SCD1 promotes lipid mobilization in subcutaneous white adipose tissue [Research Articles]
In conclusion, our study suggests that SCD1, known as an enzyme for lipid synthesis, plays a role in upregulating lipid mobilization through its desaturation product, OA. (Source: The Journal of Lipid Research)
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - December 1, 2020 Category: Lipidology Authors: Zou, Y., Wang, Y.-N., Ma, H., He, Z.-H., Tang, Y., Guo, L., Liu, Y., Ding, M., Qian, S.-W., Tang, Q.-Q. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Cholesterol transport between red blood cells and lipoproteins contributes to cholesterol metabolism in blood [Research Articles]
Lipoproteins play a key role in transport of cholesterol to and from tissues. Recent studies have also demonstrated that red blood cells (RBCs), which carry large quantities of free cholesterol in their membrane, play an important role in reverse cholesterol transport. However, the exact role of RBCs in systemic cholesterol metabolism is poorly understood. RBCs were incubated with autologous plasma or isolated lipoproteins resulting in a significant net amount of cholesterol moved from RBCs to HDL, while cholesterol from LDL moved in the opposite direction. Furthermore, the bi-directional cholesterol transport between RBCs...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - December 1, 2020 Category: Lipidology Authors: Ohkawa, R., Low, H., Mukhamedova, N., Fu, Y., Lai, S.-J., Sasaoka, M., Hara, A., Yamazaki, A., Kameda, T., Horiuchi, Y., Meikle, P. J., Pernes, G., Lancaster, G., Ditiatkovski, M., Nestel, P., Vaisman, B., Sviridov, D., Murphy, A., Remaley, A. T., Svirido Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Membrane-bound sn-1,2-diacylglycerols explain the dissociation of hepatic insulin resistance from hepatic steatosis in MTTP knockout mice [Research Articles]
Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) deficiency results in a syndrome of hypolipidemia and accelerated NAFLD. Animal models of decreased hepatic MTTP activity have revealed an unexplained dissociation between hepatic steatosis and hepatic insulin resistance. Here, we performed comprehensive metabolic phenotyping of liver-specific MTTP knockout (L-Mttp–/–) mice and age-weight matched wild-type control mice. Young (10–12-week-old) L-Mttp–/– mice exhibited hepatic steatosis and increased DAG content; however, the increase in hepatic DAG content was partitioned to the lipid droplet and ...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - December 1, 2020 Category: Lipidology Authors: Abulizi, A., Vatner, D. F., Ye, Z., Wang, Y., Camporez, J.-P., Zhang, D., Kahn, M., Lyu, K., Sirwi, A., Cline, G. W., Hussain, M. M., Aspichueta, P., Samuel, V. T., Shulman, G. I. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
A review of phosphatidate phosphatase assays [Reviews]
Phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP) catalyzes the penultimate step in the synthesis of triacylglycerol and regulates the synthesis of membrane phospholipids. There is much interest in this enzyme because it controls the cellular levels of its substrate, phosphatidate (PA), and product, DAG; defects in the metabolism of these lipid intermediates are the basis for lipid-based diseases such as obesity, lipodystrophy, and inflammation. The measurement of PAP activity is required for studies aimed at understanding its mechanisms of action, how it is regulated, and for screening its activators and/or inhibitors. Enzyme activity is d...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - December 1, 2020 Category: Lipidology Authors: Dey, P., Han, G.-S., Carman, G. M. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Update on LIPID MAPS classification, nomenclature, and shorthand notation for MS-derived lipid structures [Special Reports]
A comprehensive and standardized system to report lipid structures analyzed by MS is essential for the communication and storage of lipidomics data. Herein, an update on both the LIPID MAPS classification system and shorthand notation of lipid structures is presented for lipid categories Fatty Acyls (FA), Glycerolipids (GL), Glycerophospholipids (GP), Sphingolipids (SP), and Sterols (ST). With its major changes, i.e., annotation of ring double bond equivalents and number of oxygens, the updated shorthand notation facilitates reporting of newly delineated oxygenated lipid species as well. For standardized reporting in lipid...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - December 1, 2020 Category: Lipidology Authors: Liebisch, G., Fahy, E., Aoki, J., Dennis, E. A., Durand, T., Ejsing, C. S., Fedorova, M., Feussner, I., Griffiths, W. J., Köfeler, H., Merrill, A. H., Murphy, R. C., ODonnell, V. B., Oskolkova, O., Subramaniam, S., Wakelam, M. J. O., Spener, F. Tags: Special Reports Source Type: research
