Postoperative radiation therapy of pT2-3N0M0 esophageal carcinoma –a review
AbstractEsophageal cancer is one of the most malignant gastrointestinal cancers worldwide. Despite advances in surgical technique, 5-year survival in pathologic stage T2-3N0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients who are treated with surgery alone is still poor. The addition of adjuvant radiotherapy may confer a benefit for these patients. However, not all patients could get a benefit from radiotherapy and patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma receiving radiotherapy seem to have a disparity in treatment response. Thus, identifying effective prognostic indicator to complement current clinical staging appro...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 17, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Epigenetic regulation of human retinoblastoma
AbstractRetinoblastoma is a rare type of eye cancer of the retina that commonly occurs in early childhood and mostly affects the children before the age of 5. It occurs due to the mutations in the retinoblastoma gene (RB1) which inactivates both alleles of the RB1. RB1 was first identified as a tumor suppressor gene, which regulates cell cycle components and associated with retinoblastoma. Previously, genetic alteration was known as the major cause of its occurrence, but later, it is revealed that besides genetic changes, epigenetic changes also play a significant role in the disease. Initiation and progression of retinobl...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 16, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Addition of the p110 α inhibitor BYL719 overcomes targeted therapy resistance in cells from Her2-positive-PTEN-loss breast cancer
In this study, we established an HER2-positive and PTEN loss cell line and confirmed it by western blot analysis. This cell line and its orthotopic xenograft models were exposed to p110 α-specific inhibitor BYL719, p110β-specific inhibitor AZD6482, or pan-PI3K inhibitor BKM120, respectively, and the results showed sensitivity to both BYL719 and BKM120 but not AZD6482, which indicated a p110α-reliance for HER2-positive-PTEN-loss breast cancer. Then, the addition of BYL719 to HER2 antibody greatly reduced tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo, accompanied by inhibited PI3K effector phosphorylation. Therefore, our finding...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 16, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of a specific anti-insulin-like growth factor I receptor single chain antibody on breast cancer cells
AbstractInsulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) is expressed on breast cancer cells and involves in metastasis, survival, and proliferation. Currently, application of IGF-IR-targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), alone or in combination with other drugs, is a promising strategy for breast cancer therapy. Single-chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies have been introduced as appropriate tools for tumor-targeting purposes because of their advantages over whole antibodies. In the present study, we employed a na ïve phage library and isolated scFvs against a specific epitope from extracellular domain of IGF-IR by pa...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 16, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Association between XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism and nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk: evidence from a large-scale case-control study and a meta-analysis
AbstractThe X-ray repair cross-complementing group 3 (XRCC3) Thr241Met polymorphism (rs861539, C > T) has drawn wide attentions as its association with cancer risk and its involvement in DNA repair. Several studies have attempted to link rs861539 to nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) risk; however, the sample sizes of these studies are small and the results are controversial. To investigate the relati onship of rs861539 and NPC susceptibility, we conducted a large-scale case-control study involving 4001 NPC cases and 2967 controls of southern Chinese. Logistic regression analysis revealed significant association for rs8615...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 16, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
MiR-377 inhibits the proliferation of pancreatic cancer by targeting Pim-3
In this study, we scanned the global miRNA expression profiles in PDAC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and found miR-377 was down-regulated significantly in PDAC. Then, its expression was measured in both pancreatic cancer tissues and cells; the data showed that miR-377 was de-regulated and inversely correlated with pathologic parameters of tumor growth or metastasis. We generated PDAC cell lines with stable overexpression or inhibition of miR-377, and our results indicated that miR-377 up-regulation significantly promoted cell viability, proliferation, and migration in PDAC cells, and also induced cell apoptosis and c...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 15, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Apoptotic effect of the selective PPAR β/δ agonist GW501516 in invasive bladder cancer cells
AbstractGW501516 is a selective and high-affinity synthetic agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ). This molecule promoted the inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis in few cancer cell lines, but its anticancer action has never been investigated in bladder tumor cells. Thus, this study was undertaken to determine whether GW501516 had antiproliferative and/or apoptotic effects on RT4 and T24 urothelial cancer cells and to explore the molecular mechanisms involved. Our results indicated that, in RT4 cells (derived from a low-grade papillary tumor), GW501516 did not induce cell death. On th...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 15, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Histone H3 lysine 23 acetylation is associated with oncogene TRIM24 expression and a poor prognosis in breast cancer
