Immunogenicity in dogs and protection against visceral leishmaniasis induced by a 14kDa Leishmania infantum recombinant polypeptide
Publication date: 2016 Source:Trials in Vaccinology, Volume 5 Author(s): Claudia Abeijon, Nada Daifalla, Greice Krautz-Peterson, Stefano Pizzirani, Gillian Beamer, Neuza M. Frazatti-Gallina, Isaias Raw, Antonio Campos-Neto In areas were human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic, the domestic dog is the main parasite reservoir in the infectious cycle of Leishmania infantum. Development of prophylactic strategies to lower the parasite burden in dogs would reduce sand fly transmission thus lowering the incidence of zoonotic VL. Here we demonstrate that vaccination of dogs with a recombinant 14kDa polype...
Source: Trials in Vaccinology - November 25, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Decay of Sabin inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV)-boosted poliovirus antibodies
Conclusion The decay of poliovirus antibodies over a 21–22-month period was similar regardless of the type of booster vaccine used, suggesting the scientific data of Salk IPV long-term persistence and decay may be broadly applicable to Sabin IPV. (Source: Trials in Vaccinology)
Source: Trials in Vaccinology - August 25, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

ISCOM-based equine influenza vaccine: Duration of immunity and randomised clinical trials to assess an accelerated schedule of immunisation and efficacy
Publication date: 2015 Source:Trials in Vaccinology, Volume 4 Author(s): R. Paillot, S. Fraser, L. Prowse-Davis, N. Rash, F. Montesso, N. Slootmans, A. Thomas, B. Besognet, T. Meinert, E. Ons, J. Salt The widespread use of equine influenza (EI) vaccines plays an important role in the prevention and control of EI outbreaks. Vaccine strain updates, optimisation of immunisation schedules, and frequent evaluation of vaccine efficacy are necessary to maintain an acceptable level of protection and overall disease control. Results from three independent vaccine studies are reported here. Study 1: durati...
Source: Trials in Vaccinology - July 30, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Immunomodulatory role of outer membrane vesicles of Shigella in mouse model
Publication date: 2015 Source:Trials in Vaccinology, Volume 4 Author(s): Soma Mitra, Ritam Sinha, Dhrubajyoti Nag, Hemanta Koley In our previous studies, we discussed the protective efficacy of the two types of vaccine formulation namely SOMVs (single-serotype outer membrane vesicles) and MOMVs (multi-serotype outer membrane vesicles). Here, we compared the immunogenic roles of these two types of formulations and also studied general immunomodulation by Shigella OMVs in adult BALB/c mice. The production of various pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4 and IL-1...
Source: Trials in Vaccinology - July 24, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Examination of serological memory in rabbits injected with Bacillus anthracis protective antigen adsorbed to Alhydrogel
Publication date: 2015 Source:Trials in Vaccinology, Volume 4 Author(s): Stephen F. Little, Wendy M. Webster Serological memory after inoculation of protective antigen (PA) combined with Alhydrogel adjuvant (PA/Alhydrogel) was examined in New Zealand white rabbits, an animal model for anthrax. A threshold dose of 0.1μg of PA/Alhydrogel was identified which resulted in an ELISA titer 2weeks after a primary immunization of only 0.168μg anti-PA IgG per ml and a toxin-neutralizing antibody titer (TNA ED50) of 1.8 (n =40). A significant increase in anti-PA IgG and TNA ED50 titers were measured (p <0.0001) 2week...
Source: Trials in Vaccinology - July 16, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Efficacy and safety of a combined Porcine Circovirus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine in finishing pigs
Publication date: 2015 Source:Trials in Vaccinology, Volume 4 Author(s): Maarten Witvliet , Hans Holtslag , Tom Nell , Ruud Segers , Vicky Fachinger The safety and protective efficacy of a new one dose combination vaccine containing Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and M. hyopneumoniae antigens – Porcilis® PCV M Hyo - was evaluated in laboratory studies and under field conditions. Vaccination resulted in a moderate temperature increase on the day of vaccination and mild systemic and local reactions were found in only a low percentage of the vaccinated pigs. The local reactions observed were small (max. 2 cm) an...
Source: Trials in Vaccinology - June 25, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Simultaneous immunization of cattle with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and live anthrax vaccines do not interfere with FMD booster responses
In this study we evaluated if the simultaneous application of a Bacillus anthracis live vaccine with a commercial tetravalent oil-based FMD vaccine (FMD-vac) used in Argentina, modifies the antibody booster responses against FMD virus (FMDV) in cattle. Two groups of 16 heifers with comparable liquid phase blocking ELISA (LPBE) titers were immunized with the FMD-vac alone or simultaneously with a commercial attenuated bovine anthrax Sterne strain vaccine (ABV). Serum samples were obtained at 0, 25, 60 and 90days post vaccination (dpv) and specific antibodies against two FMDV vaccine strains were assessed by LPBE, avidity an...
Source: Trials in Vaccinology - June 5, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Development and field application of a new combined vaccine against Peste des Petits Ruminants and Sheep Pox
Publication date: 2015 Source:Trials in Vaccinology, Volume 4 Author(s): F. Fakri , F. Ghzal , S. Daouam , A. Elarkam , L. Douieb , Y. Zouheir , K. Tadlaoui , O. Fassi-Fihri A combined vaccine against Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) and Sheep/Goat Pox (SGP) was developed and applied in the field, using a new association of vaccine strains: PPR Nigeria 75 strain with a titre of 104.1 TCID50 and Sheep Pox Romania strain with a titre of 104.0 TCID50. Safety and efficacy were evaluated on goats and sheep in comparison with monovalent PPR and SGP vaccines. Goats were challenged by PPR virulent strain and sheep by S...
Source: Trials in Vaccinology - April 28, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Improved protection in guinea pigs after vaccination with a recombinant BCG expressing MPT64 on its surface
Publication date: 2015 Source:Trials in Vaccinology, Volume 4 Author(s): Simon O. Clark , Giovanni Delogu , Emma Rayner , Michela Sali , Ann Williams , Riccardo Manganelli The lack of an efficient vaccine against tuberculosis is still one of the major problems threatening global human health. In previous work we showed that expression of the protective antigen MPT64 on the surface of Mycobacterium bovis BCG, the only approved vaccine against tuberculosis, strongly improved its immunogenicity and protective potential in mice. In this work we demonstrate that the same recombinant strain is able to induce better pro...
Source: Trials in Vaccinology - April 28, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Immunization of horses with a polyvalent live-attenuated African horse sickness vaccine: Serological response and disease occurrence under field conditions
Publication date: 2015 Source:Trials in Vaccinology, Volume 4 Author(s): Umberto Molini , Giuseppe Marucchella , Adrianatus Maseke , Gaetano Federico Ronchi , Mauro Di Ventura , Romolo Salini , Massimo Scacchia , Attilio Pini African horse sickness (AHS) is a non-contagious, insect-borne disease of equids caused by a RNA virus (AHSV), which belongs to the genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae. The disease is endemic in sub-Saharan and western Africa, where prevention strictly depends upon vaccination. The present paper aims at evaluating the serological response and the occurrence of AHS in horses bred under field...
Source: Trials in Vaccinology - April 28, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Immunogenicity and safety of a tetravalent dengue vaccine during a five-year follow-up period
In conclusion, TDV appears to have good safety and persistence of antibodies over five years. (Source: Trials in Vaccinology)
Source: Trials in Vaccinology - April 11, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