Accessible cholesterol is localized in bacterial plasma membrane protrusions [Images In Lipid Research]
(Source: The Journal of Lipid Research)
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - December 1, 2020 Category: Lipidology Authors: Abrams, M. E., Johnson, K. A., Radhakrishnan, A., Alto, N. M. Tags: Images In Lipid Research Source Type: research
Spatial profiling of gangliosides in mouse brain by mass spectrometry imaging [Images In Lipid Research]
(Source: The Journal of Lipid Research)
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - December 1, 2020 Category: Lipidology Authors: Andres, D. A., Young, L. E. A., Gentry, M. S., Sun, R. C. Tags: Images In Lipid Research Source Type: research
Quantification of common and planar bile acids in tissues and cultured cells [Methods]
Bile acids (BAs) have been established as ubiquitous regulatory molecules implicated in a large variety of healthy and pathological processes. However, the scope of BA heterogeneity is often underrepresented in current literature. This is due in part to inadequate detection methods, which fail to distinguish the individual constituents of the BA pool. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to develop a method that would allow the simultaneous analysis of specific C24 BA species, and to apply that method to biological systems of interest. Herein, we describe the generation and validation of an LC-MS/MS assay for quantifica...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - November 1, 2020 Category: Lipidology Authors: Shiffka, S. J., Jones, J. W., Li, L., Farese, A. M., MacVittie, T. J., Wang, H., Swaan, P. W., Kane, M. A. Tags: Methods Source Type: research
A sensitive S-Trap-based approach to the analysis of T cell lipid raft proteome [Methods]
The analysis of T cell lipid raft proteome is challenging due to the highly dynamic nature of rafts and the hydrophobic character of raft-resident proteins. We explored an innovative strategy for bottom-up lipid raftomics based on suspension-trapping (S-Trap) sample preparation. Mouse T cells were prepared from splenocytes by negative immunoselection, and rafts were isolated by a detergent-free method and OptiPrep gradient ultracentrifugation. Microdomains enriched in flotillin-1, LAT, and cholesterol were subjected to proteomic analysis through an optimized protocol based on S-Trap and high pH fractionation, followed by n...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - November 1, 2020 Category: Lipidology Authors: Chhuon, C., Zhang, S.-Y., Jung, V., Lewandowski, D., Lipecka, J., Pawlak, A., Sahali, D., Ollero, M., Guerrera, I. C. Tags: Methods Source Type: research
Genetic susceptibility, dietary cholesterol intake, and plasma cholesterol levels in a Chinese population [Patient-Oriented and Epidemiological Research]
Accompanied with nutrition transition, non-HDL-C levels of individuals in Asian countries has increased rapidly, which has caused the global epicenter of nonoptimal cholesterol to shift from Western countries to Asian countries. Thus, it is critical to underline major genetic and dietary determinants. In the current study of 2,330 Chinese individuals, genetic risk scores (GRSs) were calculated for total cholesterol (TC; GRSTC, 57 SNPs), LDL-C (GRSLDL-C, 45 SNPs), and HDL-C (GRSHDL-C, 65 SNPs) based on SNPs from the Global Lipid Genetics Consortium study. Cholesterol intake was estimated by a 74-item food-frequency question...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - November 1, 2020 Category: Lipidology Authors: Huo, S., Sun, L., Zong, G., Song, B., Zheng, H., Jin, Q., Li, H., Lin, X. Tags: Patient-Oriented and Epidemiological Research Source Type: research
{beta}-Carotene conversion to vitamin A delays atherosclerosis progression by decreasing hepatic lipid secretion in mice [Research Articles]
