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A Novel Algorithm With Paired Predictive Indexes to Stratify the Risk Levels of Neonates With Invasive Bacterial Infections: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Conclusions: The new algorithm constructed for this study was a valuable tool to screen neonates with suspected infection. It stratified risk levels of IBIs and had an excellent predictive performance. (Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal)
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - March 23, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Maternal-Neonatal Reports Source Type: research

Molds and More: Rare Fungal Infections in Preterm Infants
Background: Extreme immature infants are at an increased risk of fungal infection due to immaturity of the skin barrier and the immune system. Besides Candida infections, in particular, Aspergillus may cause life-threatening diseases in preterm infants. Frequently, Aspergillus primarily affects the skin and may cause extensive damage. Methods: We searched our hospital database for fungal infections other than Candida in preterm infants treated between 2015 and 2020 at our level III neonatal intensive care unit of the University Hospital of Cologne. Results: In total, 13 preterm infants were identified. Of...
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - March 23, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Maternal-Neonatal Reports Source Type: research

Postnatal Cytomegalovirus Infection of Preterm and Very-low-birth-weight Infants Through Maternal Breast Milk: Does It Matter?
Conclusions: About half of preterm and very-low-birth-weight infants exposed to CMV-positive BM become infected, and a fifth develop significant clinical symptoms. Future studies should address the maternal and neonatal factors that determine the risk of mother-to-infant CMV transmission, as well as those leading to clinical deterioration and long-term sequelae. (Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal)
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - March 23, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Maternal-Neonatal Reports Source Type: research

Intraventricular Vancomycin Treatment for Shunt-related Ventriculitis Caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in a Preterm Infant: A Case Report
We report a case of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt in a premature neonate which failed conventional intravenous treatment. Despite the absence of published guidelines, we used available data and expert advice to treat the patient with intraventricular vancomycin. The treatment was successful in eradicating the infection without observed toxicity. This case highlights the need for international guidelines on intraventricular treatment for neonates. (Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal)
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - March 23, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Maternal-Neonatal Reports Source Type: research

Severe Congenital Syphilis in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Case Series
Conclusion: CS can be associated with HIE, PPHN and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy in affected infants. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion and include CS in their differential diagnoses. This study also highlights the importance of adequate treatment of identified cases and screening during the third trimester and at delivery. (Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal)
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - March 23, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Maternal-Neonatal Reports Source Type: research

Outcome of Viral-associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis at a Tertiary Hospital
Conclusions: In our small cohort, viral-associated HLH was more frequently encountered in children with genetic predisposition to HLH or children with underlying immunodeficiency. In addition, we found that the outcome is overall good for children who have no genetic predisposition to HLH and children with genetic predisposition who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. (Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal)
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - March 23, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Immunology and Host Response Source Type: research

Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt Infections in Children: Do Hematologic and Cerebrospinal Fluid White Cells Examinations Correlate With the Type of Infection?
Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt infections in children represent an increasing problem in clinical practice. However, comprehensive clinical, laboratory and microbiologic data are scarce in pediatric age. Methods: We conducted a 10-year retrospective study to (1) analyze clinical, laboratory and microbiologic parameters associated with infections in children; (2) analyze results according to the type of catheter (medicated or not), type of infection (first or relapses), type of hydrocephalus (acquired and congenital), presence or not of bacteriemia; (3) describe antibiotic susceptibilities and their ...
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - March 23, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Immunology and Host Response Source Type: research

Very Low Incidence of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza and RSV but High Incidence of Rhino-, Adeno- and Endemic Coronaviruses in Children With Acute Respiratory Infection in Primary Care Pediatric Practices During the Second and Third Wave of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Respiratory viruses were detected by multiplex-polymerase chain reaction from oropharyngeal swabs in 114/168 (67.9%) children with acute respiratory infection presenting to 5 pediatric practices in Germany between November 2020 and April 2021. In contrast to rhino- (48.8%), adeno- (14.3%) and endemic coronaviruses (14.9%), SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus were detected only once; respiratory syncytial virus was not detected. This demonstrates differing impacts of pandemic infection control measures on the spread of respiratory viruses. (Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal)
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - March 23, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: COVID Reports Source Type: research

Fatal SARS-CoV-2-Associated Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-producing Staphylococcal Bacteremia: A Nationwide Multicenter Cohort Study
We reviewed all cases of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus (PVL-SA) bacteremia in Danish children between 2016 and 2021. We found 2 fatal cases with preceding viral prodrome due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Given the usual benign course of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, awareness of possible superinfection with PVL-SA in a child with rapid deterioration is crucial to ensure adequate treatment, including antimicrobial drugs with antitoxin effect. (Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal)
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - March 23, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: COVID Reports Source Type: research

Bloodstream Infections in Children With Sickle Cell Disease: 2010–2019
No abstract available (Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal)
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - March 23, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Abstracts Source Type: research

Distinguishing Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children From COVID-19, Kawasaki Disease and Toxic Shock Syndrome
Background: Distinguishing multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Kawasaki disease (KD), and toxic shock syndrome (TSS) can be challenging. Because clinical management of these conditions can vary, timely and accurate diagnosis is essential. Methods: Data were collected from patients (Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal)
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - March 23, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: COVID Reports Source Type: research

Pediatric Long COVID and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Overlaps and Opportunities
No abstract available (Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal)
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - March 23, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: COVID Reports Source Type: research

Determinants of Disclosure, Adherence and Viral Suppression in Children and Adolescents Living With HIV in Ecuador: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Studies on HIV disclosure and adherence among children performed in Latin America are anecdotal. We aimed to assess the factors associated with HIV disclosure, adherence and viral suppression among Ecuadorian children and compare the psychologic consequences and the impact on adherence and viral suppression of early against late disclosure age. Methods: Cross-sectional study using a questionnaire and collected data on medical records of HIV-infected children between 6 and 21 years of age in Ecuador. Results: In 250 children included, HIV diagnosis was revealed at a median age of 11 years (p25-...
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - March 23, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV Reports Source Type: research

HIV Drug Resistance in Kenyan Infants Diagnosed With HIV and Their Mothers
The presence and type of HIV drug resistance mutations among 5 infants diagnosed with HIV were assessed and compared with their mothers’ viral mutations. Mother and infant blood samples were sequenced and screened for HIV drug resistance mutations using the Stanford HIV Sequence Database. Three of 5 (60%) mother-infant pairs harbored HIV drug resistance mutations. (Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal)
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - March 23, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV Reports Source Type: research

Incidence, Reinfection, and Discrepancy Between Sexual Practice and Anatomic Site Positivity of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Youth With HIV
Conclusions: AYAs with HIV in Atlanta have disproportionately high first and recurrent incidence rates of STIs, with many patients not reporting exposure at their site of infection. There is considerable need to increase screening for STIs, including routine extragenital testing for GC and CT, among AYAs with HIV regardless of self-reported exposure history. (Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal)
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - March 23, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV Reports Source Type: research