The Vessels Shaping Mental Health or Illness.
Authors: Baruah J, Vasudevan A
Abstract
The mammalian brain receives the lion's share of the body's blood supply and is a highly vascularized organ. The vascular and nervous systems arise at two distinct time points of embryogenesis; however, their functions tend to overlap or complement each other in the growth promoting milieu of the embryonic Central Nervous System (CNS). The pre-existing idea that mental disorders are a direct result from defects solely in neuronal populations and networks is gradually changing. Several studies have implicated blood vessel pathologies and blood flow changes in mental h...
Source: The Open Neurology Journal - April 17, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Open Neurol J Source Type: research
Alzheimer ´s Disease in the Perspective of Neuroimmunology.
Conclusion: Nevertheless, from the pathophysiological perspective AD is significantly more than a loss of memory. In the initial stages of AD pathogenesis, variations in the dopaminergic pathway along with serotonin diminution play an important role. This may explain why depression is associated with the onset of AD. All these pathophysiological events take place together with immunomodulatory changes that trigger tau oligomerization in the course of neurofibrillary tangles formation. Interestingly, mood disorders appear to be followed by neuroinflammatory processes and structural/functional alterations that lead to cognit...
Source: The Open Neurology Journal - August 5, 2018 Category: Neurology Tags: Open Neurol J Source Type: research
The Rationale for Monitoring Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis: Practical Issues for Clinicians.
Authors: Bakirtzis C, Ioannidis P, Messinis L, Nasios G, Konstantinopoulou E, Papathanasopoulos P, Grigoriadis N
Abstract
About half of patients with multiple sclerosis exhibit cognitive impairment which negatively affects their quality of life. The assessment of cognitive function in routine clinical practice is still undervalued, although various tools have been proposed for this reason. In this article, we describe the potential benefits of implementing cognitive assessment tools in routine follow -ups of MS patients. Early detection of changes in cognitive performance may provide evidence of disease ac...
Source: The Open Neurology Journal - July 18, 2018 Category: Neurology Tags: Open Neurol J Source Type: research
Dystonia in Patients with Spinocerebellar Ataxia 3 - Machado-Joseph disease: An Underestimated Diagnosis?
Conclusion: Dystonia in SCA3 is frequent and displays highly variable clinical profiles and severity grades. Dystonia is therefore a present symptom in SCA3, which may precede the SCA3 classic symptoms. Dystonia diagnosis is yet to be properly recognized within SCA3 patient.
PMID: 30008965 [PubMed] (Source: The Open Neurology Journal)
Source: The Open Neurology Journal - July 18, 2018 Category: Neurology Tags: Open Neurol J Source Type: research
Cognitive and Language Deficits in Multiple Sclerosis: Comparison of Relapsing Remitting and Secondary Progressive Subtypes.
Conclusion: We conclude that MS patients, irrespective of clinical subtype, have cognitive deficits compared to healthy participants, which become increasingly worse when they convert from RRMS to SPMS.On the contrary,the pattern of impairment remains relatively stable.
PMID: 29576812 [PubMed] (Source: The Open Neurology Journal)
Source: The Open Neurology Journal - March 27, 2018 Category: Neurology Tags: Open Neurol J Source Type: research
A High-fat and High-Cholesterol Diet Potentiates Oxidative Damage in Hippocampus of Mice Lacking Apolipoprotein E.
Conclusion: This highlights the degree to which ApoE deficiency places hippocampal tissue at risk for oxidative damage. Even a modest dietary deficiency may be sufficient to provoke oxidative damage to hippocampal tissue. These results highlight the combinatorial impact of genetic and dietary deficiencies on oxidative damage to hippocampal tissue.
PMID: 29541261 [PubMed] (Source: The Open Neurology Journal)
Source: The Open Neurology Journal - March 18, 2018 Category: Neurology Tags: Open Neurol J Source Type: research
Hospital Mortality Among Elderly Patients Admitted With Neurological Disorders Was Not Predicted by any Particular Diagnosis in a Tertiary Medical Center.
Conclusion: Neither a particular ND nor an individual comorbidity predicted hospital mortality. Age and low socioeconomic class accounted for 9% of predictors. We suggest evaluating whether functional, cognitive, or comorbidity scores will improve the risk model of hospital mortality in elderly patients admitted with ND.
PMID: 29456768 [PubMed] (Source: The Open Neurology Journal)
Source: The Open Neurology Journal - February 21, 2018 Category: Neurology Tags: Open Neurol J Source Type: research
Successful Nonoperative Treatment of a Lumbar Spine Extension Injury with Disruption of all Three Bony Columns in a Patient with Ankylosing Spondylitis - A Case Report.
