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Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Women
This article provides a clinical overview of BDD, including BDD in women. (Source: The Psychiatric Clinics of North America)
Source: The Psychiatric Clinics of North America - June 1, 2023 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Katharine A. Phillips, Leah C. Susser Source Type: research

Examining Associations Between Women ’s Mental Health and Obesity
This article summarizes the existing literature on the associations between women ’s mental health and obesity. Understanding this association will lead to better health outcomes. (Source: The Psychiatric Clinics of North America)
Source: The Psychiatric Clinics of North America - June 1, 2023 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jennifer V.A. Kemp, Vivek Kumar, April Saleem, Gabrielle Hashman, Mashael Hussain, Valerie H. Taylor Source Type: research

Working with Survivors of Sex Trafficking
Human trafficking is one of the largest criminal enterprises in the world, generating an estimated $150 billion in illegal profits annually. Sex trafficking is the most common form of human trafficking, and survivors experience significant physical, emotional, and sexual trauma that places them at increased risk of poor health outcomes. As sex trafficking continues to disproportionately impact the physical and mental health of individuals belonging to marginalized groups, a multidisciplinary approach to combat trafficking will require collaboration between health services, law enforcement, and social services. Therefore, m...
Source: The Psychiatric Clinics of North America - June 1, 2023 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Abigail H. Conley, Kellie E. Carlyle, Gary Cuddeback, Susan G. Kornstein Source Type: research

Sex Differences in the Neurobiology of Stress
This review highlights the existing knowledge and data that explain the physiologic impacts of stress, especially pertaining to neurobiology, and how these impacts differ by sex. Furthermore, this review explains the benefits of interventions aimed at preventing or mitigating the adverse effects of stress, because of both the significant toll of stress on the body and the disproportionate impact of these changes experienced by women. (Source: The Psychiatric Clinics of North America)
Source: The Psychiatric Clinics of North America - May 29, 2023 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Hannah Stadtler, Gretchen N. Neigh Source Type: research

Menopause and Mood
Depression is a disabling condition that often leads to significant burden. Women are more vulnerable to depression during reproductive-related “windows of vulnerability” such as the menopause transition and early postmenopausal years. This heightened vulnerability can be attributed, at least in part, to the neuromodulatory effects of estrogen on mood and cognition and the exposure to rapid fluctuations of estradiol levels during midlif e years. The management of midlife depression can be challenging due to the presence and severity of other complaints such as vasomotor symptoms and sleep disturbances. Psychopharmacolo...
Source: The Psychiatric Clinics of North America - May 27, 2023 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Claudio N. Soares Source Type: research

Schizophrenia in Women
This article addresses the current evidence for difference. (Source: The Psychiatric Clinics of North America)
Source: The Psychiatric Clinics of North America - May 27, 2023 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Mary V. Seeman Source Type: research

Sleep and Women ’s Mental Health
Women have increased risks for both sleep disturbances and disorders and for mental health issues throughout their lives, starting in adolescence. Women have a higher prevalence of insomnia disorder and restless legs syndrome (RLS) versus men, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is more likely as women age. Hormonal transitions are important to consider in women ’s sleep. For women, insomnia, OSA, and RLS are predictive of depression, and insomnia and sleep-disordered breathing are predictive of Alzheimer disease. These findings underscore the importance of assessment, treatment, and future research examining sleep and men...
Source: The Psychiatric Clinics of North America - May 27, 2023 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Meredith E. Rumble, Paul Okoyeh, Ruth M. Benca Source Type: research

Racial/Ethnic Disparities and Women ’s Mental Health
Racial and ethnic disparities are apparent in many areas of health care. Within mental health, women experience increased rates of some mental health disorders particularly noted within the reproductive life cycle starting at puberty and ending with the menopause transition. Hormone and endocrine processes along with individual vulnerability and various stressors all likely play a major role. Among these women, a disproportionate number are racial and ethnic minorities in the United States. Cultural influences and systemic barriers are explored to provide competent and necessary mental health care for women. (Source: The P...
Source: The Psychiatric Clinics of North America - May 27, 2023 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Nina Ballone, Erica Richards Source Type: research

