Bovine anaplasmosis: A systematic review with meta-analysis on the global prevalence
This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the global prevalence of bovine anaplasmosis and synthesized data from diverse geographic regions. A literature search was conducted to identify all relevant published articles reporting the prevalence of bovine anaplasmosis and a total of 164 studies were found eligible for final systematic review and meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was conducted using meta package of R software and summary estimates of the prevalence were calculated. Meta-analysis of 129,851 samples from 42 countries was conducted and the overall estimated prevalence of bovine anaplasmosis was foun...
Source: Tropical Biomedicine - February 3, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Source Type: research

Molecular identification of Opisthorchis viverrini among the northeastern Cambodian population by internal transcribed spacer 2 based polymerase chain reaction
This study demonstrates that O. viverrini infection is distributed in rural areas located near freshwater reservoirs. Therefore, active surveillance, clinical examination of association with hepatobiliary, cholangiocarcinoma, and health education are needed.PMID:38308824 | DOI:10.47665/tb.40.4.002 (Source: Tropical Biomedicine)
Source: Tropical Biomedicine - February 3, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: N La M Leng P Arunsan P Pechdee A Boonsuya C Thanchonnang N K Rattanapitoon S K Rattanapitoon Source Type: research

Wild hosts and microscopic worlds: Investigating the morphology and surface ultrastructure of Blastocystis sp. in avian and non-human primate species
This study aimed to examine the morphology and the cell surface of Blastocystis in avian and non-human primates, including peafowl, pheasant, and lion-headed tamarin. By employing light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), this study provides the first evidence of the cellular and surface features of Blastocystis in these animal species. Our findings revealed distinct variations in cell size, shape, and surface morphology among the different host species. Notably, the isolates from peafowl exhibited larger cell sizes compared to the isolates from the pheasant. However, interestingly, both animal species were ...
Source: Tropical Biomedicine - February 3, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: A Sanggari A O Attah Z S Yahaya M T Farah Haziqah Source Type: research

A non-toxic recombinant protein rSUMO-CPBm4 as a potential vaccine candidate against Clostridium perfringens type C beta enterotoxemia
In this study, we synthesized the rCPBm4 of C. perfringens type C strain and small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-tag CPBm4 (rSUMO-CPBm4) by introducing four amino acid substitutions: R212E, Y266A, L268G, and W275A. Compared with rCPBm4, rSUMO-CPBm4 was expressed with higher solubility in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Neither rCPBm4 nor rSUMO-CPBm4 was lethal to mice. Although rCPBm4 and rSUMO-CPBm4 were reactogenic with polyclonal antibodies against crude CPB, rabbits vaccinated with rSUMO-CPBm4 developed significant levels of toxin-neutralizing antibody (TNA) titers that conferred protection against crude toxin challenge....
Source: Tropical Biomedicine - February 3, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Y Goa J G Du C Jirapattharasate E Galon S W Ji Z G Ran Y Q Xia Source Type: research

Cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory cytokine profiles of patients with neurotropic parasitic infections
In this study, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) samples from suspected patients with parasitic infections were screened for pathogenic free-living amoebae by culture (n=2506) and PCR (n=275). Six proinflammatory cytokines in smear and culture-negative CSF samples from patients with GAE (n = 2), NCC (n = 7), and CT (n = 23) as well as control (n = 7) patients were measured using the Multiplex Suspension assay. None of the CSF samples tested was positive for neurotropic free-living amoebae by culture and only two samples showed Acanthamoeba 18S rRNA by PCR. Of the six cytokines measured, only IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly incr...
Source: Tropical Biomedicine - February 3, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: D V John N Sreenivas H Deora M Purushottam M Debnath A Mahadevan S A Patil Source Type: research

Two new records of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera) from the Oriental honey buzzard [Pernis ptilorhynchus (Temminck, 1821)] and house crow (Corvus splendens Viellot, 1817) in Malaysia
We report two new records of chewing lice from avian pets in Peninsular Malaysia: Colpocephalum apivorus Tendeiro, 1958 from an Oriental honey buzzard (Pernis ptilorhynchus (Temminck, 1821)), and Myrsidea splendenticola Klockenhoff, 1973 from an albino house crow (Corvus splendens Vieillot, 1817). The scarcity of louse records from avian pets and wild birds, and the lack of louse research in Malaysia are discussed.PMID:38308828 | DOI:10.47665/tb.40.4.006 (Source: Tropical Biomedicine)
Source: Tropical Biomedicine - February 3, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: A R Kazim J Houssaini D Tappe C C Heo S Vellayan Source Type: research

Characterization of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates from chicken offal in Metro Manila, Philippines: Insights from virulence gene prevalence and multilocus sequence typing analysis
The objective of this study was to address this knowledge gap by characterizing Campylobacter isolates obtained from chicken offal sold in wet markets in Metro Manila, Philippines. Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) analysis was performed to determine the sequence types, resulting in the identification of 13 unique sequence types, including nine previously unreported ones, and three clonal complexes. Notably, the widespread sequence type ST-305 was found in samples from different markets. Furthermore, six isolates deposited in the Campylobacter PubMLST database were identified as C. coli based on allele profiles. Profiling ...
Source: Tropical Biomedicine - February 3, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: M S E Subejano G Penuliar Source Type: research

Inhibition of choline kinase as an antiamoebic approach in Entamoeba histolytica infection
This study investigates a novel anti-amoebic approach targeting the CDP-choline pathway. Inhibition studies were conducted using potential choline kinase (CK) inhibitors to inhibit the EhCK enzyme, and RNA interference was employed to knock down the EhCK gene. Km and Vmax of purified EhCK and hCKa2 proteins were determined by pyruvate kinase-lactate dehydrogenase (PK-LDH) coupled assay. The IC50 values for EhCK and hCKa2 were determined with several commercial CK inhibitors. Selected inhibitors were incubated with E. histolytica trophozoites for 48 hours to determine the EC50 for each inhibitor. Silencing of gene encoding ...
Source: Tropical Biomedicine - February 3, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Z H Teh B H Lim W C See Too L L Few Source Type: research