Conclusion: This case supports our hypothesis that the fracture pattern is an important factor in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and adds to the body of knowledge in the scientific literature concerning non-operative treatment of fractures in patients with ankylosed spines. Further study is required to determine whether ours is an isolated case or whether this applies to a wider population of ankylosing spondylitis patients.
PMID: 29399213 [PubMed] (Source: The Open Neurology Journal)
Source: The Open Neurology Journal - February 6, 2018 Category: Neurology Tags: Open Neurol J Source Type: research
Omega-3 Hastens and Omega-6 Delays the Progression of Neuropathology in a Murine Model of Familial ALS.
Conclusion: In the absence of a cure or treatment, affected individuals may resort to popular nutritional supplements such as Ω-3 as a form of "self-medication". However, our findings and those of other laboratories indicate that such an approach could be harmful. Our findings suggest that a critical balance of Ω-6 and Ω-3 may temporarily preserve motor neuron function during the terminal stages of ALS, which could provide a substantial improvement in quality of life for affected individuals and their caregivers.
PMID: 29387280 [PubMed] (Source: The Open Neurology Journal)
Source: The Open Neurology Journal - February 2, 2018 Category: Neurology Tags: Open Neurol J Source Type: research
Enhanced Phosphorylation of Bax and Its Translocation into Mitochondria in the Brains of Individuals Affiliated with Alzheimer's Disease.
Conclusion: The amount of phospho-p38 kinase is increased in AD brains and the activated p38 kinase appears to phosphorylate Thr residue(s) of Bax, which leads to its mitochondrial translocation, contributing to apoptosis and ultimately, neurodegeneration.
PMID: 29290835 [PubMed] (Source: The Open Neurology Journal)
Source: The Open Neurology Journal - January 3, 2018 Category: Neurology Tags: Open Neurol J Source Type: research
Do Cannabinoids Confer Neuroprotection Against Epilepsy? An Overview.
Conclusion: The notion is supported by a variety of anatomical, electrophysiological, biochemical and pharmacological findings. These data suggest the need for developing novel treatments using compounds that selectively target individual elements of the endocannabinoid signalling system.
PMID: 29290836 [PubMed] (Source: The Open Neurology Journal)
Source: The Open Neurology Journal - January 3, 2018 Category: Neurology Tags: Open Neurol J Source Type: research
Clinical Outcomes of Repeated Intraventricular Transplantation of Autologous Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Chronic Haemorrhagic Stroke. A One-Year Follow Up.
Conclusion: Intraventricular transplantation of BM-MSCs has shown benefits in improving the functional status of post-haemorrhagic stroke patients with no adverse effect.
PMID: 29290837 [PubMed] (Source: The Open Neurology Journal)
Source: The Open Neurology Journal - January 3, 2018 Category: Neurology Tags: Open Neurol J Source Type: research
Lumbar Spinal Angiolipoma with Expanding Left Neural Foramen Mimicking Lumbar Schwannoma; Case Report and Review of The Literature.
Conclusion: The research shows that a probable diagnosis in such tumor cases could be made by sufficient pre-op scanning before surgical operations and although angiolipoma has been rarely seen in lumbar posterolateral space, it can be seen in lumbar region and mimic schwannoma as producing symptoms and signs of spinal cord and nerve root compression.
PMID: 29151988 [PubMed] (Source: The Open Neurology Journal)
Source: The Open Neurology Journal - November 21, 2017 Category: Neurology Tags: Open Neurol J Source Type: research
Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and the Modelling of Alzheimer's Disease: The Human Brain Outside the Dish.
Authors: Tong G, Izquierdo P, Raashid RA
Abstract
Background: Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's Disease (AD) are a global health issue primarily in the elderly. Although AD has been investigated using primary cultures, animal models and post-mortem human brain tissues, there are currently no effective treatments.
Summary: With the advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) reprogrammed from fully differentiated adult cells such as skin fibroblasts, newer opportunities have arisen to study the pathophysiology of many diseases in more depth. It is envisioned that iPSCs could be used a...
Source: The Open Neurology Journal - November 21, 2017 Category: Neurology Tags: Open Neurol J Source Type: research
Robot-Embodied Neuronal Networks as an Interactive Model of Learning.
Conclusion: These analyses may contribute to optimization of neuronal-computer interfaces for perceptive and locomotive prosthetic applications. Ex vivo networks display critical alterations in signal patterns following treatment with subcytotoxic concentrations of amyloid-beta. Future studies including comparison of tracking accuracy of embodied networks prepared from mice harboring key mutations with those from normal mice, accompanied with exposure to Abeta and/or other neurotoxins, may provide a useful model system for monitoring subtle impairment of neuronal function as well as normal and abnormal development.
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Source: The Open Neurology Journal - November 21, 2017 Category: Neurology Tags: Open Neurol J Source Type: research
