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Imported Infectious Diseases, Tropical Diseases and Local Endemic Infectious Diseases in Japan
We aimed to describe the historical perspectives and the current epidemiology of tropical, imported and local endemic infectious diseases in Japan in this review. Public health legislation for infectious diseases and immigration statistics were overviewed to provide the background of the infectious disease situation in Japan. Many tropical diseases were successfully controlled and eliminated in the latter half of the 20th century and the majority of those diseases are imported today. The trend of the main 15 imported infectious diseases before the advent of COVID-19 was summarized as well as local endemic infectious diseas...
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - June 13, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

A Yersiniabactin-producing Klebsiella aerogenes Strain Causing an Outbreak in an Austrian Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Conclusion: This is the first report of an outbreak of a yersiniabactin-producing K. aerogenes strain causing invasive infection in preterm infants. We hypothesize that, due to improved iron uptake, this strain was associated with higher virulence than non-yersiniabactin-producing strains. Extended search for virulence factors and genetic sequencing could be pivotal in the management of NICU outbreaks in the future. (Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal)
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - June 13, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Maternal-Neonatal Reports Source Type: research

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Diagnosis of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection in Spain
We conducted an observational study performed within the Spanish Registry of Children with congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the diagnosis of new cases of cCMV. Our study suggest a significant decrease in the monthly rate of new cCMV diagnoses during the COVID-19 pandemic. (Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal)
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - June 13, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Maternal-Neonatal Reports Source Type: research

Emergence of Congenital Chagas Disease in Ireland
We describe the first 2 infants with congenital Chagas Disease (cCD) in Ireland. Clinicians in nonendemic countries need to be aware of the potential for cCD due to the migration of women from countries of high prevalence. (Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal)
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - June 13, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Maternal-Neonatal Reports Source Type: research

Postnatal Cytomegalovirus Infection: Is it Important? A 10-Year Retrospective Case-control Study of Characteristics and Outcomes in Very Preterm and Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Background: To determine the characteristics and outcomes of postnatal cytomegalovirus (pCMV) infection in preterm infants in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: A retrospective, matched case-control study in a tertiary NICU. Infants born between January 2009 and December 2019, (Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal)
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - June 13, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Maternal-Neonatal Reports Source Type: research

Screening for Immunodeficiencies in Children With Invasive Pneumococcal Disease: Six-year Experience From a UK Children’s Hospital
Conclusions: We identified clinically relevant abnormal immunological findings in 4/51 (8%) of children with IPD. Our results support the recommendation to perform immunological investigations in children with IPD, since this might reveal underlying immunodeficiencies, allowing for necessary preventive measures and close follow-up. (Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal)
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - June 13, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Immunology and Host Response Source Type: research

Coagulation Abnormalities and Management in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients With COVID-19
Conclusions: Although abnormal findings in coagulation profile were very common, they were not associated with risk for VTE even in severe cases. A trend of normalization early in the course of the disease was observed regardless of the use of anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis. (Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal)
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - June 13, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: COVID Reports Source Type: research

SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load Quantification, Clinical Findings and Outcomes in Children Seeking Emergency Department Care: Prospective Cohort Study
We compared the perfomance of SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). 95% and 40% of positive and negative RT-PCR specimens, respectively, were positive on ddPCR yielding sensitivities of 84% (95% CI: 74, 91) and 97% (95% CI: 89, 99), for RT-PCR and ddPCR, respectively. We found that SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing in children has a concerning false-negative rate at lower nucleocapsid gene copy numbers. (Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal)
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - June 13, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: COVID Reports Source Type: research

Multistate Outbreak of Melioidosis Associated With Imported Aromatherapy Spray
No abstract available (Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal)
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - June 13, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Abstracts Source Type: research

The Impact of Maternal Syphilis and Associated Factors on HIV Vertical Transmission
Maternal syphilis may increase HIV vertical transmission or it may be a marker of other risk factors. In a Brazilian historical series, HIV vertical transmission risk was higher in newborns exposed to maternal syphilis-HIV co-infection than in newborns exposed to maternal HIV infection alone. Maternal syphilis was a risk factor for HIV vertical transmission independent of education and prenatal visits but not independent of maternal elevated HIV viral loads or inadequate maternal antiretroviral treatment. (Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal)
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - June 13, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV Reports Source Type: research

Solithromycin in Children and Adolescents With Community-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia
Conclusions: Intravenous and oral solithromycin were generally well-tolerated and associated with clinical improvement in the majority of participants treated for CABP. (Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal)
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - June 13, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Antimicrobial Reports Source Type: research

Extended Versus Standard Antibiotic Course Duration in Children
Conclusions: Among children hospitalized with pneumonia and at-risk of chronic respiratory illnesses, an extended antibiotic course was not superior to a standard course at achieving clinical cure at 4 weeks. Additional research will identify if an extended course provides longer-term benefits. (Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal)
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - June 13, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Antimicrobial Reports Source Type: research

Systematic Endotracheal Aspiration in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Reduces Broad-spectrum Antibiotic Use for Ventilator-associated Pneumonia
Aim: To determine the impact of a systematic endotracheal aspiration (ETA) sampling program for mechanically ventilated patients on initial antibiotic therapy for ventilator-acquired pneumonia (VAP). Design: Retrospective cohort study; before-after study design. Setting: Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with 16 medical and surgical beds in a tertiary teaching hospital. Subjects: Patients (Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal)
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - June 13, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Antimicrobial Reports Source Type: research

Management and Outcome of Febrile Infants ≤60 days, With Emphasis on Infants ≤21 Days Old, in Swedish Pediatric Emergency Departments
Conclusions: The rates of LP, blood culture and broad-spectrum antibiotics were low. Despite that, there were few delayed-treated IBIs, but 2 of the 17 infants ≤21 days of age with IBI were not timely treated, which prompts the need for a safer approach for this age group. Also, the utility of routine blood culture for all febrile infants 29–60 days old could be questioned. (Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal)
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - June 13, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Original Studies Source Type: research

Spondylodiscitis in Pediatric Age: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Background: Pediatric spondylodiscitis is rare, hardly diagnosed and treated due to the nonspecificity of clinical presentation and laboratory investigations, difficulty of etiologic identification and lack of management guidelines. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 29 children with spondylodiscitis. Clinical, hematic and radiologic data were collected and compared between 2 age-subgroups (below and from 4 years old on) to investigate age-related differences. Epidemiologic, management and follow-up data were also described. Results: Slight male predominance and a peak of incidence (Source: T...
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - June 13, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Original Studies Source Type: research