Investigations of clinical characteristics and inflammatory markers of febrile seizures induced by coronavirus infection
This study investigated the clinical features of 53 children with FS who were admitted to Sanya Women and Children's Hospital from December 1, 2022, to January 31, 2023. The results indicated that the duration of convulsion in the case and control group was 7.90±8.91 and 2.67±1.23 (minutes) respectively. The analysis reveals that convulsions occurred within 24 hours in 39 cases (95.12%) of the case group, and in 8 cases (66.7%) of the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Additionally, the case group presented lower counts of WBC and NEU compared to the control group (p<0.05). The fi...
Source: Tropical Biomedicine - February 3, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: L Zhao H Y Wu D Xie L M Mo F F Yang Y Gao X L Zhao Y Z He Source Type: research

Parasitic coinfections among selected smallholder goat flocks in Malaysia
This study highlights the importance of M. ovis and Strongyle or Eimeria species coinfections among goat flocks and provides valuable data for developing and implementing an integrated herd health management program for parasite control among low-input smallholder flocks.PMID:38308832 | DOI:10.47665/tb.40.4.010 (Source: Tropical Biomedicine)
Source: Tropical Biomedicine - February 3, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: B T Paul F A A Jesse J Kamaludeen E L T Chung K Mat Isa N A Azhar Y A Jimale M A Mohd Lila Source Type: research

Elettaria cardamomum essential oil; immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects for controlling acute Toxoplasma gondii infection
Trop Biomed. 2023 Dec 1;40(4):453-461. doi: 10.47665/tb.40.4.011.ABSTRACTThe present study was conducted to investigate the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of Elettaria cardamomum essential oil (ECEO) for the control of acute Toxoplasma gondii infection. The effect of ECEO on T. gondii tachyzoites was measured by the tetrazolium bromide method. Mice received ECEO orally at doses of 1-4 mg/kg/day for 14 days. Once acute toxoplasmosis was induced in mice, their mortality rate and parasite load were recorded. The level of liver antioxidant/oxidant enzymes and the level of mRNA expression of interleukin-1 beta a...
Source: Tropical Biomedicine - February 3, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: D A Abdullah E A Aishah Source Type: research

Bat coronavirus was detected positive from insectivorous bats in Krau Wildlife Reserve Forest
In this study, we performed molecular detection to detect coronaviruses, paramyxoviruses, pteropine orthoreoviruses and dengue viruses from samples collected from insectivorous bats in Krau Reserve Forest. One faecal sample from Rhinolophus spp. was detected positive for coronavirus. Based on BLASTN, phylogenetic analysis and pairwise alignment-based sequence identity calculation, the detected bat coronavirus is most likely to be a bat betacoronavirus lineage slightly different from coronavirus from China, Philippines, Thailand and Luxembourg. In summary, continuous surveillance of bat virome should be encouraged, as Krau ...
Source: Tropical Biomedicine - February 3, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Z Y Siew Z J Lai Q Y Ho H C Ter S H Ho S T Wong M Gani P P Leong K Voon Source Type: research

Oral parasitic protozoan Entamoeba gingivalis in periodontal disease patients, northeastern Thailand
Trop Biomed. 2023 Dec 1;40(4):471-477. doi: 10.47665/tb.40.4.013.ABSTRACTEntamoeba gingivalis is present in the oral cavity of humans and is associated with periodontal disease. Consequently, this study aimed to comprehensively investigate the E. gingivalis infection and the associated risk factors among individuals suffering from periodontal conditions. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out within a cohort of periodontal patients. Dental plaque specimens were meticulously collected and subsequently subjected to thorough examination using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based technique targeting the small...
Source: Tropical Biomedicine - February 3, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: A Boonsuya P Chitpitaklert P Pechdee W Srithongklang C Thanchonnang N La C N Gordon N K Rattanapitoon P Arunsan S K Rattanapitoon Source Type: research

Stability of enteroviruses on toys commonly found in kindergarten
Trop Biomed. 2023 Dec 1;40(4):478-485. doi: 10.47665/tb.40.4.014.ABSTRACTHand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a contagious childhood disease caused by enteroviruses including enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) and CV-A16 transmitted via direct and indirect contact. Different types of toy surfaces can affect the stability of viruses. Understanding the stability of enteroviruses on toys provides insightful data for effective disinfection in kindergartens or homes. Porous (ethylene-vinyl acetate mat foam, paper, pinewood, polyester fabric, and squishy polyurethane foam) and non-porous (acrylonitrile butadi...
Source: Tropical Biomedicine - February 3, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: S N A N Baharin S L Tan I C Sam Y F Chan Source Type: research

New peperomin and polyketides from dichloromethane extract of Peperomia blanda Jack. (Kunth)
Trop Biomed. 2023 Dec 1;40(4):486-496. doi: 10.47665/tb.40.4.015.ABSTRACTMuch of the new research and investigation in pharmacy sciences are concerned with developing therapeutic agents, and identifying and finding new drugs with their chemical structure to treat different human diseases such as infectious diseases from natural products. Therefore, the present findings relate to isolating five new compounds the dichloromethane extract of Peperomia blanda (Jacq.) Kunth grown on Socotra Island, Yemen. two new secolignans; which have been proposed as peperomin I & J. These compounds were isolated together with the other t...
Source: Tropical Biomedicine - February 3, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: W M Al-Madhagi O Sharhan B Jadan N M Hashim N Awadh R Othman Source Type: research