In this study, we collected breast carcinoma samples from 121 patients and conducted immunohistochemistry to determine the levels of TRIM24 and H3K23ac in breast cancer. Our results demonstrated that TRIM24 expression is positively correlated with H3K23ac levels, and high levels of both TRIM24 and H3K23ac predict shorter overall survival of breast cancer patients. We also showed that both TRIM24 and H3K23ac are higher in HER2-positive patients, and their levels were positively correlated with HER2 levels in breast cancer. Moreover, TRIM24 expression is associated with estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) s...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 15, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Reanalysis of microRNA expression profiles identifies novel biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis
In conclusion, for the first time, we identify 25 deregulated miRNAs that are associated with prognosis and prove that miR-139-5p functions as a tumor suppressor in HCC and its low expression predicts poor prognosis. (Source: Tumor Biology)
Source: Tumor Biology - September 15, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Study of apoptosis-related interactions in colorectal cancer
In this study, molecular interactions behind the apoptotic regulation have been explored. For this purpose, enrichment analysis was performed considering microRNAs (miRNAs) that putatively target TP53 and altered during colon cancer. This revealed gene associated with both TP53 and miRNAs. Further analysis showed that a significant molecular interaction between the shortlisted candidates (TP53, miR-143, KRAS, BCL2, and PLK1) exists. Mutation study was conducted to confirm the clinical relevance of candidates. It showed that the mutation extent does not significantly alter survival in patients thus making these candidates s...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 14, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
A critical overview of long non-coding RNA in glioma etiology 2016: an update
AbstractWith the development of whole genome and transcriptome sequencing technologies, a growing body of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been identified and is receiving increasing attention. LncRNAs are non-protein encoding transcripts whose functions are crucial for advancing our comprehensive understanding of biological processes in human health and diseases, specifically glioma. It has been established that lncRNAs are differently expressed in the central nervous system and may play a vital role in glioma. As of June 2016, 20 lncRNAs have been identified that may play a role in glioma pathogenesis. Investigation in...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 14, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The biology of extracellular vesicles with focus on platelet microparticles and their role in cancer development and progression
AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of structures which can be classified into smaller in size and relatively homogenous exosomes (EXSMs) —spherical fragments of lipid bilayers from inner cell compartments—and bigger in size ectosomes (ECSMs)—a direct consequence of cell-membrane blebbing. EVs can be found in body fluids of healthy individuals. Their number increases in cancer and other pathological conditions. EVs can originate from various cell types, including leukocytes, erythrocytes, thrombocytes, and neoplastic cells. Platelet microparticles (PMPs) are the most abundant population of ...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 14, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Long non-coding RNA UCA1 enhances tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells through a miR-18a-HIF1 α feedback regulatory loop
This study aimed to investigate whether UCA1 is involved in acquired tamoxifen resistance in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive cancer cells. Our findings reveal that tamoxifen induces UCA1 upregulation in ER-positive breast cancer cells in a HIF1 α-dependent manner. UCA1 upregulation results in significantly enhanced tamoxifen resistance. The upregulated UCA1 sponges miR-18a, which is a negative regulator of HIF1α. Therefore, UCA1 upregulation is further enhanced through a miR-18a-HIF1α feedback loop. In addition, our data also showed tha t miR-18a is a modulator of tamoxifen sensitivity due to its regulative effect on ce...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 14, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Geldanamycin, an inhibitor of Hsp90, increases paclitaxel-mediated toxicity in ovarian cancer cells through sustained activation of the p38/H2AX axis
In conclusion, GA may sensitize a subset of ovarian cancer to paclitaxel, particularly those tumors in which resistance is driven by inactivation of p38/H2AX axis. (Source: Tumor Biology)
Source: Tumor Biology - September 14, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Poly r(C) binding protein is post-transcriptionally repressed by MiR-490-3p to potentiate squamous cell carcinoma
AbstractSquamous cell skin carcinoma remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality with a huge cost of treatment, necessitating discovery and validation of potent therapeutic targets. Poly r(C) binding protein 1 (PCBP1) has been previously shown to function as a tumor suppressor. Previous work has shown that PCBP1 expression is inversely correlated to maintenance of cancer stem cells in squamous cell skin carcinoma and prostate cancer, respectively. However, the precise mechanism that regulates PCBP1 expression has not been elucidated. Here, we show that loss of PCBP1 protein expression observed in CD34+ COLO-16 cell...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 14, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
