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An update on the evidence base for peginterferon {beta}1a in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Peginterferon β1a is a modified form of interferon β1a with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) group attached to the α-amino group of the N terminus of the interferon molecule. This modification alters the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of interferon β1a, enabling reduced frequency of dosing and may also result in reduced immunogenicity of the interferon β1a molecule. The efficacy of peginterferon β1a 125 µg administered subcutaneously every 2 or 4 weeks was demonstrated at the end of the placebo-controlled period in the phase III ADVANCE study; both dosing regimens met their p...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders - October 12, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Bhargava, P., Newsome, S. D. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Brivaracetam as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients with epilepsy: the current evidence base
Brivaracetam (BRV) is a novel antiepileptic drug recently licensed for the treatment of partial epilepsy in adults and adolescents over 16 years old. Like levetiracetam (LEV), it is a ligand of the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A. BRV has been shown in animal models and in studies using human brain slices to have a higher SV2A affinity and faster penetration into the brain. Its efficacy and safety have been shown in several randomized, controlled studies. The recommended initial dose is 50–100 mg, divided into two daily doses. Up-titration to a 200 mg daily dose is possible. Dizziness and somnolence are frequent side e...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders - October 12, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Brandt, C., May, T. W., Bien, C. G. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Evidence for the use of pimavanserin in the treatment of Parkinsons disease psychosis
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with both motor and nonmotor symptoms (NMS), leading to significant morbidity and caregiver burden. Psychosis is common but is under recognized by physicians. When present, it increases the patient’s risk of hospitalization and nursing home placement and caregiver burden. Although the atypical antipsychotic agent, clozapine, has been considered the gold standard treatment, severe agranulocytosis in 0.38% of patients and more commonly milder leukopenia, resulting in frequent blood testing, limit its use. Pimavanserin, a 5HT2A receptor inverse a...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders - October 12, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Sarva, H., Henchcliffe, C. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Efficacy and tolerability of dimethyl fumarate in White-, African- and Hispanic- Americans with multiple sclerosis
Conclusion: Efficacy of DMF in our clinic population did not differ across three major ethnic groups, WA, AA and HA, and was comparable with results observed in the pivotal studies. These ‘real-life’ data suggest that race is not a factor that needs to be taken into account when initiating DMF. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders - October 12, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Zhovtis Ryerson, L., Green, R., Confident, G., Pandey, K., Richter, B., Bacon, T., Sammarco, C., Laing, L., Kalina, J., Kister, I. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Two-year real-world experience with perampanel in patients with refractory focal epilepsy: Austrian data
Conclusions: Perampanel was well tolerated and improved seizure control in 42% of patients (50– 100% reduction), with higher rates in those not receiving a concomitant enzyme inducer. AEs, particularly dizziness, were common but often disappeared with a slight dose reduction. The results are consistent with those from randomized controlled trials. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders - October 12, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Rohracher, A., Kalss, G., Leitinger, M., Granbichler, C., Deak, I., Dobesberger, J., Kuchukhidze, G., Thomschewski, A., Höfler, J., Trinka, E. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Usefulness of optical coherence tomography to distinguish optic neuritis associated with AQP4 or MOG in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
(Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders - August 14, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Martinez-Lapiscina, E. H., Sepulveda, M., Torres-Torres, R., Alba-Arbalat, S., Llufriu, S., Blanco, Y., Guerrero-Zamora, A. M., Sola-Valls, N., Ortiz-Perez, S., Villoslada, P., Sanchez-Dalmau, B., Saiz, A. Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Poststroke epilepsy: update and future directions
Stroke is among the most common causes of epilepsy after middle age. Patients with poststroke epilepsy (PSE) differ in several respects from patients with other forms of structural–metabolic epilepsy; not least in age, age-related sensitivity to side effects of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and specific drug–drug interaction issues related to secondary-stroke prophylaxis. Encouragingly, there has lately been remarkable activity in the study of PSE. Three developments in PSE research deserve particular focus. First, large prospective trials have established the incidence and risk factors of PSE in the setting of m...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders - August 14, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Zelano, J. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Eletriptan in the management of acute migraine: an update on the evidence for efficacy, safety, and consistent response