In this study, we explore whether intact β-carotene or vitamin A affects atherosclerosis progression in the atheroprone LDLR-deficient mice. Compared with control-fed Ldlr–/– mice, β-carotene-supplemented mice showed reduced atherosclerotic lesion size at the level of the aortic root and reduced plasma cholesterol levels. These changes were absent in Ldlr–/–/Bco1–/– mice despite accumulating β-carotene in plasma and atherosclerotic lesions. We discarded the implication of myeloid BCO1 in the development of atherosclerosis by performing bone marrow transplant experiments. L...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - November 1, 2020 Category: Lipidology Authors: Zhou, F., Wu, X., Pinos, I., Abraham, B. M., Barrett, T. J., von Lintig, J., Fisher, E. A., Amengual, J. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Tetracosahexaenoylethanolamide, a novel N-acylethanolamide, is elevated in ischemia and increases neuronal output [Research Articles]
N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) are endogenous lipid-signaling molecules derived from fatty acids that regulate numerous biological functions, including in the brain. Interestingly, NAEs are elevated in the absence of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and following CO2-induced ischemia/hypercapnia, suggesting a neuroprotective response. Tetracosahexaenoic acid (THA) is a product and precursor to DHA; however, the NAE product, tetracosahexaenoylethanolamide (THEA), has never been reported. Presently, THEA was chemically synthesized as an authentic standard to confirm THEA presence in biological tissues. Whole brains were collect...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - November 1, 2020 Category: Lipidology Authors: Lin, L., Metherel, A. H., Di Miceli, M., Liu, Z., Sahin, C., Fioramonti, X., Cummins, C. L., Laye, S., Bazinet, R. P. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Distinctive sphingolipid patterns in chronic multiple sclerosis lesions [Research Articles]
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a CNS disease characterized by immune-mediated demyelination and progressive axonal loss. MS-related CNS damage and its clinical course have two main phases: active and inactive/progressive. Reliable biomarkers are being sought to allow identification of MS pathomechanisms and prediction of its course. The purpose of this study was to identify sphingolipid (SL) species as candidate biomarkers of inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes underlying MS pathology. We performed sphingolipidomic analysis by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry to determine the lipid profiles in post mortem specimens from ...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - November 1, 2020 Category: Lipidology Authors: Podbielska, M., Szulc, Z. M., Ariga, T., Pokryszko-Dragan, A., Fortuna, W., Bilinska, M., Podemski, R., Jaskiewicz, E., Kurowska, E., Yu, R. K., Hogan, E. L. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Biogeography of microbial bile acid transformations along the murine gut [Research Articles]
In this study, bile acid transformations were mapped to the associated active microorganisms, offering a systematic characterization of the relationship between microbiota and bile acid composition. (Source: The Journal of Lipid Research)
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - November 1, 2020 Category: Lipidology Authors: Marion, S., Desharnais, L., Studer, N., Dong, Y., Notter, M. D., Poudel, S., Menin, L., Janowczyk, A., Hettich, R. L., Hapfelmeier, S., Bernier-Latmani, R. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Predominant phosphorylation patterns in Neisseria meningitidis lipid A determined by top-down MS/MS [Research Articles]
Among the virulence factors in Neisseria infections, a major inducer of inflammatory cytokines is the lipooligosaccharide (LOS). The activation of NF-B via extracellular binding of LOS or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to the toll-like receptor 4 and its coreceptor, MD-2, results in production of pro-inflammatory cytokines that initiate adaptive immune responses. LOS can also be absorbed by cells and activate intracellular inflammasomes, causing the release of inflammatory cytokines and pyroptosis. Studies of LOS and LPS have shown that their inflammatory potential is highly dependent on lipid A phosphorylation and acylation, bu...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - November 1, 2020 Category: Lipidology Authors: John, C. M., Phillips, N. J., Jarvis, G. A. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