Mental Health Disparities in Sexual Minority and Transgender Women
Minority stress theory offers an explanation of how discrimination, marginalization, harassment, and violence against sexual minority and transgender women are connected to mental health disparities. Particularly, these groups are vulnerable to body image issues, disordered eating, higher rates of mood and anxiety disorders, suicide and nonsuicidal self-injury, and substance use. Discrimination is also experienced within clinical settings, which may lead this population to postpone or avoid treatment. Clinicians play a crucial role in reducing barriers to health care by developing cultural competency and ensuring safe and ...
Source: The Psychiatric Clinics of North America - May 23, 2023 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Kareen M. Matouk, Julie K. Schulman, Julia A.C. Case Source Type: research

Psychiatric Issues in Women Veterans
Women veterans have unique life experiences and mental health needs, perhaps in part related to their high rates of exposure to traumatic events including military sexual trauma, combat trauma, and intimate partner violence. We review mental health difficulties among women veterans and describe related functional impairment. Evidence-based treatments are available, but barriers to care remain, including providers ’ lack of awareness of the unique needs of women veterans. Efforts are needed to increase access to evidence-based interventions, remove barriers to care, and improve provider competency working with this popula...
Source: The Psychiatric Clinics of North America - May 23, 2023 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Elizabeth Alpert, Allison L. Baier, Tara E. Galovski Source Type: research

Women ’s Mental Health
This issue of Psychiatric Clinics of North America on Women ’s Mental Health represents our fourth issue on this topic in the past 20 years. Women’s mental health has broadened in its scope beyond reproductive psychiatry, and research has revealed a greater understanding of sex differences in neuroendocrine systems and the multiple contributions of vario us factors to the onset of psychiatric illness. In addition, there have been exciting advances to improve the care of women, including the availability of the first medication approved by the FDA for postpartum depression. (Source: The Psychiatric Clinics of North America)
Source: The Psychiatric Clinics of North America - May 23, 2023 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Susan G. Kornstein, Anita H. Clayton Tags: Preface Source Type: research

Psychological Aspects of Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. Associated psychological symptoms include stress, adjustment difficulties, anxiety, depression, impaired cognitive function, sleep disturbances, altered body image, sexual dysfunction, and diminished overall well-being. Distress screening and assessment identifies women who will benefit from therapeutic interventions. Addressing these symptoms improves compliance with treatment and outcomes including disease-related outcomes, psychological symptoms, and quality of life. The most effective treatments include teaching coping skills such as expressing emotion, alon...
Source: The Psychiatric Clinics of North America - May 22, 2023 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jennifer Kim Penberthy, Anne Louise Stewart, Caroline F. Centeno, David R. Penberthy Source Type: research

Perinatal Depression
Perinatal depression is a common psychiatric condition that has negative effects on pregnancy and infant outcomes. Screening for the condition is relatively easy and should be done routinely in all medical care of the pregnant and postpartum woman and her infant. The risk –benefit analysis favors the use of antidepressant medications during pregnancy and lactation compared with the risk of untreated maternal depression. Other, nonpharmacological treatments will be discussed as well as new treatments, including a new class of medications that act on the inhibitory G ABAergic neurotransmitter system. (Source: The Psychiatr...
Source: The Psychiatric Clinics of North America - May 21, 2023 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Anne Louise Stewart, Jennifer L. Payne Source Type: research

The Individual and Societal Burden of Treatment-Resistant Depression
Major depressive disorder is characterized by depressed mood and/or anhedonia with neurovegetative symptoms and neurocognitive changes affecting an individual ’s functioning in multiple aspects of life. Treatment outcomes with commonly used antidepressants remain suboptimal. Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) should be considered after inadequate improvement with two or more antidepressant treatments of adequate dose and duration. TRD has been associa ted with increased disease burden including higher associated costs (both socially and financially) affecting both the individual and society. Additional research is need...
Source: The Psychiatric Clinics of North America - May 5, 2023 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Kimberlyn Maravet Baig-Ward, Manish Kumar Jha, Madhukar H. Trivedi Source Type: research

Immune Dysregulation in Treatment-Resistant Depression
This report aims to briefly review the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of depression (and TRD in particular), the role of immune dysfunction to guide precision medicine, tools used to understand immune function, and novel statistical techniques. (Source: The Psychiatric Clinics of North America)
Source: The Psychiatric Clinics of North America - May 5, 2023 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Cherise R. Chin Fatt, Taryn L. Mayes, Madhukar H. Trivedi Source Type: research