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Pneumococcal disease during Hajj and Umrah: Research agenda for evidence-based vaccination policy for these events
Pneumococcal disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with a significant financial burden. Pneumococcal vaccines are available and recommended in many countries for at-risk populations including young children, the elderly and those with underlying medical conditions. The Hajj and Umrah mass gatherings attract millions of Muslim pilgrims to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia each year. These events increase the risk of pneumococcal disease especially among the large number of elderly pilgrims with co-morbidities. (Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease)
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - August 22, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Saber Yezli, Mark van der Linden, Robert Booy, Badriah AlOtaibi Source Type: research

Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) survey regarding antibiotic use among pilgrims attending the 2015 Hajj mass gathering
Overuse and misuse of antibiotics have been reported in Hajj. However, little is known about Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of pilgrims themselves in relation to these agents. (Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease)
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - August 14, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Saber Yezli, Yara Yassin, Abdulaziz Mushi, Fuad Maashi, Nibras Aljabri, Gamal Mohamed, Kingsley Bieh, Awam Awam, Badriah Alotaibi Source Type: research

Rickettsia massiliae infection after a tick bite on the eyelid
Dear Editor, we read with interest the paper [1] describing diverse rickettsial infections in Croatia and would like to describe a case of Rickettsia massiliae infection and highlight previously reported cases of this unusual infection. (Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease)
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - August 13, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Carole Eldin, Giulio Virgili, Luciano Attard, Sophie Edouard, Pierluigi Viale, Didier Raoult, Philippe Parola Source Type: research

Two cases of imported hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and systematic review of literature
Many factors are involved in the epidemiology of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Imported cases, as well as those by emigrants, have been reported in literature worldwide. Our goal is to document two cases of HFRS, imported by two immigrants from two countries, and to make a review of the imported HFRS literature data. We performed a systematic literature review (PRISMA guidelines) of imported cases of HFRS and herein describe our two clinical cases. We found 20 published papers, with 16 of them in English and 4 in other languages. (Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease)
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - August 13, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Edmond Puca, Migena Qato, Pellumb Pipero, Ilir Akshija, Majlinda Kote, Dhimiter Kraja Source Type: research

Polio priority countries and the 2018 Hajj: Leveraging an opportunity
During the past three decades, since the 1988 World Health Assembly resolution to eradicate polio, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) efforts have decreased global polio incidence by 99.9%. GPEI efforts have benefitted over 16 million people who would otherwise have been paralysed, and approximately 1.5 million people whose lives would otherwise have been lost [1]. Now the task remains to tackle poliovirus transmission in its last few strongholds through parallel pursuits of wild poliovirus (WPV) eradication and vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) transmission elimination [2,3]. (Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease)
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - August 7, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Habida Elachola, Rohit A. Chitale, Shahul H. Ebrahim, Steve G.F. Wassilak, Ziad A. Memish Source Type: research

Nipah strikes in India; an urgent call for outbreak preparedness in Pakistan
We refer transmission of infections in India which have implications for Pakistan [1]. As compared to Pakistan, the range and burden of infectious diseases are enormous in India including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) contagion in 2002 –2003, Influenza A virus epidemic of 2006 (avian influenza), 2007 Equine influenza, Swine flu pandemic outbreaks in 2009 and 2014 [2]. Moreover, episodes of infectious diseases continue to rise in India, with a recent surge of chikungunya and dengue cases in 2016 [1]. (Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease)
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - August 3, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi, Yusra Habib Khan, Tahir Mehmood Khan Source Type: research

Hepatitis A in Switzerland: An analysis of 29 years of surveillance data and contemporary challenges
Hepatitis A (HA) incidence declined in most European countries in the past decades. We analysed HA notification data for Switzerland of 29 years looking for disease- and notification system-related factors possibly contributing to observed trends. (Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease)
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - August 2, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Claudia Schmutz, Daniel M äusezahl, Marianne Jost Source Type: research

A “lipo-tourist” with chronic cutaneous lesions after surgery in Ecuador: A diagnostic challenge
A 32-year-old woman had an abdominoplasty and mammoplasty surgery in Ecuador. Following surgery, pruritic and slightly suppurative nodular lesions appeared over the abdominal and mammary scars. During the following months, satellite papules and nodules arose on distant sites. All bacterial cultures performed grew methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and she received oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, levofloxacin and topical fusidic acid without improvement. She moved to Spain and was evaluated at our hospital two years after the surgery. (Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease)
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - August 1, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jara Llenas-Garc ía, José Vicente, Ma Montserrat Ruiz-García, Isabel Valencia-Ramírez, Mar Masiá Source Type: research

