Breast cancer classification and prognostication through diverse systems along with recent emerging findings in this respect; the dawn of new perspectives in the clinical applications
AbstractBreast cancer is the most common malignancy among women and the second leading cause of mortality due to cancer worldwide. The complexity of breast cancer resembles an intricate ecosystem comprising various cleverly designed interaction levels of internal and external factors to generate a pliable context in the clonal evolution of breast cancer cells. Principally, the complex entity can become evident toward delineating a number of significant variations in the specific fields of breast cancer analyses, including the molecular, physiological, and morphological characteristics, clinical presentations, risk factors,...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 19, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Targeting Netrin-1 in glioblastoma stem-like cells inhibits growth, invasion, and angiogenesis
In conclusion, Netrin-1 may represent a therapeutic target in glioblastoma. (Source: Tumor Biology)
Source: Tumor Biology - September 19, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The predictive potential and oncogenic effects of HOXC8 expression on osteosarcoma
AbstractHomeobox C8 (HOXC8) has been implicated in cell growth, migration, and metastasis of various cancers, yet its role in osteosarcoma remains to be explored. In the present study, resected osteosarcoma specimens from 50 patients were enrolled to evaluate the expression of HOXC8 protein by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In vitro and in vivo assays were used to determine the effect of HOXC8 on cell growth, migration, and tumor growth. HOXC8 expression was observed in 31 (62.0 %) of the 50 primary tumors and significantly associated with poorly or un-differentiated specimens (P = 0.031) and larger tumor size (P = 0.04...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 19, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The tumor suppressor miR-124 inhibits cell proliferation and invasion by targeting B7-H3 in osteosarcoma
In this study, we found that miR-124 was downregulated significantly in OS tumor tissue, compared to normal adjacent tissues (NATs). Lower miR-124 expression levels were associated with advanced Ennecking stage, lower tumor differentiation, and common pulmonary metastasis. The 5-year overall survival rate in the miR-124 upregulated group was 61.5 %, while with low miR-124 expression, only 11.8 % survived. Further studies in vitro showed that B7-H3 was a direct target of miR-124. Overexpression of miR-124 decreased B7-H3 mRNA and protein level and inhibited B7-H3 3′-UTR reporter activity. Treatment of OS cells with miR...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 19, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition through microRNAs: clinical and biological significance of microRNAs in breast cancer
AbstractBreast cancer is a malignant disease to treat among female worldwide due to its high capability to metastasize and mutate. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is one of the essential processes involved in the metastatic capacity of breast cancer. In the recent time, the studies demonstrate that microRNAs, a kind of small non-coding RNA molecules, could be served as negative regulators in breast cancer, regulating cell cycle, drug resistance, and the process of metastasis in cancer development. With the assistance of microRNA profiling, the study concentrating on the regulatory function of miRNAs in breast cancer coul...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 18, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Transcription factor HIF1A: downstream targets, associated pathways, polymorphic hypoxia response element (HRE) sites, and initiative for standardization of reporting in scientific literature
AbstractHypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1α) has crucial role in adapting cells to hypoxia through expression regulation of many genes. Identification of HIF-1α target genes (HIF-1α-TGs) is important for understanding the adapting mechanism. The aim of the present study was to collect known HIF-1α-TGs and identify their associa ted pathways. Targets and associated genomics data were retrieved using PubMed, WoS (http://apps.webofknowledge.com/), HGNC (http://www.genenames.org/), NCBI (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), Ensemblv.84 (http://www.ensembl.org/index.html), DAVID Bioinformatics Resources (https://david.ncifcrf.g...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 18, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
A monomer purified from Paris polyphylla (PP-22) triggers S and G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma SCC-15 by activating the p38/cdc25/cdc2 and caspase 8/caspase 3 pathways
In conclusion, these results demonstrated that PP-22 activated p38, inhibited cdc25B, increased p-cdc2 (Tyr15), and triggered S and G2/M phase arrest, as well as activated p53 through the p38-p53 pathway, inhibited the MAPK/ERK pathway, activated the caspase 8/caspase 3 pathway, and triggered the extrinsic apoptotic pathway in SCC-15 cells. (Source: Tumor Biology)
Source: Tumor Biology - September 18, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Dysregulation of TTP and HuR plays an important role in cancers
