Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer: latest developments and clinical potential
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. The vast majority of patients are diagnosed with metastatic disease with a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. After first-line chemotherapy or biomarker-matched targeted therapy, only suitable for a small group of patients, further systemic therapy options rendered very limited, if any, benefit until recently. Checkpoint inhibitors have significantly improved outcomes in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and are currently an established second-line therapeutic option. In this manuscript, we review the mechanism of action of ...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology - October 13, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Schvartsman, G., Ferrarotto, R., Massarelli, E. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Multimodality treatment of brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma in the era of targeted therapy
In patients with renal cancer, brain metastasis is associated with poor survival and high morbidity. Poor life expectancy is often associated with widespread extracranial metastases. In such patients, a multidisciplinary approach is paramount. Brain metastases-specific therapies may include surgery, radiosurgery, conventional radiation and targeted therapies (TT) or a combination of these treatments. Some factors are important prognostically when choosing the best strategy: performance status, the number, size and location of brain metastases, the extension of systemic metastases and a well-controlled primary tumour. Failu...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology - October 13, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Maria, B., Antonella, V., Michela, R., Silvana, G., Anita, S., Anna Maria, A., Chiara, D., Paolo, M. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Resistance to therapy in estrogen receptor positive and human epidermal growth factor 2 positive breast cancers: progress with latest therapeutic strategies
In this article, we focus on the subtype of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer (BC). Preclinical and clinical data indicate a complex molecular bidirectional crosstalk between the ER and HER2 pathways. This crosstalk probably constitutes one of the key mechanisms of drug resistance in this subclass of BC. Delaying or even reversing drug resistance seems possible by targeting pathways implicated in this crosstalk. High-risk patients currently receive anti-HER2 therapy, chemotherapy and endocrine therapy in the adjuvant setting. In metastatic cases, most patients re...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology - October 13, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Lousberg, L., Collignon, J., Jerusalem, G. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Long-term survival in a patient with glioblastoma on antipsychotic therapy for schizophrenia: a case report and literature review
Glioblastoma is not only the most common primary brain tumor, but also the most aggressive. Currently, the most effective treatment of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy allows for a modest median survival of 15 months. Here, we report a case of a 57-year-old male with histologically confirmed glioblastoma with unfavorable prognostic characteristics (poor performance status and persistent neurological symptoms after surgery), whose expected 5-year survival is 0%. Further genetic analysis offered a mixed prognostic picture with positive methylation of 0-6-methylguinine-DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) methyltransferase ...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology - October 13, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Faraz, S., Pannullo, S., Rosenblum, M., Smith, A., Wernicke, A. G. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Fertility preservation in males with cancer: 16-year monocentric experience of sperm banking and post-thaw reproductive outcomes
Conclusions: Fertility preservation before gonadotoxic therapy is of great importance to patients with cancer and must be indicate before the start of treatment. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology - October 13, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Depalo, R., Falagario, D., Masciandaro, P., Nardelli, C., Vacca, M. P., Capuano, P., Specchia, G., Battaglia, M. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Neurokinin-1 inhibitors in the prevention of nausea and vomiting from highly emetogenic chemotherapy: a network meta-analysis
A network meta-analysis of the comparative effectiveness of neurokinin 1 (NK-1) inhibitors in the prophylaxis of highly emetogenic chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting has been conducted. Eligible studies included randomized trials evaluating aprepitant, fosaprepitant, netupitant (NEPA), casopitant and rolapitant containing regimens in the setting of highly emetogenic chemotherapy. Primary outcomes of interest include complete response (CR) and rate of no significant nausea. After preclusion of ineligible studies, 19 studies were included in the final analysis. The majority of the regimens containing NK-1 inhibitors (i...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology - August 7, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Abdel-Rahman, O. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Targeting intratumoral androgens: statins and beyond
While initially effective, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is not curative, and nearly all men with advanced prostate cancer will eventually progress to the more resistant, and ultimately lethal form of the disease, so called castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The maintenance of androgens within the prostate cancer microenvironment likely represents one of the key mechanisms by which this transition from hormone-sensitive to CRPC occurs. This can be accomplished either through intratumoral androgen biosynthesis or the active transport of androgens and androgenic precursors into the tumor microenvironment. More...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology - August 7, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Schweizer, M. T., Yu, E. Y. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Emergency therapy for liver metastases from advanced VIPoma: surgery or transarterial chemoembolization?