Microorganisms @ materials surfaces in aircraft: Potential risks for public health? – A systematic review
Civil air travel is increasingly recognized as an important potential source for the rapid spread of infectious diseases that were geographically confined in the past, creating international epidemics with great health and socio-economic impact. (Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease)
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - July 26, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Bin Zhao, Carolin Dewald, Max Hennig, J örg Bossert, Michael Bauer, Mathias W. Pletz, Klaus D. Jandt Source Type: research

Utility of tuberculin skin test and IGRA for tuberculosis screening in internationally adopted children: Retrospective analysis from a single center in Florence, Italy
Most of internationally adopted children (IAC) come from countries in which tuberculosis (TB) is endemic. Interpretation of discordant Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and Quantiferon-Gold In Tube (QFT) results is under debate. (Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease)
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - July 24, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Maria Vincenza Mastrolia, Sara Sollai, Camilla Totaro, Pasqua Putignano, Maurizio de Martino, Luisa Galli, Elena Chiappini Source Type: research

Utility of tuberculin skin test and IGRA for tuberculosis screening ininternationally adopted children: Retrospective analysis from a single center in florence, Italy
Most of internationally adopted children (IAC) come from countries in which tuberculosis (TB) is endemic. Interpretation of discordant Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and Quantiferon-Gold In Tube (QFT) results is under debate. (Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease)
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - July 24, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Maria Vincenza Mastrolia, Sara Sollai, Camilla Totaro, Pasqua Putignano, Maurizio de Martino, Luisa Galli, Elena Chiappini Source Type: research

Could antibiotic treatment of traveller's diarrhoea even prolong elimination of pathogens?
The recent report by L ääveri et al. rightfully questions the liberal use of antibiotics (AB) for the treatment of traveller's diarrhoea (TD) [1]. It may shorten symptoms; however, the clinical benefit remains debatable. While AB may be indicated for immunocompromised individuals [2], the general use is doubtful, unless the TD is bloody and medical help cannot be immediately obtained. Of note, “severe diarrhoea” as criterion for AB use is dubious, as the case of norovirus infections demonstrate. (Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease)
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - July 17, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Thomas Hanscheid, Martin P. Grobusch Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research

Severe imported falciparum malaria – Clinical and drug supply challenges
We read with interest a case series on a cohort of Italian patients with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria treated in the intensive care unit with predominantly positive outcomes [1]. In light of lengthy processes of approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for drugs which are already routinely prescribed around the world, it has come to our attention that patients may not be receiving potentially life-saving antimalarial agents quickly enough to prevent rapid dissemination of parasite burden and eventual progression of disease. (Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease)
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - July 16, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Albert Anastasio, James Malcolm, Tommy T. Thomas, Tushar Patil Source Type: research

Slovakia reports highest occurrence of alimentary tick-borne encephalitis in Europe: Analysis of tick-borne encepahlitis outbreaks in Slovakia during 2007 –2016
Slovakia is well-known for tick-borne encephalitis alimentary (TBE) outbreaks in Europe for a long time. Since the first known and largest TBE alimentary outbreak in 1951 (at territory of Slovakia) until today, none of the European countries report a comparable number of TBE alimentary outbreaks with probable and laboratory confirmed food transmission factor as Slovakia. (Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease)
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - July 15, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jana Kerlik, M ária Avdičová, Mária Štefkovičová, Veronika Tarkovská, Martina Pántiková Valachová, Tomáš Molčányi, Roman Mezencev Source Type: research

Rickettsia sibirica mongolitimonae human infection: A diagnostic challenge
A 42-year-old female patient, with no prior medical history, and living in Les Pennes-Mirabeau, 20 km north of Marseille, southern France, was admitted to our emergency department, on July 30th, 2016. She had a 5-day history of fever, associated with fatigue, headaches and arthromyalgia. She mentioned an itching maculopapular rash that preceded the fever on July 24th along with two necrotic right upper quadrant skin lesions that were initially vesicular. She reported no recent travel, forest hiking or gardening though she had a garden. (Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease)
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - July 15, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Pierre Rajoelison, Oleg Mediannikov, Emilie Javelle, Didier Raoult, Philippe Parola, Olivier Aoun Source Type: research