sub-Saharan Africa - a cross-sectional study
Conclusion Our study revealed 38% of the participants had MetS indicating considerable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks. Independent risk factors for MetS were BMI≥25 kg/m2, efavirenz and lopinavir/ritonavir-based cART, female sex and age ≥45 years. In addition to prevention, CVD risk stratification and management will reduce morbidity and mortality in people with HIV infection. (Source: BMJ Open)
Source: BMJ Open - December 9, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Abdela, A. A., Yifter, H., Reja, A., Shewaamare, A., Ofotokun, I., Degu, W. A. Tags: Open access, Diabetes and Endocrinology Source Type: research

Reasons, safety and efficacy analysis for conversion of HAART to TAF/FTC/BIC among HIV-infected patients
CONCLUSION: The transition to TAF/FTC/BIC demonstrated good treatment potency. Furthermore, this study elucidates the motivations behind the adoption of TAF/FTC/BIC in real-world scenarios, providing clinical evidence supporting the stable conversion to TAF/FTC/BIC for HAART-experienced patients.PMID:38032036 | DOI:10.1097/CM9.0000000000002939 (Source: Chinese Medical Journal)
Source: Chinese Medical Journal - November 30, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Jiang Xiao Guiju Gao Yi Ding Jialu Li Chengyu Gao Qiuhua Xu Liang Wu Hongyuan Liang Liang Ni Fang Wang Yujiao Duan Di Yang Hongxin Zhao Source Type: research

Reasons, safety and efficacy analysis for conversion of HAART to TAF/FTC/BIC among HIV-infected patients
CONCLUSION: The transition to TAF/FTC/BIC demonstrated good treatment potency. Furthermore, this study elucidates the motivations behind the adoption of TAF/FTC/BIC in real-world scenarios, providing clinical evidence supporting the stable conversion to TAF/FTC/BIC for HAART-experienced patients.PMID:38032036 | DOI:10.1097/CM9.0000000000002939 (Source: Chinese Medical Journal)
Source: Chinese Medical Journal - November 30, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Jiang Xiao Guiju Gao Yi Ding Jialu Li Chengyu Gao Qiuhua Xu Liang Wu Hongyuan Liang Liang Ni Fang Wang Yujiao Duan Di Yang Hongxin Zhao Source Type: research

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of oral N ‐acetylcysteine in patients with COVID‐19 receiving the routine antiviral and hydroxychloroquine protocol: A randomized controlled clinical trial
ConclusionThe NAC could be more effective as prophylactic or adjuvant therapy in stable non-severe cases of COVID-19 with a particularly positive role in the augmentation of O2 saturation and faster reduction of the CRP level and inflammation or could be effective for better controlling of COVID-19 or its therapy-related side effects. (Source: Immunity, Inflammation and Disease)
Source: Immunity, Inflammation and Disease - November 20, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Najmolsadat Atefi, Azadeh Goodarzi, Taghi Riahi, Niloofar Khodabandehloo, Mahshid Talebi Taher, Niloufar Najar Nobari, Farnoosh Seirafianpour, Zeinab Mahdi, Amir Baghestani, Rohollah Valizadeh Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

GSE247541 Transcriptional changes in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes induced by apilimod, remdesivir, ritonavir, and lopinavir treatment
Contributors : Nan Cao ; He Xu ; Ge Liu ; Jixing Gong ; Ying Zhang ; Shanshan GuSeries Type : Expression profiling by high throughput sequencingOrganism : Homo sapiensThe rapid development of safe and effective treatments for COVID-19 had become a top priority to fight against this spreading pandemic worldwide in 2019. 20% –30% of COVID-19 patients experience severe cardiovascular damage, patients with pre-existing heart complications are more likely to develop severe illness and have higher risk of death compared with patients without co-morbidities. In such a context, whether the repurposed drugs are at risk of i...
Source: GEO: Gene Expression Omnibus - November 15, 2023 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing Homo sapiens Source Type: research

Torsade de pointes associated with long-term antiretroviral drugs in a patient with HIV: a case report
We describe a female patient with HIV, who was admitted to the emergency department following an unexplained loss of consciousness. This patient had been on antiretroviral therapy comprising tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, lamivudine, and lopinavir/ritonavir for 12 years. Coincidentally, she had been prescribed terfenadine for urticaria recently. After 3 days on this medication, she suddenly lost her consciousness, with a distinctive electrocardiogram alteration characterized by QT prolongation and torsade de pointes. This symptom recurred several times over a span of 2 days. We postulate that the primary instigator was ...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - October 31, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Lopinavir-ritonavir versus darunavir-norvir for hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Conclusion: LPV/r, but not DRV/n demonstrated survival benefits in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in this observational study. (Source: European Respiratory Journal)
Source: European Respiratory Journal - October 27, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Paroczai, D., Bikov, A., Blidaru, A., Bobu, E., Cerbu, B., Marincu, I., Mihaicuta, S., Frent, S. Tags: Respiratory infections and bronchiectasis Source Type: research

Potential drug-drug interactions in a multi-center study of death cases of COVID-19: The significance of appropriate drug choice
CONCLUSION: The findings underscored the importance of careful drug choice, especially in the hectic search for early treatments in pandemics of novel diseases. Close monitoring of patients' drug choice is warranted for reducing pDDIs and their adverse effects in any new disease outbreak.PMID:37877293 | DOI:10.5414/CP204469 (Source: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics - October 25, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ayda Esmaeili Zahra Niazkhani Khadijeh Makhdoomi Iraj Mohebbi Javad Aghazadeh-Attari Ebrahim Hassani Seyed Jalil Mousavi Naser Gharebaghi Rahim Nejadrahim Mohammad Mirza-Aghzadeh Aysan Esmaeili Mojgan Cheshmekaboodi Yasaman Nader-Babaei Habibollah Pirneja Source Type: research