Migraine is a multifactorial, neurological and disabling disorder, also characterized by several autonomic symptoms. Triptans, selective serotonin 5-HT1B/1D agonists, are the first-line treatment option for moderate-to-severe headache attacks. In this paper, we review the recent data on eletriptan clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerability, and potential clinically relevant interactions with other drugs. Among triptans, eletriptan shows a consistent and significant clinical efficacy and a good tolerability profile in the treatment of migraine, especially for patients with cardiovascular risk factors without coronary arter...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders - August 14, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Capi, M., Curto, M., Lionetto, L., de Andres, F., Gentile, G., Negro, A., Martelletti, P. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

The physiological basis of therapies for cerebellar ataxias
Cerebellar ataxias represent a group of heterogeneous disorders impacting on activities of daily living and quality of life. Various therapies have been proposed to improve symptoms in cerebellar ataxias. This review examines the physiological background of the various treatments currently administered worldwide. We analyze the mechanisms of action of drugs with a focus on aminopyridines and other antiataxic medications, of noninvasive cerebellar stimulation, and of motor rehabilitation. Considering the cerebellum as a controller, we propose the novel concept of ‘restorable stage’. Because of its unique anatomi...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders - August 14, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Mitoma, H., Manto, M. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Children with multiple sclerosis should not become therapeutic hostages
Conclusions: pMS is rare. Neither FDA nor EMA prioritize compounds for potential benefit in pMS. The EMA in particular orders multiple pMS studies, which will probably not recruit enough patients. Therefore, it is likely that the pMS trial outcomes will not be relevant for evidence-based medicine analyses, clinical practice and a pMS label for the respective drug. EMA requests for multiple pediatric studies have been described in metastasized adolescent melanoma, another very rare pediatric disease. The terms ‘ghost studies’ and ‘therapeutic hostages’ have been proposed for such trials and children ...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders - August 14, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Rose, K., Müller, T. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Combination treatment of fingolimod with antidepressants in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients with depression: a multicentre, open-label study - REGAIN
Conclusions: Combination of fingolimod with antidepressant medication showed no unexpected safety signals. Patient-reported outcomes (QoL, disability, fatigue and depression) remained stable or improved. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders - August 14, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Bayas, A., Schuh, K., Baier, M., Vormfelde, S. V., for the REGAIN Study Group, Koppai-Reiner, Strauss, Haerting, Wiehler, Boehringer, Laumen, Christopher, Pfeiffer, Hofmann, Horn, Lauter, Polzer, Halbgewachs, Siever, Honig, Mahler, Kuhlgert, Weber, Bischo Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Evaluation of positive and negative predictors of seizure outcomes among patients with immune-mediated epilepsy: a meta-analysis
Conclusions: Among published cases to date, older age, presence of cell-surface antibodies, early diagnosis and immunomodulatory treatment are associated with better seizure outcomes among patients with autoimmune epilepsy. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders - August 14, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Dubey, D., Farzal, Z., Hays, R., Brown, L. S., Vernino, S. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Novel oral anticoagulants for the secondary prevention of cerebral ischemia: a network meta-analysis
Conclusions: The three NOACs showed differences in terms of safety and efficacy for secondary stroke prevention in NVAF. Our findings can serve only as hypothesis generation and require independent confirmation in head-to-head RCTs, owing to the sparse available evidence and increased uncertainty in both indirect effect estimates and ranking of treatments. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders - August 14, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Katsanos, A. H., Mavridis, D., Parissis, J., Deftereos, S., Frogoudaki, A., Vrettou, A.-R., Ikonomidis, I., Chondrogianni, M., Safouris, A., Filippatou, A., Voumvourakis, K., Triantafyllou, N., Ellul, J., Karapanayiotides, T., Giannopoulos, S., Alexandrov Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting for symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Conclusions: PTAS is associated with adverse early and long-term outcomes and should not be recommended in patients with sICAS. Further research to identify subgroups of patients who could also serve as candidates for future interventional trials along with efforts to reduce procedure-related complications are needed. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders - August 14, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Tsivgoulis, G., Katsanos, A. H., Magoufis, G., Kargiotis, O., Papadimitropoulos, G., Vadikolias, K., Karapanayiotides, T., Ellul, J., Alexandrov, A. W., Mitsias, P. D., Alexandrov, A. V. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Dimethyl fumarate may still have a role in progressive multiple sclerosis
(Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders - June 20, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Plantone, D., De Angelis, F., Doshi, A., Chataway, J. Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research