AbstractDefects in the adenosine-uridine (AU)-rich elements (AREs), which mediate post-transcriptional regulation, play important roles in cancers. Both tristetraprolin (TTP, also known as TIS11 and ZFP36) and human antigen R (HuR, also known as ELAVL1) are two important and closely related AU-rich RNA-binding proteins (ARE-BPs). High-expression or aberrant nuclear/cytoplasmic distribution of HuR and decreased TTP have been found in many types of cancers. TTP mediates the decay of target mRNAs, whereas HuR generally stabilizes target transcripts and promotes translation of certain mRNAs. Furthermore, thousands of overlappi...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 18, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Hypoxia-induced NIPP1 activation enhances metastatic potential and predicts poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
In conclusion, we found that NIPP1 could be activated by hypoxia and contributed to hypoxia-induced invasive and metastatic potential in HCC. (Source: Tumor Biology)
Source: Tumor Biology - September 18, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
FABP5 correlates with poor prognosis and promotes tumor cell growth and metastasis in cervical cancer
AbstractFatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) was found in our previous study to be a potential biomarker for lymph node metastasis of cervical cancer. However, the roles of FABP5 in cervical cancer remain unclear. In the present study, FABP5 expression was found to be significantly upregulated in cervical cancer tissues, and high FABP5 expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular space invasion, the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, and tumor size. Moreover, FABP5 was an independent factor for poor prognosis in cervical cancer patients. Silencing of FA...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 18, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Novel long non-coding RNA GACAT3 promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation through the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway
In this study, to investigate its function, we synthesized small interference RNAs (siRNAs) against GACTA3 and developed a GACAT3 overexpression vector (pcDNA3-GACAT3), respectively. The siRNA-mediated knockdown ofGACAT3 significantly decreased cell proliferation of the gastric cancer HGC-27 cells, in whichGACAT3 is overexpressed. Furthermore,GACAT3 overexpression in gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells promoted cell growth. Moreover,GACAT3 expression in HGC-27 cells was greatly upregulated by IL-6 treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, siRNA-mediated knockdown ofSTAT3 decreasedGACAT3 expression even in the p...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 18, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Overexpression of pyruvate kinase M2 predicts a poor prognosis for patients with osteosarcoma
AbstractIt is stated that high expression of pyruvate kinase (PKM2) emerges as a significant player in the metabolism and progression of various human malignancies. However, the expression of PKM2 and its association with the prognosis of osteosarcoma had not yet been studied. In the present study, the expression and biological significance of PKM2 in osteosarcoma were investigated. We found that PKM2 expression was elevated in the cancerous tissues and it was more abundant than the adjacent normal tissues (60.2 vs 26.1 %,p < 0.001). Moreover, we showed that high PKM2 expression was positively correlated with Ennek...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 18, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Endocan reduces the malign grade of gastric cancer cells by regulating associated protein expression
In conclusion, our findings suggest that endocan plays an anti-carcinogenic role in gastric cancer development and progression and might serve as a prognostic biomarker as well as a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer. (Source: Tumor Biology)
Source: Tumor Biology - September 18, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
γ-Aminobutyric acid inhibits the proliferation and increases oxaliplatin sensitivity in human colon cancer cells
In this study, we found the inhibitory effects of GABA on the proliferation of colon cancer cells (CCCs). The amino acid also suppressed metastasis of SW480 and SW620 cells. To further study the correlated mechanism, we analyzed the changes in cell cycle distribution and found that GABA suppressed cell cycle progression through G2/M or G1/S phase. Furthermore, RNA sequencing analysis reve aled GABA-induced changes in the mRNA expression of 30 genes, including EGR1, MAPK4, NR4A1, Fos, and FosB, in all the three types of CCC. Importantly, GABA enhanced the anti-tumor efficacy of oxaliplatin (OXA) in subcutaneous xenograft tu...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 18, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Long non-coding RNA IRAIN suppresses apoptosis and promotes proliferation by binding to LSD1 and EZH2 in pancreatic cancer
In this study, we found that upregulation of lncRNA IRAIN was significantly correlated with tumor size, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis in a cohort of 37 PC patients. In vitro experiments showed that knockdown of IRAIN by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly induced cell apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation in both BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells. Further mechanism study showed that, by binding to histone demethylase lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), an enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), IRAIN reduced PC tumor cell apoptosis and induced growth arrest by silencing the expression of Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 18, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