VIPoma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor (NET) with a high potential to develop hepatic metastases and poor prognosis. The primitive tumor is nonsymptomatic and usually localized within the pancreas. Liver metastasis drives the prognosis and induces profuse watery diarrhea or renal failure. We herein present severe renal failure or diarrhea in two patients hospitalized in intensive care justifying emergency treatment of liver metastasis. The two patients experienced severe diarrhea due to a hypersecretion of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) from liver metastasis released into the blood circulation. Therapeutic management w...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology - August 7, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Dreanic, J., Lepere, C., El Hajjam, M., Gouya, H., Rougier, P., Coriat, R. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Hedgehog pathway inhibition in advanced basal cell carcinoma: latest evidence and clinical usefulness
Treatment of locally advanced basal cell carcinomas (laBCCs) with large, aggressive, destructive, and disfiguring tumors, or metastatic disease is challenging. Dysregulation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has been identified in the vast majority of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). There are two United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA)-approved Hh pathway inhibitors (HPIs) that exhibit antitumor activity in advanced BCC with an acceptable safety profile. Common adverse effects include muscle spasms, dysgeusia, alopecia, fatigue, nausea and weight loss. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology - August 7, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Silapunt, S., Chen, L., Migden, M. R. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Strategies to modulate the immune system in breast cancer: checkpoint inhibitors and beyond
Is breast cancer (BC) immunogenic? Many data suggest that it is. Many observations demonstrated the prognostic role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in triple negative (TN) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)-positive BC. TNBCs are poorly differentiated tumors with high genetic instability and very high heterogeneity. This heterogeneity enhances the ‘danger signals’ and select clone variants that could be more antigenic or, in other words, that could more strongly stimulate a host immune antitumor response. The response to chemotherapy is at least partly dependent on an immunological re...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology - August 7, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Migali, C., Milano, M., Trapani, D., Criscitiello, C., Esposito, A., Locatelli, M., Minchella, I., Curigliano, G. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Concepts and targets in triple-negative breast cancer: recent results and clinical implications
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease in which tumors are defined by lack of expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), the progesterone receptor (PR), and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) receptor. No targeted therapies are available for the treatment of TNBC, and chemotherapy remains the standard of care. Gene expression profiling has identified six distinct molecular subtypes of TNBC. The identification of novel targets, coupled with the development of therapies for different subsets of TNBC, holds great promise for the future treatment of this aggressive form of breast cancer...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology - August 7, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Saha, P., Nanda, R. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Neratinib in HER-2-positive breast cancer: results to date and clinical usefulness
The management of HER-2-positive breast cancer has improved significantly with the use of targeted agents to the HER-2 signaling pathway. Despite the improved survival achieved with the use of trastuzumab and chemotherapy in both the adjuvant and metastatic setting, patients may still recur or progress; whilst preclinical data demonstrate that these cancer cells remain addicted to the HER-2 oncogene. Neratinib, an oral small molecule tyrosine-kinase inhibitor has efficacy in the metastatic and adjuvant setting of patients who have previously received trastuzumab-based treatment. Diarrhea, being a class effect of tyrosine-k...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology - August 7, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Chan, A. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation for cT1a renal masses in poor surgical candidates: mid-term, single-center outcomes
Conclusions: Percutaneous RFA of small RCCs using ultrasound-based guidance under local anesthesia can be an effective alternative method for managing patients who are unfit for surgery. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology - August 7, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Zachos, I., Dimitropoulos, K., Karatzas, A., Samarinas, M., Petsiti, A., Tassoudis, V., Tzortzis, V. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Safety of long-term exposure to abiraterone acetate in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer and concomitant cardiovascular risk factors
Conclusions: Long-term abiraterone treatment was well tolerated in mCRPC patients with controlled cardiovascular comorbidities/risk factors, with no apparent worsening of cardiovascular conditions from baseline over an extended observation period. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology - August 7, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Verzoni, E., Grassi, P., Ratta, R., Niger, M., De Braud, F., Valdagni, R., Procopio, G. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Exosome-mediated drug resistance in cancer: the near future is here
(Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology - August 7, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Giallombardo, M., Taverna, S., Alessandro, R., Hong, D., Rolfo, C. Tags: Editorial Source Type: research