The efficacy of a multivalent calicivirus, herpesvirus and parvovirus vaccine and a rabies vaccine is not affected when administered in combination
In conclusion, the data show that combining these two separate vaccines in one administration has limited impact on their ability to generate serological responses, and that these responses are still of a magnitude previously demonstrated to be protective. (Source: Trials in Vaccinology)
Source: Trials in Vaccinology - February 25, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Sociodemographic influences on immunization of children with chronic neurological disorders in Enugu, Nigeria
Conclusion Children with obvious neurological deficits whose mothers have low educational attainment are at risk of low immunization coverage. It is recommended that healthcare workers should assess the immunization status of children with CND at every opportunity. Female education and empowerment should be encouraged as a means of enhancing the immunization coverage of these children. (Source: Trials in Vaccinology)
Source: Trials in Vaccinology - January 15, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Adjuvant immunotherapy of feline injection-site sarcomas with the recombinant canarypox virus expressing feline interleukine-2 evaluated in a controlled monocentric clinical trial when used in association with surgery and brachytherapy
The objective of this randomised, controlled, parallel-group monocentric clinical trial was to assess the efficacy (at low and high dose) and the safety (at high dose) of a recombinant canarypox virus (ALVAC®) expressing feline interleukin 2 (IL-2). ALVAC IL-2 was administered to cats as an adjunct treatment of feline fibrosarcoma in complement to surgery and brachytherapy (reference treatment). Seventy-one cats with a first occurrence of feline fibrosarcoma were referred to the Veterinary Oncology Centre for post-surgical radiotherapy. They were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: reference treatment group (23 c...
Source: Trials in Vaccinology - December 6, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

An integrated multi-study analysis of serum HAI antibody responses to Ann Arbor strain live attenuated influenza vaccine in children and adults
This study characterizes HAI titers for LAIV. Serum HAI data were pooled from 40 LAIV clinical trials enrolling subjects aged 2–49years. Using pre- and postvaccination titers, geometric mean fold rises (GMFRs) and seroresponse rates (⩾4-fold rise) were determined by age and baseline serostatus (seronegative ⩽8, seropositive >8). Responses were generally evaluated after 2 doses for those 2–8years of age and after 1 dose for those 9–49years of age. Data were available for 6909 children and 3444 adults. A total of 20 different LAIV formulations were used, representing 6 H1N1 strains, 9 H3N2 strains, 7 B/Yamag...
Source: Trials in Vaccinology - December 4, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research